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"[ABSTRAKStaphylococcus spp. peragi manitol merupakan flora normal kulit terbanyak dan sering bersifat multiresisten, serta dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab healthcare associated infection (HAI). Di Indonesia, data mengenai Staphylococcus spp. peragi manitol yang resisten metisilin belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bersifat retrospektif untuk mengetahui pola kepekaan dan karakteristik genotipik (mecA dan tipe SCCmec I-V) flora normal Staphylococcus spp peragi manitol yang diisolasi dari pasien ICU Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSUPNCM) tahun 2011, 2013 dan 2014. Dari 187 isolat, 15% di antaranya merupakan methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) yang sebagian besar resisten terhadap gentamisin (64,3%), klindamisin (50%), golongan fluorokuinolon (64,3-71,4%) dan tetrasiklin (57,1%). Sedangkan 55,6% merupakan Staphylococcus koagulase negatif resisten metisilin (MR-CoNS) yang sebagian besar resisten terhadap gentamisin (55%), fluorokuinolon (62,5-88,5%), eritromisin (91,3%), klindamisin (75%) dan rifampisin (82,7%). Resisten metisilin pada MRSA hampir semuanya disebabkan oleh gen mecA (96,4%), sedangkan pada MR-CoNS, gen mecA ditemukan pada 76,9% isolat. Tipe SCCmec yang paling banyak ditemukan pada kedua kelompok yaitu SCCmec tipe I. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar Staphylococcus spp. peragi manitol yang merupakan flora normal pasien yang dirawat di ICU RSUPNCM, merupakan pembawa gen mecA. Surveilens berkelanjutan dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan perubahan pola kepekaan dan pencegahan transmisi di fasilitas kesehatan.

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ABSTRACTStaphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters are the most abundant skin normal flora. It is frequently resistant to many drugs and could become one of the causes of the healthcare associated infection (HAI). There is no data about Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters in Indonesia yet. In this restrospective study we aim to identify the susceptibility patterns and genotypic characteristics (mecA gene and SCCmec type I-V) of normal flora Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters isolated from Intensive Care Unit patients of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during 2011, 2013 and 2014. This study found that 15% of 187 isolates were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and mostly resistant to gentamycin (64,3%), clindamycin (50%), fluoroquinolone (64,3-71,4%) and tetracycline (57,1%). While 55,6% of the isolates were methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MR-CoNS) and mostly resistant to gentamycin (55%), fluoroquinolone (62,5-88,5%), erithromycin (91,3%), clindamycin (75%) and rifampicin (82,7%). Methicillin-resistant on almost MRSA, carried mecA gene (96.4%), while in the MR-CoNS, mecA gene was found in 76.9% of all isolates. The most common SCCmec type found was SCCmec type I. Thus, mecA gene carrier Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters were found as normal flora in intensive care patients of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Continuous surveillance is however, necessary to determine the tendency of changing susceptibility patterns and transmission prevention in health facilities.;Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters are the most abundant skin normal flora. It is frequently resistant to many drugs and could become one of the causes of the healthcare associated infection (HAI). There is no data about Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters in Indonesia yet. In this restrospective study we aim to identify the susceptibility patterns and genotypic characteristics (mecA gene and SCCmec type I-V) of normal flora Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters isolated from Intensive Care Unit patients of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during 2011, 2013 and 2014. This study found that 15% of 187 isolates were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and mostly resistant to gentamycin (64,3%), clindamycin (50%), fluoroquinolone (64,3-71,4%) and tetracycline (57,1%). While 55,6% of the isolates were methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MR-CoNS) and mostly resistant to gentamycin (55%), fluoroquinolone (62,5-88,5%), erithromycin (91,3%), clindamycin (75%) and rifampicin (82,7%). Methicillin-resistant on almost MRSA, carried mecA gene (96.4%), while in the MR-CoNS, mecA gene was found in 76.9% of all isolates. The most common SCCmec type found was SCCmec type I. Thus, mecA gene carrier Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters were found as normal flora in intensive care patients of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Continuous surveillance is however, necessary to determine the tendency of changing susceptibility patterns and transmission prevention in health facilities.;Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters are the most abundant skin normal flora. It is frequently resistant to many drugs and could become one of the causes of the healthcare associated infection (HAI). There is no data about Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters in Indonesia yet. In this restrospective study we aim to identify the susceptibility patterns and genotypic characteristics (mecA gene and SCCmec type I-V) of normal flora Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters isolated from Intensive Care Unit patients of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during 2011, 2013 and 2014. This study found that 15% of 187 isolates were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and mostly resistant to gentamycin (64,3%), clindamycin (50%), fluoroquinolone (64,3-71,4%) and tetracycline (57,1%). While 55,6% of the isolates were methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MR-CoNS) and mostly resistant to gentamycin (55%), fluoroquinolone (62,5-88,5%), erithromycin (91,3%), clindamycin (75%) and rifampicin (82,7%). Methicillin-resistant on almost MRSA, carried mecA gene (96.4%), while in the MR-CoNS, mecA gene was found in 76.9% of all isolates. The most common SCCmec type found was SCCmec type I. Thus, mecA gene carrier Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters were found as normal flora in intensive care patients of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Continuous surveillance is however, necessary to determine the tendency of changing susceptibility patterns and transmission prevention in health facilities., Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters are the most abundant skin normal flora. It is frequently resistant to many drugs and could become one of the causes of the healthcare associated infection (HAI). There is no data about Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters in Indonesia yet. In this restrospective study we aim to identify the susceptibility patterns and genotypic characteristics (mecA gene and SCCmec type I-V) of normal flora Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters isolated from Intensive Care Unit patients of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during 2011, 2013 and 2014. This study found that 15% of 187 isolates were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and mostly resistant to gentamycin (64,3%), clindamycin (50%), fluoroquinolone (64,3-71,4%) and tetracycline (57,1%). While 55,6% of the isolates were methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococcus (MR-CoNS) and mostly resistant to gentamycin (55%), fluoroquinolone (62,5-88,5%), erithromycin (91,3%), clindamycin (75%) and rifampicin (82,7%). Methicillin-resistant on almost MRSA, carried mecA gene (96.4%), while in the MR-CoNS, mecA gene was found in 76.9% of all isolates. The most common SCCmec type found was SCCmec type I. Thus, mecA gene carrier Staphylococcus spp. mannitol fermenters were found as normal flora in intensive care patients of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Continuous surveillance is however, necessary to determine the tendency of changing susceptibility patterns and transmission prevention in health facilities.]"

