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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Di daerah penelitian dan sekitarnya, reservoir karbonat pada Formasi Kujung adalah salah satu target eksplorasi. Salah satu syarat batuan karbonat sebagai reservoir yaitu harus mempunyai porositas dan permeabilitas yang baik agar mampu menyimpan dan mengalirkan hidrokarbon. Semakin besar angka porositas berarti pori-pori di dalam batuan tersebut semakin banyak, selain itu pori-pori yang saling terkoneksi akan meningkatkan permeabilitas batuan. Pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai porositas pada batuan karbonat dan penyebarannya sangat penting dalam eksplorasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan indentifikasi sebaran porositas Formasi Kujung I dengan metode penerapan aplikasi atribut pada data seismik 3D yang meliputi inversi, anttrack serta spectral decomposition. Berdasarkan penerapan atribut seismik tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa pada zona target porositas berkembang baik, selain itu ditemukan adanya fenomena low frequency shadow zone yang dapat digunakan sebagai indicator hidrokarbon pada zona target tersebut. Dengan adanya dua parameter yaitu porositas serta indikator hidrokarbon, pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa zona target sangat potensial sebagai reservoar yang mengandung hidrokarbon dan dapat dikembangkan sebagai target eksplorasi.

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ABSTRACT
Study area and its surroundings, carbonate reservoir of Kujung Formation is one of the exploration target. The requirements of carbonate rock as a reservoir is must have a good porosity and permeability. Higher number of porosity it is mean there are lot of the pores in the rock, and also interconnected lot of pores will be increased permeability. So the carbonate rock with good porosity and permeability will be able to store and flow hydrocarbons. Knowledge and understanding of porosity in carbonate rocks and the distribution is very important in exploration. In this research, the identification of the distribution of porosity Kujung I Formation is using seismic attribute method. The seismic attribute application on the 3D seismic data covering the inversion, ant - track as well as the spectral decomposition. The final result of applied seismic attributes, concluded that the porosity of the target zone is well developed. The study also found the phenomenon of low frequency shadow in the target zone that could be as an indicator of hydrocarbons. With two parameters, porosity and hydrocarbon indicators, the study summarized that the target zone is a potential reservoir with hydrocarbons possibility and could be developed as an exploration target

Abstrak :
[Usaha untuk mendapatkan data seismik yang baik serta interpretasi seismik dari data eksisting pada suatu lapangan yang mempunyai struktur kompleks relatif sukar untuk dilakukan. Pembuatan model ideal untuk parameter seismik dengan menggunakan Forward Modelling diharapkan mampu untuk membuat hubungan antara kompleksitas struktur dengan data seismik yang dihasilkan. Hasil dari pembuatan Forward Modelling yang dilakukan dibandingkan dengan data real menunjukkan bahwa response seismik pada zone prospek menunjukkan trend yang sama, dimana pada zona yang mengalami struktur geologi yang kompleks, response seismik kurang bagus. Hasil pengurangan trace data real versus synthetic pada lintasan UT88-520 dan UT88-535 masih menunjukkan residu yang cukup besar, sebagai akibat dari kompleksitas struktur geologi lapangan Tiaka. Hasil Forward Modelling dapat dijadikan sebagai pembanding dan validasi hasil seismik yang diharapkan untuk mendapatkan model seismik yang dapat menjadi acuan pada saat akuisisi seismik, agar didapatkan data seismik yang lebih baik. ......The effort to get good seismic data from very complex geological structure is very difficult; such as the case for interpreting the existing data. Ideal modeling for seismic survey using Forward Modeling hopefully can explain the correlativity between geological structural complexities and the seismic result that we get. The main result of this study show us that comparison between Forward Modeling against Real Data indicate that the trend of seismic response in prospect zone/target zone almost similar, while the seismic response in fracture zone is not clear. Subtractions results between real data against synthetic in line UT88-520 and UT88-535 still give significant remain, indicate that structural geology in Tiaka Field is very complex. The Modeling result can be use as the ideal result and can be use as validation/comparable result to get the certain model and can become reference for seismic acquisition.;The effort to get good seismic data from very complex geological structure is very difficult; such as the case for interpreting the existing data. Ideal modeling for seismic survey using Forward Modeling hopefully can explain the correlativity between geological structural complexities and the seismic result that we get. The main result of this study show us that comparison between Forward Modeling against Real Data indicate that the trend of seismic response in prospect zone/target zone almost similar, while the seismic response in fracture zone is not clear. Subtractions results between real data against synthetic in line UT88-520 and UT88-535 still give significant remain, indicate that structural geology in Tiaka Field is very complex. The Modeling result can be use as the ideal result and can be use as validation/comparable result to get the certain model and can become reference for seismic acquisition.;The effort to get good seismic data from very complex geological structure is very difficult; such as the case for interpreting the existing data. Ideal modeling for seismic survey using Forward Modeling hopefully can explain the correlativity between geological structural complexities and the seismic result that we get. The main result of this study show us that comparison between Forward Modeling against Real Data indicate that the trend of seismic response in prospect zone/target zone almost similar, while the seismic response in fracture zone is not clear. Subtractions results between real data against synthetic in line UT88-520 and UT88-535 still give significant remain, indicate that structural geology in Tiaka Field is very complex. The Modeling result can be use as the ideal result and can be use as validation/comparable result to get the certain model and can become reference for seismic acquisition., The effort to get good seismic data from very complex geological structure is very difficult; such as the case for interpreting the existing data. Ideal modeling for seismic survey using Forward Modeling hopefully can explain the correlativity between geological structural complexities and the seismic result that we get. The main result of this study show us that comparison between Forward Modeling against Real Data indicate that the trend of seismic response in prospect zone/target zone almost similar, while the seismic response in fracture zone is not clear. Subtractions results between real data against synthetic in line UT88-520 and UT88-535 still give significant remain, indicate that structural geology in Tiaka Field is very complex. The Modeling result can be use as the ideal result and can be use as validation/comparable result to get the certain model and can become reference for seismic acquisition.]

