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"Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri dari bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam oliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah dilakukan pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan, sehingga perlu diberikan perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satu material tersebut adalah bonding agent.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kedalaman intrusi air terhadap kekerasan SIK.Metode: 12 spesimen SIK dengan diameter 5 mm dan tebal 2 mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa bahan pelindung, kelompok 2 diaplikasikan varnis, dan kelompok 3 diaplikasikan bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylene blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan di masukkan ke dalam inkubator dalam suhu 370C. Selanjutnya setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2 bagian, pada satu bagian dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kedalaman intrusi air menggunakan measuring microscope sedangkan pada satu sisi lainnya dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kekerasan menggunakan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik.Hasil: Pada tiap kelompok terdapat hubungan korelasi yang kuat antara kedalaman intrusi air dan kekerasan SIK dengan nilai korelasi -0,868 dan nilai p < 0,05 .Kesimpulan: Semakin dalam intrusi air pada SIK, semakin rendah kekerasan SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material consisting of calcium fluoroaluminosillicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At the initial reaction after mixing, GIC is sensitive to the air and water which can inhibit the setting reaction, therefore it is needed a protection by materials which are watertight and one of them is bonding agent.Aim: To analyze the relation of the depth water intrusion to the hardness of GIC.Method: 12 specimen with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, were divided into 3 groups: the first group wasn?t given a coating, the second group was given varnish, and the third group was given bonding agent. All specimen were soaked in methylene blue 0,1% during 24 hours and placed in incubator with 370C in temperature. Furthermore, each sample was cut into 2 parts, one part was measured to know the depth of water intrusion by measuring microscope while the other part was measured to know its hardness by Knoop Microhardness Tester. Afterwards, the result is analyzed statistically.Result: There is a strong correlation between the depth of water intrusion and the hardness of GIC in each group with correlation value -0,868 and p value < 0,05.Conclusion: The deeper the water intrusion of GIC, the lower the hardness of GIC."

"Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri dari bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam poliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan sehingga perlu perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satunya adalah bonding agent.Tujuan: menganalisis efek bonding agent terhadap kedalaman intrusi air pada SIK.Metode: 12 spesimen SIK diameter 5 mm dan tebal 2 mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa pelapisan, kelompok 2 dilapis varnis, dan kelompok 3 dilapis bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylene blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan dimasukkan dalam inkubator dengan suhu 370 C. Kemudian setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2, yang satu sisi diukur kedalaman intrusi airnya menggunakan measuring microscope dan bagian lainnya diukur kekerasan permukaannya menggunakan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik.Hasil: Pada ketiga kelompok terlihat adanya perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai kedalaman intrusi air tertinggi ada pada kelompok tanpa perlakuan dan paling rendah pada kelompok bonding agent.Kesimpulan: Aplikasi bonding agent dapat menurunkan kedalaman intrusi air pada SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material containing calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At initiation stage of reaction after mixing, GIC becomes sensitive with air and water which can inhibit setting reaction so it needs to be protected with waterproof material, the one is bonding agent.Aim: To analize bonding agent?s effect in depth of water intrusion in GIC.Method: 12 GIC speciments with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were divided into 3 groups: group 1 without any protecting layer, group 2 was coated with varnish, and group 3 was coated with bonding agent. All speciments were immersed in methylene blue 0,1% as long as 24 hours and was put into incubator 370 C. Then, each samples was cut off into 2 pieces, one side was measured for water intrusion using measuring microscope dan the other was measured for surface hardness using Knoop Microhardness Tester. After that, the result was analized statistical.Result: At 3 groups showed there was significant difference, the highest water intrusion depth score was group without any protecting layer and the lowest score was bonding agent?s group.Conclusion: Application of bonding agent could decrease the depth of water intrusion in GIC."

"Latar Belakang: Semen Ionomer Kaca (SIK) adalah bahan restorasi yang terdiri bubuk kaca kalsium fluoroaluminosilikat dan asam poliakrilik. Pada tahap awal reaksi setelah pencampuran, SIK sensitif terhadap udara dan air yang dapat menghambat reaksi pengerasan, sehingga perlu perlindungan dengan material yang kedap air dan salah satunya adalah bonding agent.Tujuan: menganalisis efek bonding agent terhadap kekerasan SIK.Metode: 12 spesimen SIK diameter 5mm dan tebal 2mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 tanpa pelapisan, kelompok 2 dilapis varnis dan kelompok 3 dilapis bonding agent. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam methylen blue 0,1% selama 24 jam dan di masukkan dalam inkubator dalam suhu 37oC. Kemudian setiap sampel dibelah menjadi 2, yang satu sisi diukur kedalaman intrusi airnya dengan measuring microscope dan bagian lainnya diukur ke kekerasan permukaannya dengan Knoop Microhardness Tester. Kemudian hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik.Hasil: Pada ketiga kelompok terlihat adanya perbedaan bermakna dengan nilai kekerasan SIK tertinggi ada pada kelompok bonding agent.Kesimpulan: Aplikasi bonding agent dapat meningkatkan kekerasan SIK.