"ABSTRAKInfeksi dengue (DENV) merupakan salah satu penyakit endemik di daerah tropis dan subtropis yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue melalui vektor nyamuk dari genus Aedes, khususnya oleh Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Hingga saat ini belum ada pengobatan yang efektif untuk mengatasi infeksi dengue. Salah satu pengobatan baru yang dibutuhkan bersifat antivirus yang dapat menghambat aktivitas enzim yang berperan dalam replikasi di dalam tubuh. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian dari senyawa asam galat dan enam turunannya (benzil-, propil, dialil-, alil-, etil-, dan salisil galat) secara in vitro pada sel Huh7it-1 dengan DENV2 dan secara in silico dengan docking protein-ligan terhadap strain NGC dan 251 sekuens NS5 pada GenBank (NS5 konsensus). Salisil galat merupakan kandidat paling potensial secara in vitro (IC50: 12,18 μg/ mL, CC50: 259,35 μg/ mL, SI: 21,30) dan in silico (S: -16,793 kkal/ mol, pKi 3,344 μM). Propil galat dan etil galat ditemukan potensial secara in vitro (untuk propil galat, IC50: 13,19 μg/ mL, CC50: 241,85 μg/ mL, SI: 18,33; untuk etil galat, IC50: 14,39 μg/ mL, CC50: 185,60 μg/ mL, SI: 7,24), namun secara in silico paling rendah nilainya (untuk propil galat, nilai S: -11,908 kkal/mol, pKi 5,771 μM; untuk etil galat, nilai S: -5,513 kkal/mol, pKi 4,974 μM). Melalui docking pada sekuens konsesus NS5 diketahui, setiap jenis asam galat potensial tersebut dapat berikatan dengan masing-masing GLU715, LYS668, ASN701, THR584; ARG472, ASP663, ARG207; dan LYS139, ARG207. Secara keseluruhan, turunan asam galat hasil modifikasi memberikan hasil lebih baik dibandingkan dengan senyawa aslinya

