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"ASI merupakan makanan terpenting bagi bayi. Persentase ibu yang menyusui mengalami penurunan meskipun sudah diketahui bahwa ASI banyak manfaatnya. Penelitian sebelumnya telah meneliti mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi lama pemberian ASI pada ibu bekerja, namun hasil penelitian tersebut dirasa belum konklusif. Ibu bekerja sebagai salah satu golongan ibu yang memberikan ASI mempunyai masalah tersendiri yang mempengaruhi lama pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui proporsi ibu bekerja sebagai pegawai swasta yang berhubungan dengan lama pemberian ASI serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan wawancara melalui pengisian kuesioner. Subyek yang diteliliti adalah ibu-ibu yang bekerja sebagai pegawai negeri swasta di beberapa perusahaan swasta di Jakarta dalam jangka waktu Mei 2009 hingga Juni 2009. Penelitian ini melibatkan delapan puluh delapan subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Lalu dilakukan uji statistik Chi-Square yang menunjukan adanya hubungan antara variabel lama pemberian ASI dengan variabel dukungan suami (p=0,001). Serta dilakukan uji statistik Kolmogorov-Smirnov yang menunjukan adanya hubungan antara lama pemberian ASI dengan faktor pengetahuan ibu mengenai ASI (p=0,005).Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara faktor dukungan suami dan faktor pengetahuan ibu mengenai ASI dengan lama pemberian ASI pada ibu pegawai swasta di beberapa perusahaan di Jakarta.

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Breastmilk is the best food for babies. Although the advatages of breastmilk are well known, the percentage of breastfeeding mother keep on declining. Prior research had assess factors that could affect breastfeeding period in working mother, but that research was not adequate. The purpose of this research is to know the association between husband support and mother's knowledge about breastfeeding with the length of breastfeeding periode.

The method used in this research is cross-sectional with interview through questionnaire. The samples taken was private employee working mother in some companies in Jakarta from May to June 2009. This research involving 88 subjects that meet the criteria. Researcher test those samples using chi square statistical test to asses the association between breastfeeding periode with husband supports (p=0,001). Researcher using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test that show there is an association between breastfeeding period with mothers knowledge (p=0,005).

Researcher concludes that there is an association between husband support and mother's knowledge about breastfeeding with the length of breastfeeding periode in civil servant mothers in some companies in jakarta."

"ASI diketahui memiliki banyak manfaatnya namun presentase ibu yang menyusui mengalami penurunan. Penurunan terjadi terutama terjadi pada golongan ibu yang bekerja. Ibu bekerja sebagai salah satu golongan ibu yang memberikan ASI mempunyai masalah tersendiri yang mempengaruhi lama pemberian ASI. Penelitian sebelumnya mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sudah dilakukan namun hasilnya belum konklusif. Untuk itu akan dibahas faktor anak dibawa ke tempat kerja dan faktor fasilitas laktasi di tempat kerja dihubungkan dengan lama pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan faktor anak dibawa ke tempat kerja dan faktor fasilitas laktasi di tempat kerja dihubungkan dengan lama pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan wawancara melalui pengisian kuesioner. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2008 hingga Juni 2009 di Jakarta dengan subyek penelitian ibu pegawai swasta. Penelitian melibatkan 88 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria lalu dilakukan uji statistik chi square dan uji kolmogorov smirnov, untuk menilai hubungan antara lama pemberian ASI dengan faktor anak dibawa ke tempat kerja dan faktor fasilitas laktasi di tempat kerja. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara anak dibawa ke tempat kerja (p=0,579), tersedianya TPA di sekitar tempat kerja(p=0,509), tersedianya ruang menyusui di tempat kerja (p=0.833), tersedianya ruang kerja sendiri (p=0.220), dan adanya lemari pendingin (p=0.110) dengan lama pemberian ASI. Disimpulkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara faktor anak dibawa ke tempat kerja dan faktor fasilitas laktasi dengan lama pemberian ASI.