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Background: Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is a restorative material containing calcium fluoroalluminosillicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid. At the initial reaction after mixing process, GIC becomes sensitive to the air and water which can inhibit setting reaction, therefore it needs to be protected with waterproof material, such as bonding agent.Aim: Analyzing effect of bonding agent application in the hardness of GIC.Method: 12 GIC specimens with 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were divided into 3 groups: first group were without coating, second group were coating with varnish, and third group were covering with bonding agent. All specimens were immersed in methylene blue 0,1% for 24 hours and stored into incubator 37o C. Furthermore, each sample was cut into 2 pieces, one part was measured for water intrusion using measuring microscope while the other part was measured for surface hardness using Knoop Microhardness Tester. Afterwards, the result was analized statistical.Result: At 3 groups show there was significant difference, the highest hardness score is bonding agent?s group.Conclusion: Application of bonding agent could increase the hardness of GIC."

"ABSTRACTPada pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal suntik Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) dapat menyebabkan kenaikan hormon tubuh. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi saliva di rongga mulut yang merupakan salah satu indikator faktor resiko terjadinya karies gigi. Pemeriksaan pH dan viskositas saliva tidak terstimulasi dapat digunakan untuk menilai risiko karies individu. Pada beberapa penelitian, pemakaian DMPA menunjukkan terjadinya efek samping pada tubuh dan rongga mulut. Pemakaian DMPA dapat menimbulkan amenorea dan penurunan densitas tulang. Selain itu ketidakseimbangan hormon pada pemakaian DMPA juga mempengaruhi pH dan viskositas saliva. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh lama pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal suntik DMPA terhadap pH dan viskositas saliva tidak terstimulasi. Metode: Saliva tidak terstimulasi pada subjek pemakai kontrasepsi hormonal suntik DMPA dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu pemakaian selama 12-23 bulan, 24-35 bulan, dan 36-60 bulan, dan subjek non pemakai kontrasepsi dikumpulkan dan langsung diukur nilai pH dengan menggunakan kertas lakmus merk GC dan nilai viskositas dengan viskometer Oswald. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) nilai pH dan viskositas saliva tidak terstimulasi antara kelompok uji dan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat pengaruh lama pemakaian kontrasepsi hormonal suntik DMPA terhadap pH dan viskositas saliva tidak terstimulasi.

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ABSTRACTThe use of hormonal contraceptive injection Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) increasing the hormonal productivity. This can affect saliva in the oral cavity, which is one of the indicator of risk factors for dental caries. Examination of pH and viscosity of unstimulated saliva can be used to assess the risk of individual caries. In several studies, the use of DMPA showed the occurrence of side effects on the body and oral cavity. Use of DMPA can cause amenorrhea and reduce bone density. In addition, hormonal imbalances in the use of DMPA also affect the pH and viscosity of saliva. Objective: To analyze the effect of usage duration of hormonal contraceptive injection DMPA on pH and viscosity of unstimulated saliva. Method: Unstimulated saliva in hormonal contraceptive injection DMPA subjects with used duration of 12-23 months, 24-35 months, and 36-60 months, and non-contraceptive were collected and measured directly by using GC pH indicator paper and Oswald viscometer. Results: There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) value of pH and viscosity of unstimulated saliva between the test groups and control group. Conclusion: There were no effects of duration of usage hormonal contraceptive injection DMPA on the pH and viscosity of unstimulated saliva."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Carboximethyl Chitosan / Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CMC/ACP) sebagai material analog non-protein mempunyai kemampuan meremineralisasi dentin. Gypsum sebagai bahan pencampur yang dapat memudahkan aplikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh penambahan gypsum pada material analog non-protein CMC/ACP. Metode: 27 kavitas dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Kelompok 1 dentin demineralisasi tidak diaplikasi bahan, kelompok 2 dentin demineralisasi diaplikasi CMC/ACP, kelompok 3 dentin demineralisasi diaplikasi gypsum+CMC/ACP. Diperiksa pada hari ke-14 menggunakan SEM-EDX. Hasil: gypsum tidak memengaruhi kemampuan material analog non-protein CMC/ACP dalam remineralisasi dentin.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Carboximethyl Chitosan / Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CMC/ACP) is analog material non-protein that have dentine remineralization ability.  While Gypsum is mixing material that can facilitate the application. Objective of this study was to see the effect of gypsum addition on analog material non-protein CMC/ACP. Methods: 27 cavities were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 were dentine demineralization without any material applied. Group 2 were dentine demineralization with CMC/ACP material applied, and group 3 were dentine demineralization with gypsum + CMC/ACP material applied. Checked on day 14 using SEM-EDX. Result:  Gypsum was not affect material ability of analog non-protein CMC/ACP in dentine remineralization.