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ABSTRACTDengue infection (DENV) is an endemic disease in tropical and subtropical regions caused by dengue virus that is transmitted by mosquitos of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Currently, there is no effective treatment to overcome dengue infection. As alternative, a new approach of drug is needed by targeting inhibition of enzyme activity that responsible for viral replication. In this research examined synthetic gallic acid and its six derivatives (benzyl-, propyl, diallyl-, allyl-, ethyl-, and salicyl gallate) through in vitro in Huh7it-1 with DENV2 and in silico with protein-ligand docking against 251 sequences NS5 in GenBank. Salicyl gallate was the best candidate in in vitro analysis (IC50: 12,18 μg/ mL, CC50: 259,35 μg/ mL, SI: 21,30) and in in silico analysis (S: -16,739 kkal/ mol, pKi 3,344 μM). Propyl- and ethyl gallate were showed potential in in vitro (for propyl gallate, IC50: 13,19 μg/ mL, CC50: 241,85 μg/ mL, SI: 18,33; for ethyl gallate, IC50: 14,39 μg/ mL, CC50: 185,60 μg/ mL, SI: 7,24), however showed lowest scoring in in silico (for propyl gallate, S score: -11,908 kkal/mol, pKi 5,771μM; for ethyl gallate, S score: -5,513 kkal/mol, pKi 4,974μM). Using docking, each of potential gallic acid types above was able to bind to GLU715, LYS668, ASN701, THR584; ARG472, ASP663, ARG207; dan LYS139, ARG207. Overall, derivatives gallic acid modified was showed better result rather than original compound"

"Pendahuluan: Pasien yang dirawat di ICU berisiko tinggi terserang kandidiasis invasif. Pemberian antijamur empirik dini dapat memperbaiki kondisi klinis pasien dan menurunkan angka kematian. Candida Score dari Leon mempunyai sensitifitas dan spesifisitas yang baik untuk menggolongkan pasien ICU yang memang benar membutuhkan terapi empirik antijamur. Penelitian ini menganalisis kesesuaian kriteria Candida Score dan hasil kultur darah dengan pemberian antijamur pada pasien sepsis di ICU RSCM.Metodologi: Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada pasien sepsis di ICU RSCM pada Maret 2015-Oktober 2015. Dilakukan kultur pada spesimen darah, urin, dan sekret saluran nafas, selanjutnya dibiakkan. Karakteristik pasien dan riwayat klinisnya dicatat. Candida Score dihitung pada setiap pasien kemudian diuji asosiasinya dengan terapi yang didapatkan.Hasil: Dari 100 pasien 57 pasien mendapatkan antijamur. Proporsi pasien yang mendapat antijamur yaitu 50 , 17 , 57 , 83 , dan 100 pada kelompok pasien dengan Candida score 0-4 berturut-turut. Dalam penelitian ini tidak kami dapatkan pasien dengan Candida score=5. Hasil kultur darah positif Candida didapatkan pada 4 orang pasien dengan angka kematian sebesar 100 . Tiga pasien kandidemia dengan Candida score >3 mendapatkan antijamur setelah hasil kultur darah positif Candida.Kesimpulan: Terdapat asosiasi bermakna antara kriteria Candida score dengan pemberian antijamur pada pasien sepsis di ICU RSCM p3 tidak mendapatkan terapi empirik.

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Introduction Prompt empirical antifungal therapy is essential for controling invasive candidiasis and has been shown to reduce mortality. Candida Score, established by Leon, has a good sensitivity and specivicity to distinguish critically ill patients whose invasive candidiasis is highly probable. This study analyzed the conformity between candida score criteria and blood culture results with the antifungal administration in patients with sepsis at the ICU of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital RSCMMethods A cross sectional study was conducted from March October 2015 at the ICU of RSCM. Critically ill patients who exhibited sepsis were included in this study. The urine, blood, and respiratory secrete were collected and were cultured in the microbiology laboratory. Each patient rsquo s characteristics and medical history were also recorded. The candida score was calculated and then tested for their association with treatment obtained.Results Of the 100 patients, 57 patients received antifungal therapy, with the proportion of 50 , 17 , 57 , 83 , and 100 in the patients group broken by the Candida Score of 0 to 4 respectively. There rsquo s no patient with Candida Score of 5. Candida positive blood culture results candidaemia were observed in 4 patients, with a mortality rate of 100 . Three of which had the score of 3 but received antifungal therapy after the positive blood culture results were obtained.Conclusion There is a significant association between Candida Score criteria with antifungal administration in septic patients in the ICU of RSCM p 3 did not get empiric antifungal therapy. "