Abstrak :
Studi pengembangan studi tentang reservoar hidrokarbon merupakan suatu kajian untuk mengetahui karakteristik reservoar, yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk beberapa hal, salah satunya untuk memperhitungkan cadangan hidrokarbon dari suatu area penghasil migas. Berdasar pada informasi yang didapat, baik data geologi setempat, data survey seismik, data sumur pemboran, dan beberapa parameter lainnya yang kemudian dapat menjadi satu kesatuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari suatu reservoar. Pada studi telah dilakukan pemodelan litofasies yang di konstrain dengan hasil inversi impedansi akustik pada lapangan "X" Cekungan Kutai. Hasil analisis sensitivitas menunjukan batupasir memiliki nilai impedansi akustik 4500-6500 (m/s)*(g/cc). Pemodelan litofasies dilakukan dengan memasukan hasil inversi impedansi akustik didapatkan hasil persebaran batupasir pada arah barat-timur dari area penelitian.

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Development study of hydrocarbon reservoar is study to understand the characteristic of reservoar, that will be used for several purposes. One of the aspects is to calculate the hydrocarbon reserve from oil and gas field. By Integrations among information from geological data, seismic survey, wellbore data and other parameter we can get the characteristic from reservoar. Lithofacies modeling constrained by seismic inversion has been done on "X" field, Kutai Basin. Sensitivity analysis shows that sandstone has acoustic impedance value 4500-6500 (m/s)*(g/cc). Lithofacies modeling constrained by seismic inversion shows sandstone distribution to the west-east.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Formasi Toolachee memiliki penyebaran yang sangat luas di Cekungan Cooper. Padahal ketebalan Formasi Toolachee tidaklah begitu tebal dengan rata-rata ketebalan berkisar hingga 300 m. Proses sedimentasi Fm. Toolachee secara regional berupa fluvial (meandering) dengan urutan batuan berupa batupasir, batulempung, batulanau, dan batubara. Batupasir Fm. Toolachee memiliki porositas yang sedang hingga bagus, sehingga dapat bertindak sebagai reservoir yang terbukti mengalirkan gas pada Sumur Meranji-1. Dengan asumsi bahwa penyebaran Fm. Toolachee luas dan terendapkan di semua daerah penelitian, seharusnya ditemukan juga kandungan hidrokarbon pada dua sumur lainnya, yaitu Cooba-1 dan Pelican-5. Kenyataannya, Cooba-1 dan Pelican-5 tidak ditemukan kehadiran hidrokarbon, sekalipun Fm. Toolachee masih terbentuk disana. Hipotesis yang diangkat adalah bahwa ada kontrol stratigrafi yang berpengaruh terhadap akumulasi hidrokarbon pada Fm. Toolachee. Dari hasil analisis sumur dan seismik yang dibantu dengan atribut seismik dan inversi seismik ditemukan adanya perubahan fasies pada zona reservoir di Meranji-1. Zona reservoir terlihat tidak memiliki kemenerusan antara Meranji-1, Cooba-1 dan Pelican-5. Penelitian ini menghasilkan penyebaran fasies secara lateral dan vertikal pada Fm. Toolachee. Oleh karena itu, sumur-sumur selanjutnya diharapkan mengikuti pola penyebaran fluvial dari batupasir zona target.