 

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"Latar Belakang: Preparasi saluran akar berpotensi menyebabkan ekstrusi debri nekrotik dan bakteri intrakanal yang dapat memicu respon inflamasi di periapeks. Teknik instrumentasi, desain file, dan teknik irigasi diketahui memengaruhi potensi terjadinya ekstrusi debri dan bakteri. Tujuan: Menganalisis dan membandingkan efek penggunaan single file rotasi kontinyu dan resiprokal terhadap terjadinya ekstrusi debri dan E.faecalis. Metode: Tiga puluh dua gigi premolar rahang bawah, akar tunggal dipilih secara acak dikontaminasi bakteri E.faecalis isolat klinis ke dalam saluran akar, lalu dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Saluran akar dipreparasi menggunakan single file gerakan rotasi kontinyu (One Curve), dan single file gerakan resiprokal (Reciproc Blue). Model Myers dan Montogomery digunakan untuk mengumpulkan ekstrusi debri dan bakteri. Jumlah ekstrusi debri diketahui dari selisih berat tabung debri sebelum dan setelah instrumentasi. Sementara ekstrusi E.faecalis diketahui dengan identifikasi koloni hijau-biru pada media chromagar selektif. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dan komparatif kategorik. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah ekstrusi debri (p=0,513) dan persentase terjadinya ekstrusi E.faecalis (p=0,479) pada kelompok uji menggunakan single file rotasi kontinyu dengan resiprokal. Simpulan: Instrumen single file rotasi kontinyu dan resiprokal, berpotensi menyebabkan ekstrusi debri dan E.faecalis, namun tidak ditemui perbedaan bermakna pada jumlah ekstrusi debri dan E.faecalis di antara kedua gerakan tersebut.

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Background: Root canal preparation potentially cause extrusion of necrotic debris and intracanal bacteria which lead to inflammation in periapical tissue. The preparation technique, file design, and irrigation techniques influences the risk of debris and bacterial extrusion. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of rotating and reciprocating single file on debris and E.faecalis extrusion.Method: Thirty-two mandibular premolars, single roots randomly contaminated with E.faecalis bacterial isolates into the root canal, then divided into two groups. The root canals were prepared using rotating single file (One Curve) and reciprocating single file (Reciproc Blue). Myers and Montogomery models are used to collect debri and bacterial extrusions. The amount of debris extrusion is known from the difference of the debris tubes weight before and after instrumentation. While E.faecalis extrusion is known by identification of blue-green colonies on selective chromagar media. Non parametric test like Mann Whitney test and categorical comparative test were applied to determine the significant difference among the group. Results: There was no significant difference between debris extrusion (p = 0.513) and the percentage of E.faecalis extrusion (p = 0.479) among the group using rotating and reciprocating single file. Conclusions: In this study, both rotating and reciprocating single file system used resulted in some debris and E.faecalis extrusion, but there were no significant differences in the number of debris and E.faecalis extrusion between the instrumentation."

"Kebocoran mikro resin komposit proksimal seringkali terjadi pada dinding gingiva. Tujuan studi ini mengevaluasi efek komposit flowable sebagai lapisan antara untuk mengurangi kebocoran mikro pada dinding ginigva. Metode: 30 gigi premolar RA dipreparasi berbentuk boks, restorasi dilakukan pada kelompok 1 dengan resin komposit packable saja (kontrol). Kelompok 2 dengan RK flowable sebagai lapisan antara, setebal 1 mm dan komposit packable di atasnya. Kelompok 3, seperti kelompok 2 namun RK flowable sebagai lapisan antara setebal 2 mm. Setelah dilakukan siklus termal, kebocoran mikro diukur dari penetrasi zat warna metilen biru 1%. Analisis statistik dengan uji Kolmogorov-smirnov. Hasil: Kebocoran mikro pada kelompok 1 berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok 2 dan 3. Namun tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kelompok 2 dan 3 (p<0.05). Kesimpulan : Tingkat kebocoran mikro dinding gingiva paling sedikit pada restorasi RK proksimal dengan aplikasi RK flowable pengganti dentin setebal 1 mm namun, ketebalannya tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap tingkat kebocoran mikro secara statistik.

