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Abstrak :
[Disertasi ini membahas Representasi Al Qaeda, Strategi naratif Lawrence Wright dalam Narasi Apologi The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 911. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menunjukkan strategi naratif yang membangun representasi Al Qaeda dan memperlihatkan aspek retorika (pathos, ethos, logos) yang mengonstruksi apologi melalui pendekatan representasi Stuart Hall dan retorika Kenneth Burke. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Al Qaeda direpresentasikan sebagai sebuah identitas yang ambigu melalui representasi tokoh-tokoh serta tindakan-tindakan mereka: di satu pihak TLT membela dan memperlihatkan upaya pemahaman dengan menyampaikan sebab-sebab tindakan radikal, di pihak lain mengukuhkan citra Islam yang negatif seperti dimitoskan oleh Barat. Representasi identitas Al Qaeda juga dikonstruksi oleh sikap-sikap AS melalui kebijakan terhadap Timur Tengah dan dunia Muslim. Aspek retorika menimbulkan empati dan menyampaikan alasan-alasan yang melatarbelakangi tindakan Al Qaeda sehingga teks ini terlihat membela Al Qaeda. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa TLT merupakan narasi apologi yang juga ditunjang oleh teknik jurnalisme sastrawi, dan menampilkan “kenyataan” dengan memberikan “suara” pada tokoh-tokoh marjinal sehingga memberikan kesan nyata yang berdampak pada semakin dekatnya jarak antara teks dengan pembaca. Apologi dalam TLT ditunjukkan pula oleh representasi tokoh-tokoh sebagai korban dalam alur pengkhianatan, dehumanisasi, dan penghinaan terhadap tokoh oleh penguasa Mesir dan AS. Namun demikian, dalam TLT ditemukan pula bias ideologi pengarang sebagai orang Amerika yang terlihat dari penggunaan jargonjargon Barat dalam mendefinisikan Islam dan Al Qaeda dari perspektif Barat.;This dissertation discusses the Representation of Al Qaeda and Narrative Strategies in Lawrence Wright's Narrative Apologetic, The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. The purpose of this study is to show narrative strategies in the representation of Al Qaeda and rhetorical aspects (pathos, ethos, logos) in constructing aspects of apology by using representation theory of Stuart Hall and Kenneth Burke's rhetoric. The results show that Al Qaeda represented as a complex identity in the representation of the characters and their actions: on the one hand TLT defends Al Qaeda by understanding the causes of radical actions, on the other hand it confirms the negative image of Islam in the Western myth. The identity of Al Qaeda is also constructed by the United States policies towards the Middle East and the Muslim world. Aspects of rhetoric raise empathy and convey the reasons behind the actions of Al Qaeda so that the text tends to defend Al Qaeda. The narrative apologetic in TLT is supported by literary journalism techniques, portraying the "reality" by giving "voice" to the marginalized figures that give a real impression in proximity between the text and the reader. The aspects of apology in TLT are also indicated by the representation of the characters as victims in the plot of betrayal, dehumanization, and humiliation by the Egyptian and the United States authorities. Nevertheless, The author's ideological bias as an American is revealed in the use of western jargon in defining Islam and Al Qaeda from a Western perspective, This dissertation discusses the Representation of Al Qaeda and Narrative Strategies in Lawrence Wright's Narrative Apologetic, The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. The purpose of this study is to show narrative strategies in the representation of Al Qaeda and rhetorical aspects (pathos, ethos, logos) in constructing aspects of apology by using representation theory of Stuart Hall and Kenneth Burke's rhetoric. The results show that Al Qaeda represented as a complex identity in the representation of the characters and their actions: on the one hand TLT defends Al Qaeda by understanding the causes of radical actions, on the other hand it confirms the negative image of Islam in the Western myth. The identity of Al Qaeda is also constructed by the United States policies towards the Middle East and the Muslim world. Aspects of rhetoric raise empathy and convey the reasons behind the actions of Al Qaeda so that the text tends to defend Al Qaeda. The narrative apologetic in TLT is supported by literary journalism techniques, portraying the "reality" by giving "voice" to the marginalized figures that give a real impression in proximity between the text and the reader. The aspects of apology in TLT are also indicated by the representation of the characters as victims in the plot of betrayal, dehumanization, and humiliation by the Egyptian and the United States authorities. Nevertheless, The author's ideological bias as an American is revealed in the use of western jargon in defining Islam and Al Qaeda from a Western perspective]