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Breastmilk has a lot of advantages but mom precentage of breast feeding is decreasing. This is happened especially at working mother. Working mother as one of mothers that give breastmilk group has their own problem that influence the length of breastfeeding. The former research had find factors that had association with breastfeeding but not conclusive yet. So we will discuss the assocoation between bring kids to the office and facility of lactation to the length of breastfeeding at working mother as private employee at several companies at jakarta. The objective of this research is to know the assocoation between bring kids to the office and facility of lactation to the length of breastfeeding at working mother as private employee at several companies at jakarta. This research used cross sectional method by interviewing using a quesionnaire. Research done from Desember 2008 to June 2009. This research joined by 88 subject that match criteria then used chi square test and Kolmogorov Smirnov, to know the association between the length of breastfeeding and bring kids to the office and the facilitiy of lactation. There are no association beetween bring kids to the office (p=0,579), the avaibility of deposite place for children at the office(p=0,509), avaibility of lactation room (p=0.833), avaibility of self room office (p=0.220), and avaibility of refrigerator (p=0.110) with the length of breastfeeding.The conclusion is there is no association between the length of breastfeeding and bring kids to the office and the facilitiy of lactation."

"ASI merupakan makanan terbaik bagi bayi. Persentase ibu yang memberikan ASI terus mengalami penurunan meskipun sudah diketahui bahwa manfaat ASI sangat banyak. Ibu bekerja adalah salah satu golongan ibu yang mempunyai masalah dalam memberikan ASI. Penelitian sebelumnya telah mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi lama pemberian ASI pada ibu bekerja, namun penelitian tersebut hasilnya belum memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara faktor anak dibawa ke tempat kerja dan fasilitas laktasi di tempat kerja dengan lama pemberian ASI. Metode yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan wawancara melalui pengisian kuesioner pada ibu-ibu bekerja sebagai pegawai negeri sipil di beberapa kantor dan rumah sakit pemerintah di Jakarta dalam kurun waktu Desember 2008 hingga Juni 2009. Penelitian ini melibatkan 88 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria. Peneliti kemudian melakukan uji chi square pada sampel tersebut, jika memenuhi syarat uji chi-square. Namun jika tidak memenuhi syarat uji chi square, peneliti akan melakukan uji kolmogorov smirnov. Hasil dari pengujian tersebut adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara anak dibawa ke tempat kerja (p=0.955), tersedianya TPA di sekitar tempat kerja (p=0.127), tersedianya ruang menyusui di tempat kerja (p=0.965), tersedianya ruang kerja sendiri (p=0.910), dan adanya lemari pendingin (p=0.884) dengan lama pemberian ASI. Disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara faktor anak dibawa ke tempat kerja dan faktor fasilitas laktasi dengan lama pemberian ASI.

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Breastmilk is the best food for babies. Although the advantages of breastmilk are well known, the percentage of breastfeeding mother keep on declining. Working mother is a group of mother who having some problems in breastfeeding. Prior research had assess factors that could affect breastfeeding period in working mother, but that research was not adequate. The purpose of this research is to know the proportion of working mother as a civil servant in association with breastfeeding period and other assosiated factors. The method used in this research is cross-sectional with interview through questionnaire. The samples taken was civil servants working mother in some offices and government hospitals in Jakarta from December 2008 to June 2009. This research involving 88 subjects that meet the criteria. Researcher test those samples using chi-square statistical test, if it meets the chi square’s requirements. But, if the samples doesn’t meet the chi square’s requirements, researcher will test it using kolmogorov smirnov test. The result of this research is no association between parent who bring their children tho work (p=0.955), the availability of child care service around the office (p=0.127), the availability of lactating in the office (p=0.965), the availability of private working area (p=0.910), and the availability of refrigerator (p=0.884) with the breastfeeding period. Researcher concludes there is no association between parent who bring their children to work factor and lactating facility factor with breastfeeding period."

"ASI merupakan makanan terpenting bagi bayi. Persentase ibu yang menyusui mengalami penurunan meskipun sudah diketahui bahwa ASI banyak manfaatnya. Penelitian sebelumnya telah meneliti mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi lama pemberian ASI pada ibu bekerja, namun penelitian tersebut dirasa belum konklusif. Ibu bekerja sebagai salah satu golongan ibu yang memberikan ASI mempunyai masalah tersendiri yang mempengaruhi lama pemberian ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui proporsi ibu bekerja sebagai pegawai negeri sipil yang berkaitan dengan lama pemberian ASI serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang dengan metode wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner. Subyek yang diteliliti adalah ibu-ibu yang bekerja sebagai pegawai negeri sipil di beberapa kantor dan rumah sakit pemerintahan di Jakarta dalam jangka waktu Mei hingga Juni 2009. Penelitian ini melibatkan 88 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Lalu dilakukan uji statistik Chi-Square yang menunjukan adanya hubungan antara lama pemberian ASI dengan faktor dukungan suami (p=0,025). Serta dilakukan uji statistik Kolmogorov-Svirnov yang menunjukan adanya hubungan antara lama pemberian ASI dengan faktor pengetahuan ibu mengenai ASI (p=0,029). Disimpulkan bahwa proporsi ibu bekerja yang menyusui kurang dari empat bulan adalah 25%, selama empat hingga enam bulan 14,8%,dan menyusui lebih dari enam bulan adalah 60,2% .