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ABSTRACT
Toolachee Fm has widespread deposition which is formed widely in Cooper Basin. Although, Toolachee Fm is thin bed formation with thickness averaging 300-400m only. Sedimentation process in Toolachee Fm is controlled by fluvial system which is formed in meandering depositional environment with lithology consists of sandstone, shale, siltstone, and coal. Sandstone of Toolachee Fm has moderate to good porosity, therefor it can act as reservoir which is proven by flowing gas in Meranji-1 well. Based on assumption of widespread depositional of Toolachee Fm, hydrocarbon accumulation shall be found in two wells, Cooba-1 and Pelican-5. In fact, Cooba-1 and Pelican-5 do not encounter significant hydrocarbon in Toolachee Fm. Hypotehsis were made that stratigraphy has an important influence of hydrocarbon accumulation in Toolachee Fm. Study result, from integrated study well and seismic interpretation which is supported by seismic stratigraphy, attribute seismic and seismic inversion, show facies change in Toolachee resulting truncated sand body. This study produces a comprehensive facies distribution both laterally and vertically. Therefor, next well should be drilled along channel geometry, Toolachee Fm has widespread deposition which is formed widely in Cooper Basin. Although, Toolachee Fm is thin bed formation with thickness averaging 300-400m only. Sedimentation process in Toolachee Fm is controlled by fluvial system which is formed in meandering depositional environment with lithology consists of sandstone, shale, siltstone, and coal. Sandstone of Toolachee Fm has moderate to good porosity, therefor it can act as reservoir which is proven by flowing gas in Meranji-1 well. Based on assumption of widespread depositional of Toolachee Fm, hydrocarbon accumulation shall be found in two wells, Cooba-1 and Pelican-5. In fact, Cooba-1 and Pelican-5 do not encounter significant hydrocarbon in Toolachee Fm. Hypotehsis were made that stratigraphy has an important influence of hydrocarbon accumulation in Toolachee Fm. Study result, from integrated study well and seismic interpretation which is supported by seismic stratigraphy, attribute seismic and seismic inversion, show facies change in Toolachee resulting truncated sand body. This study produces a comprehensive facies distribution both laterally and vertically. Therefor, next well should be drilled along channel geometry]

Abstrak :
Peristiwa semburan pemboran merupakan masalah serius yang diakibatkan tekanan formasi yang tinggi. Prediksi tekanan formasi diperlukan untuk merancang berat jenis lumpur dan kedalaman casing yang tepat agar tidak terjadi masalah akibat tekanan formasi yang tinggi. Selain itu, optimalisasi lokasi sumur juga dapat dilakukan sebelum pemboran dengan bantuan prediksi tekanan formasi. Studi ini mengintegrasikan hasil pengolahan dan analisa dari data sumur dengan data seismik dengan menggunakan beberapa teknik untuk mendapatkan model kecepatan yang sesuai untuk analisa prediksi tekanan pori. Model kecepatan yang dilakukan adalah pemodelan dari yang didapatkan dengan beberapa metode, yang meliputi: dix-velocity inversion, model kecepatan dari data checkshot dan post-stack impedance inversion. Selanjutnya, ketiga hasil kecepatan tersebut dikombinasikan untuk memperoleh model kecepatan dengan resolusi tinggi yang sesuai untuk mendapatkan model 3 Dimensi dari tekanan pori. Hasil prediksi tekanan pori memperlihatkan penyebaran dari zona Overpressure pada zona Deep khususnya zona Transisi dimana tekanan mulai naik dari tekanan normal ke tekanan yang tinggi yang terlihat pada marker R28-3 ke R29. Penyebaran zona tersebut hanya berada di sekitar sumur AL-9-B yang memang terbukti ditemukan zona Overpressure. Penyebaran ini menjadi penting untuk membantu dalam program pengeboran di daerah ALIA terutama dengan target reservoir di zona Transisi.