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Microleakage of composite restoration in proximal often occurs on gingival wall. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of flowable composite as intermediate layer to reduce microleakage on gingival wall. Materials and Method: Thirty whole-extracted upper premolars were devided into 3 groups. Within a box-like cavities, the first group is restored with packable composite only. Group 2 were restored with flowable composite with 1 mm thickness then restored with incrementally packable composite. Group 3 were restored like group two with flowable composite thickness were 2mm. After thermocycling, the penetration of 1% methylene blue was investigated along the gingival wall. The data were analyzed with Kolmogorov-smirnov test. Results: There were significant difference between group 1 with group 2 and 3. No significant difference found between Group 2 and Group 3. Conclusion: Flowable composite as intermediate layer has influence in reducing the microleakage of gingival wall on proximal composite restoration. Nonetheless the thickness of flowable composite has no influence."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penggunaan gutaperca yang dipanaskan menghasilkan adaptasiyang baik dan material obturasi yang homogen. Teknik kompaksi lateral panasmenggabungkan kon gutaperca utama dan aksesoris menjadi satu massa homogenyang solid. Teknik carrier-based gutta-percha memiliki seal dan adaptasi yangbaik. Teknik downpack-backfill mengkombinasikan teknik kompaksi vertikal daninjeksi termoplastis. Tujuan: Membandingkan adaptasi tepi sepertiga apikalapeks antara teknik kompaksi lateral panas, carrier-based gutta-percha, dandownpack-backfill. Metode: Preparasi saluran akar pada 90 gigi saluran akartunggal dan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kompaksi lateral panas (KLP),carrier-based gutta-percha (T), dan downpack-backfill (DB). Adaptasi tepisepertiga apikal apeks ditentukan dengan melihat penetrasi pewarna di antaramaterial obturasi dan dinding dentin pada sampel yang dipotong melintang. Hasil:Adaptasi tepi sepertiga apikal apeks DB paling baik, diikuti T dan KLP (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: Adaptasi tepi sepertiga apikal apeks teknik downpack-backfillpaling baik, namun tidak berbeda bermakna.

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ABSTRACTBackground: The use of heated gutta-percha can provide good adaptation andhomogeneity of obturation material. Warm lateral compaction techniquecombines primary and accessory gutta-percha cones into one solid homogeneousmass. Carrier-based gutta-percha technique has a good adaptation and sealingability. Downpack-backfill technique combines warm vertical compaction andthermoplastic injection techniques. Aim: Compare the apical third marginaladaptation of warm lateral compaction, carrier-based gutta-percha, anddownpack-backfill techniques. Methods: Ninety single rooted teeth were preparedand assigned to three groups: warm lateral compaction (KLP), carrier-basedgutta-percha (T), and downpack-backfill (DB). Apical third marginal adaptationwas evaluated by observing the dye penetration between the obturation materialand the root canal walls on cross sectioned samples. Results: DB showed the bestapical third marginal adaptation, followed by T and KLP (p>0,05). Conclusion:Downpack-backfill technique has the best apical third marginal adaptation, butno significant difference was observed between the three techniques."

"Latar belakang: Ekstrak Biji Anggur (EBA) mengandung Proanthosianidin yang efektif sebagai agen antibakteri. Biofilm adalah komunitas mikrobialmultiseluler yang terdiri atas sel-sel yang berlekatan dan dapat membentuk matriks ekstraselular polisakarida. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemampuan antibakteri larutan EBA terhadap biofilm E.faecalis. Metoda: E.faecalis ATCC 29212 dibuat dalam bentuk biofilm dengan cara diinokulasi diatas membran filter selulosa nitrat steril yang diletakkan di atas BHIA dandiinkubasi pada suhu 37oC selama 72 jam pada keadaan aerob. Kemudian dipapar dengan PBS (kontrol), larutan EBA, dan larutan Klorheksidin 2% masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 3 tabung. Setiap tabung ditambahkan PMA dan analisis DNA E.faecalis menggunakan RT-PCR. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji non parametrik Kruskal Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil: Larutan EBA memiliki kemampuan antibakteri terhadap biofilm E.faecalis. Apabila antar kelompok dibandingkan maka kemampuan antibakteri antar kelompok mempunyai nilai yang berbeda bermakna. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak Biji Anggur (EBA) memiliki kemampuan antibakteri terhadap biofilm E. faecalis.

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Background: Grape Seed Extract contains Proanthosianidin which proven to be effective as antimicrobial agent. Biofilm is defined as multicelular microbial community, consist of cells attached to others and produce polisacharide extracelullar matrix. The aim of this study is to investigate antibacterial efficacy of grape seed extract againts E.faecalis biofilm.

Method: E.faecalis ATCC 29212 strain was prepared in biofilmform using sterile nitrate selulose membrane, incubated on BHIA media at 37oC for 72 h. Each membrane contain E.faecalis biofilm was added to 3 tubes of PBS (control), 3 tubes of Grape Seed Extract, and 3 tubes of Clorhexidine 2%. The value of viable DNA cells was measured using RT-PCR. The data was analyzed statistically using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test.

Result: Grape Seed Extract has antibacterial efficacy againts E.faecalis biofilm. The difference between all groups were statistically significant.

Conclusion: Grape Seed Extract has antibacterial efficacy againts E.faecalis Biofilm."