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Breastmilk is the best food for babies. Although the advatages of breastmilk are well known, the percentage of breastfeeding mother keep on declining. Prior research had assess factors that could affect breastfeeding period in working mother, but that research was not adequate. The purpose of this research is to know the proportion of working mother as a civil servant in association with breastfeeding period and other associated factors. The method used in this research is cross-sectional with interview through questionnaire. The samples taken was civil servants working mother in some offices and government hospitals in Jakarta from May to June 2009. This research involving 88 subjects that meet the criteria. Researcher test those samples using chi square statistical test to asses the association between breastefeeding peride with husband?s support (p=0,025). Researcher using Kolmogorov-Svirnov test that show there is an association between breastfeeding period with mother?s knowledge (p=0,029). Researcher concludes that the proportion of civil servants working mother who has breastfeeding period less than four months is 25%, between four and six months is 14.8%, and more than six months is 60.2%."

"Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan yang terus mengalami peningkatan baik secara global maupun di Indonesia. Obesitas pada remaja didiagnosis dengan mengkategorikan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) menggunakan grafik CDC. Obesitas pada remaja dapat menimbulkan konsekuensi jangka panjang, seperti munculnya timbulnya resistensi insulin dan penyakit kardiovaskular di usia dini. Salah satu etiologi obesitas ialah asupan energi berlebih, yang berasal dari asupan kalori dari sumber makronutrien dalam jumlah yang tidak normal (lebih tinggi dari anjuran asupan gizi yang ada). Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan asupan energi total dan jenis asupan makronutrien dengan derajat obesitas yang dikategorikan berdasarkan rerata IMT sampel. Subjek terdiri dari 69 remaja usia 14-18 tahun yang bersekolah di SMA di DKI Jakarta. Studi ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan menganalisis data sekunder yang didapat dari penelitian sebelumnya. Pada hasil ditemukan bahwa total asupan kalori tidak berhubungan dengan dengan derajat obesitas (p = 0,135) dan asupan makronutrien tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan derajat obesitas (p > 0,05).

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Obesity is a disease with increasing prevalence globally and within Indonesia. Obesity in adolescent is diagnosed using body mass index (BMI) percentile in growth chart arranged by CDC. Childhood obesity could lead to long term concequences such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases at earlier age. One of the primary cause for obesity is excess energy intake in accordance to its energy requirement affected by total energy expenditure. Energy intake would be defined by total caloric intake and its variety of macronutrient composition. This research is conducted to determine the correlation between total caloric intake and macronutrient intake status with degree of obesity categorized by the mean of samples BMI. Subjects included 69 adolescents aged 14-18 who were studying in Senior High School in Jakarta during data collection. This research is a cross-sectional study using secondary data collected from a prior research. With comparative approach, the results show that total caloric intake does not corellate with degree of obesity (p = 0,135) and macronutrient composition has no significant corellation with degree of obesity (p > 0,05)."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang.Masa pemberian makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MPASI), yaitu usia 6 sampai 24 bulan, merupakan salah satu periode kritis untuk mencegah malnutrisi. Growth faltering banyak terjadi pada fase ini, disebabkan kandungan nutrisi MPASI yang tidak lengkap dan tidak seimbang serta tingginya angka infeksi.Prevalensi defisiensi seng pada usia 6-24 bulan tinggi, baik di negara berkembang maupun negara maju. Mayoritas MPASI pertama yang diberikan di Indonesia berupa produk nabati, yaitu beras, beras merah, kacang-kacangan, buah, dan sayur yang memiliki kandungan seng yang rendah dan fitat yang tinggi sehingga merupakan faktor risiko defisiensi seng. Hati ayam merupakan sumber seng, protein, dan zat besi yang baik. Perlu dilakukan evaluasi pemberian hati ayam sebagai MPASI pertamadalam hal akseptabilitas, toleransi, serta efektivitas terhadap status seng.Tujuan. Mengevaluasi MPASI buatan rumah berbahan dasar hati ayam dalam hal akseptabilitas, toleransi, dan efektivitas terhadap status seng.Metode. Uji klinis acak dengan pembanding MPASI tepung beras fortifikasi dilakukan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Jatinegara, Koja, dan Kramat selama Februari sampai Juni 2014. Terdapat tiga kelompok intervensi, yaitu kelompok MPASI hati ayam, MPASI bubur susu (tepung beras fortifikasi, mengandung susu), dan MPASI single grain (tepung beras fortifikasi tanpa susu). Intervensi dilakukan selama 30 hari. Sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dilakukan pengukuran antropometri dan pemeriksaan seng plasma. Setiap hari dilakukan pencatatan volume MPASI yang dihabiskan dan efek samping. Analisis Anova dan Bonferroni dilakukan untuk menilai perbedaan antar kelompok. Korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear digunakan untuk menilai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi status seng plasma.Hasil. Sebanyak 90 bayi diikutsertakan dalam penelitian, namun terdapat 7 subjek drop-out dan 17 sampel darah lisis sehingga data yang dapat dianalisis adalah 66 bayi. Akseptabilitas ketiga jenis MPASI setara. Tidak didapatkan efek simpang pada semua kelompok. Ketiga jenis MPASI dapat memenuhi kebutuhan harian seng sebesar 3 mg/hari. Efektivitas terhadap status seng ditunjukkan dari selisih seng plasma pra-intervensi dan pasca-intervensi. Perbedaan selisih sengplasma (μg/dL) hati ayam dan bubur susu adalah 12,0 (IK 95% 0,6;23,4), hati ayam dan single grain adalah 12,0 (-23,4;-0,6), serta bubur susu dan single grain 8,5 (-2,3;19,3). Pertambahan berat badan dan panjang badan berbeda bermakna antara ketiga kelompok.Simpulan. Akseptabilitas MPASI hati ayam setara dengan tepung beras fortifikasi. Tidak didapatkan efek samping selama pemberian MPASI hati ayam dan tepung beras fortifikasi. Efektivitas MPASI hati ayam terhadap status seng plasma lebih baik dibandingkan tepung beras fortifikasi. Faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas MPASI terhadap status seng plasma adalah jenis MPASI, yang mungkin berkaitan dengan rasio molar fitat/seng, dan asupan kalsium.

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ABSTRACTBackground.High prevalence of zinc deficiency and growth faltering were observed during the complementary feeding perioddue to low quality complementary food and high prevalence of infection. Most of first complementary food given to Indonesian infants were plants sources which contain low zinc and high phytate, thus put Indonesian babies into high risk of zinc deficiency. Chicken liver is a good source of zinc, protein, and iron, making it a good option for complementary food.Objective. To evaluate chicken liver based complementary food in terms of acceptability and effectivity on zinc status.Method. Randomized clinical trial comparing three groups of complementary food:chicken liver, fortified rice cereal containing milk, and fortified rice cereal without milk given to predominantly breastfed infant aged around 6 month old. This study took place in primary health care of Jatinegara, Koja, and Kramat District during February to June 2014. Intervention was given for 30 days. Anthropometric measurement and plasma zinc investigation were performed before and after intervention. Amount of consumed complementary food was recorded daily. Anova and Bonferroni test were used to evaluate difference between groups. Factors influencing plasma zinc status were evaluated with Pearson correlation and linear regression.Results. Ninety babies were enrolled, 7 subjects refused to continue study and 17 blood samples were hemolyzed thus only 66 subjects were analyzed. The three groups shown similar acceptability and were able to met daily requirement of zinc of 3 mg/day. No adverse effect was observed during study period. The increment of pra-intervention and pasca-intervention plasma zinc was used as an indicator of effectivity on zinc status. Mean difference of zinc increment (μg/dL) between two groups were 12,0 (95% CI 0,6;23,4) for chicken liver and rice cereal containing milk, 12,0 (-23,4;-0,6) for chicken liver and rice cereal without milk, and 8,5 (-2,3;19,3) for rice cereal containing milk and without milk. Weight and length increment showed significant difference between three groups.Conclusions. The three groups showed no difference in acceptability and were able to met daily requirement of zinc of 3 mg/day. Chicken liver group demonstrated better effectivity on zinc status compared to fortified rice cereal groups. Dietary factors influencing plasma zinc status were type of complementary food, which probably correlated with molar ratio of phytate/zinc, and calcium intake."

"Breastmilk is the best nutrition for infant but giving only breastmilk for preamature infants older than 2 weeks could not comply the needs and has to be fortified Human milk fortifier HMF is very recommended to fortify breastmilk In west Sumatera including DR M Djamil Hospital HMF was unreachable and expensive At certain hospital in Africa and several Hospital in United States they exclusively use fortified breastmilk with Post Discharge Formula PDF Objective To compare the weight gain among premature infants receiving fortified breastmilk with PDF and premature formula milk and also to observe the adverse event Methods A 4 weeks experimental study on premature infants gestational age ge 28 until 37 weeks who receive fortified breastmilk with PDF and some of them received premature formula milk acted as a control from March until December 2015 in DR M Djamil Hospital West Sumatera Results Data was obtained from 30 sample for each group intervention and control Sample baseline characteristic such as sex gestational age GA birth weight and previous illness history was indifferent statistically The mean of birth weight in control group was 1643 grams the mean of weight at the initial study was 1631 grams and the mean of birth weight at the end of study 4 weeks was 2573 grams The mean of birth weight in intervention group was 1682 grams the mean of weight at the initial study was 1722 grams and the mean of birth weight at the end of study 4 weeks was 2775 grams The mean of time to reach full feed condition initial study in control group was 14 days and 18 days in intervention group The mean of weight gain during 4 weeks was 958 grams in control group and 1053 grams in intervention group p 0 22 There was no adverse event found in infants received both breastmilk fortified with PDF and premature formula milk Conclusion It appears that weight gain of premature infants who receive breastmilk fortified with PDF is indifferent statistically compared with premature infants who receive formula milk There is no adverse event found in this study"

"Latar Belakang. Infeksi jamur invasif (IJI) merupakan salah satu penyebab penting morbiditas dan mortalitas pada pasien dengan keganasan. Penelitian di beberapa negara mengenai kejadian IJI pada anak dengan populasi beragam mendapatkan hasil yang bervariasi, antara 5%-14%. Sampai saat ini belum ditemukan publikasi di Indonesia mengenai prevalens, karakteristik pasien anak dengan leukemia akut yang menderita IJI, spesies jamur penyebab maupun angka kematian akibat IJI. Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens, manifestasi klinis, spesies jamur penyebab, dan mortalitas infeksi jamur invasif pada anak usia 1 bulan -18 tahun dengan leukemia akut yang mendapat kemoterapi dan mengalami neutropenia. Metode. Penelitian retrospektif deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis Januari 2010 sampai Desember 2011 dilakukan pada pasien anak dengan leukemia akut yang mendapat kemoterapi dan mengalami neutropenia, dan dirawat di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (IKA-RSCM). Infeksi jamur invasif ditetapkan berdasarkan kriteria European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 2002. Hasil. Besar sampel diperoleh 218 episode perawatan dari 102 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Prevalens IJI pada perawatan anak dengan leukemia akut dan neutropenia yang mendapat kemoterapi adalah 12 (5,5%) dari 218 perawatan. Kejadian IJI lebih sering pada pasien dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki, usia di atas 6 tahun, leukemia myeloid akut (LMA), dan kemoterapi fase induksi. Faktor pejamu yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah neutropenia>10 hari dengan manifestasi klinis tersering berupa infeksi saluran napas bawah dan lesi kulit. Spesies jamur penyebab IJI yang ditemukan adalah Candida sp. Mortalitas IJI sebesar 8/12 dengan penyebab kematian terbanyak syok sepsis. Kematian yang disebabkan infeksi jamur tidak dilaporkan. Simpulan. Prevalens IJI pada perawatan anak dengan leukemia akut dan neutropenia yang mendapat kemoterapi 5,5%. Spesies jamur penyebab IJI yang ditemukan adalah Candida sp. Tidak semua pasien dengan demam neutropenia dilakukan pemeriksaan biakan jamur. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi angka kejadian IJI yang sebenarnya sehingga perlu penelitian lebih lanjut yang dilakukan secara prospektif untuk mendapatkan gambaran IJI yang lebih pasti.

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Background. Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancies. Prevalence of IFIs in children in different countries varies between 5%-14%. There has been no published data of prevalence, characteristics, causative fungi, and mortality rate in children with acute leukemia and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in Indonesia.

Objectives. To find the prevalence, clinical manifestations, fungal cause, and mortality rate of IFIs in children aged 1 month-18 years with acute leukemia and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in Indonesia.

Methods. This was a retrospective descriptive study using medical records of children with acute leukemia and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital’s Pediatric Department from January 2010-December 2011. Invasive fungal infection was diagnosed according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 2002 criteria.

Results. A total of 218 admissions from 102 patients met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of IFIs in acute leukemia children with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was 12 (5.5%) from 218 admissions. IFIs were more prevalent in boys, age >6 years old, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and induction phase of chemotherapy. The most common host factor was neutropenia >10 days, with lower repiratory tract infections and skin lesions as the most common clinical manifestations. Fungal pathogen found was Candida sp. Mortality rate was 8/12 with septic shock as the most common cause of death. IFI related mortality was not reported.

Conclusion. Prevalence of IFIs in children admitted with acute leukemia and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was 5.5%. Fungal pathogen found was Candida sp. Fungal culture was not done in all patients with febrile neutropenia and this factor could influence the prevalence of IFIs. Further prospective research is needed to find more accurate IFIs characteristics."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Penggunaan antikonvulsan jangka panjang, terutama golonganpenginduksi enzim, berkaitan dengan penurunan kadar 25-hidroksivitamin D(25[OH]D) dan peningkatan prevalens defisiensi vitamin D. Namun demikian,hasil yang tidak konsisten ditunjukkan pada penggunaan antikonvulsan nonpenginduksienzim seperti asam valproat. Sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian diIndonesia yang melihat hubungan penggunaan antikonvulsan jangka panjangdengan kadar 25(OH)D.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar 25(OH)D dan prevalensdefisiensi/insufisiensi vitamin D pada anak epilepsi yang menggunakanantikonvulsan jangka panjang serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang di dua poliklinik neurologi anak di Jakartapada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2013 pada anak epilepsi usia 6 – 11 tahun yangmenggunakan asam valproat, karbamazepin, fenobarbital, fenitoin, atauokskarbazepin, baik tunggal maupun kombinasi, selama 1 tahun atau lebih.Penelitian menggunakan kontrol matching usia dan jenis kelamin. Pemeriksaankadar 25(OH)D menggunakan metode enzyme immunoassay.Hasil. Terdapat 31 subjek epilepsi dan 31 kontrol dengan rerata usia 9,1 (SD 1,8)tahun. Sebagian besar subjek menggunakan asam valproat (25/31) dan diberikanmonoterapi (21/31). Rerata lama pemakaian antikonvulsan adalah 41,9 (SD 20)bulan. Rerata kadar 25(OH)D subjek epilepsi adalah 41,1 (SD 16) ng/mL, lebihrendah dibanding kontrol dengan selisih 9,7 ng/mL (IK95% 1,6 sampai 17,9).Tidak ditemukan defisiensi vitamin D pada kedua kelompok. Prevalensinsufisiensi vitamin D pada subjek epilepsi lebih besar dibanding kontrol (12/31vs 4/31; p=0,020). Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, tidak ada faktor yangmemengaruhi penurunan kadar 25(OH)D pada anak epilepsi yang menggunakanantikonvulsan jangka panjang.Simpulan. Kadar vitamin D pada anak epilepsi yang menggunakan antikonvulsanjangka panjang lebih rendah dibanding dengan kontrol namun tidak sampaimenyebabkan defisiensi vitamin D.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Long-term anticonvulsants therapy, especially the enzyme inducer,are associated with low level of 25-hidroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and highprevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, studies had showed inconsistentresults on long-term usage of non-enzyme inducer anticonvulsant such as valproicacid. Until now, there is no study ever conducted in Indonesia to evaluate theassociation between long-term usage of anticonvulsant with 25(OH)D level.Objectives. To investigate 25(OH)D level and the prevalence of vitamin Ddeficiency/insufficiency in epileptic children who are using long-termanticonvulsant and to describe the associated factors.Method. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at two pediatric outpatientneurology clinics in Jakarta, between March to June 2013. Subjects were epilepticchildren, aged 6 – 11 years old who had been using valproic acid, carbamazepine,phenobarbital, phenytoin, or oxcarbazepine, as single or combination therapy, for1 year or more. We performed a matched control for age and sex. The 25(OH)Dlevel was measured with enzyme immunoassay method.Results. There were 31 epileptic children and 31 controls. The mean age was 9,1(SD 1.8) years old. Most of the subjects were treated with valproic acid (25/31)and administered as monotherapy (21/31). The mean duration of anticonvulsantconsumption was 41.9 (SD 20) months. The mean 25(OH)D level of epilepticchildren was 41.1 (SD 16) ng/mL, lower than control with difference 9.7 ng/mL(95% CI 1.6 to 17.9). There was no vitamin D deficiency found in this study. Theprevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in epileptic children was higher than control(12/31 vs 4/31; p=0,020). Based on the multivariate analysis, no identified riskfactors were associated with low level of 25(OH)D in epileptic children with longtermanticonvulsant therapy.Conclusion. Vitamin D level in epileptic children with long-term anticonvulsanttherapy is lower than control but none have vitamin D deficiency."

"Latar belakang: Bayi prematur rentan kekurangan zat besi karena cadangan besi ibu rendah, kebutuhan besi untuk pertumbuhan dan pengambilan sampel laboratorium. Risiko tersebut meningkat saat bayi prematur berusia 2 bulan. Kecukupan zat besi tubuh dinilai dengan kadar feritin, besi serum (SI), saturasi transferin (Tfsat), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) dan Hb.Tujuan: Mengetahui profil besi pada bayi prematur usia kronologis 2 bulan.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap bayi usia 2 bulan yang lahir usia gestasi (UG) 32-36 minggu saat berkunjung ke klinik tumbuh kembang. Pemeriksaan darah tepi lengkap, apusan darah tepi, SI, TIBC, Tfsat dan feritin dilakukan pada sampel darah vena. Data lain diperoleh dari wawancara dan telaah rekam medik.Hasil : Studi diikuti oleh 83 subjek yang terdiri dari 51% lelaki dan 93% lahir dari ibu berusia >20 tahun. Berat lahir terkecil adalah 1.180 g dan terbesar adalah 2.550 g. Prevalens ADB sebesar 6% dan DB sebesar 10%. Subjek ADB memiliki kadar Hb terendah 6,8 g/dL dan feritin terendah 8,6 ng/mL. Median kadar SI adalah 48 μg/dL; TIBC 329 μg/dL dan Tfsat 17%. Bayi ADB sebagian besar lelaki (5/5), kenaikan BB ≥2x berat lahir (4/5), tidak disuplementasi besi (3/5), latar belakang pendidikan ibu rendah (3/5) dan golongan sosial-ekonomi rendah- menengah ke bawah (3/5).Simpulan: Prevalens ADB sebesar 6% dan DB sebesar 10%. Sebagian besar subjek yang mengalami DB dan ADB memiliki kadar SI, Tfsat dan feritin rendah serta TIBC meningkat. Subjek lelaki dengan kenaikan BB ≥2x berat lahir, tidak disuplementasi besi, latar belakang pendidikan ibu rendah dan golongan sosial ekonomi rendah-menengah ke bawah lebih banyak yang mengalami ADB.

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Background: Preterm infants are vulnerable to iron deficiency (ID) due to lack of maternal iron stores, phlebotomy and increasing demand during growth. Risk of ID increases when hemoglobin (Hb) level started to decrease at 2 months of age. Iron body adequacy is measured by examining feritin, serum iron (SI), transferrin saturation, total iron binding capcity (TIBC) and Hb.Objective: To describe iron profile in preterm infants at 2 months of chronological age (CA).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to 2 months old infants born at 32-36 gestational age visiting Growth and Development Clinics. Parents interview and medical record review were taken at visit. Complete blood count, blood smear, SI, TIBC, Tfsat and ferritin level were performed.Results: Eighty three subjects were enrolled in this study. Mostly were male (51%) and born from mother >20 years old (93%). The lowest birth weight was 1,180 g and the highest was 2,550 g. Prevalence of IDA is 6% and ID is 10%. The lowest Hb level found in IDA infants was 6.8 g/dL and ferritin level was 8.6 ng/mL. Median of SI level was 48 μg/dL; TIBC 329 μg/dL; and Tfsat 17. Subjects with IDA were mostly men (5/5), achieved more than twice birth weight (4/5), non-iron supplemented (3/5), born from low education background mother (3/5) and has low socio-economic status (3/5).Conclusions: Prevalence of IDA is 6% and ID is 10%. Most subjects with ID and IDA have low SI, high TIBC, low Tfsat and low ferritin level. Male subjects who weigh ≥twice birth weight, non-iron supplemented, born form low educational background and socioeconomic status mother were mostly suffer from IDA."