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Kick or Blow out is a serious problems during drilling which is caused by Pore Pressure. Therefore a quantitative predrill prediction of pore pressure is urgently needed for anticipating this problem by setting the drilling mud weight, casing design. Optimization of well location could be done with this Pore Pressure Prediction. Building a reliable pore pressure cube from velocity to pore pressure transform over the entire ALIA Field will achieve the target. Study uses an integrated geological and geophysical technique for pore pressure prediction, where pore pressure can be transformed by velocity cube that derived from several techniques. It can be from seismic velocity data only (stacking velocity) or check shot data or using AI seismic inversion data. The velocity cube refer to velocity interval. The result will be combined and calibrated to pore pressure from well data to get the high resolution of 3D Pore prediction cube. The Pore Pressure Prediction result shown that Over pressure zone exhibit in below Marker R28-3 Deep Zone Mentawir Formation. The distribution located around AL-9-B well as known as Over pressured Well. This high resolution of 3D Pore prediction cube is giving an important information on distribution of pore pressure, and very useful for drilling design in ALIA Field.

Abstrak :
Lapangan ALIA yang berada di Delta Mahakam, Cekungan Kutai, Kalimantan Timur terdiri lebih dari 550 akumulasi reservoar yang secara struktur saling menumpuk dan terkompartemenkan. Lapangan ini sudah menghasilkan minyak kurang lebih selama 40 tahun. Terdapat lebih dari 400 sumur yang sudah di bor pada lapangan ini. Selama ini eksplorasi mengandalkan data sumur dan baru pada tahun 2011 dilakukan survey seismik 3D. Berdasarkan hasil survey seismik 3D tersebut, tesis ini memanfaatkan data seismik untuk karaktrerisasi reservoar lebih detail dengan menggunakan metode AVO dan Inversi Simultan. Metode AVO dan Inversi Simultan digunakan untuk mengetahui pola dan anomali hidrokarbon dari penampang seismik. Metode ini akan menghasilkan beberapa sifat fisika properti reservoar seperti Impedansi gelombang P, Impedansi Gelombang S, densitas Dn, dan Lamda-rho. Hasil analisa pada lapangan ALIA menunjukan bahwa pada zona reservoar target yaitu Top R0-35 memiliki anomali pada Attribute AVO Intercept/A (-), Gradient/B (-), Product/A*B (+). Selain zona reservoar target, Zona reservoar lain juga memiliki pola anomali yang sama yaitu pada Top Horizon R0-1. Hasil analisa Inversi simultan juga menunjukan bahwa zona reservoar tersebut memiliki anomali hidrokarbon dengan nilai Impedansi P (Zp) antara 2000 - 4000 ms-1gcc-1, nilai Impedansi S (Zs) berkisar antara 900 - 2050 ms-1gcc-1, dan Densitas (Dn) berkisar antara 1.7-2.11 gcc. Lambda Rho juga memiliki anomali yang sama dengan nilai berkisar antara 8.8-14.6 Gpa*g/cc. ......ALIA field is located in Kutai basin, Mahakam Delta East Kalimantan, comprises of over 550 unconnected accumulations/reservoirs in structurally stacked and compartementalized deltaic sands. It has produced oil and gas for 40 years and more than 400 wells have been drilled in the field. Exploration and Development of this field was rely on well data and 3D seismic survey just conducted on 2011. Based on 3D seismic result, this thesis utilize seismic data for reservoar characterization by using AVO analyses and Simultaneous Inversion to get more detail of results. Simultaneous inversion and AVO analyses is novel method in reservoir characterization. The method will produce several physical properties of reservoir such as P-wave Impedance, S-wave Impedance, density, Vp/Vs ratio, Lamda-rho and mu-rho. These physical properties could be used to estimate the type and content of reservoir lithology. Simultaneous AVO inversion needs P-wave sonic log, S-wave sonic log and density as input. Analyses result from ALIA field at reservoar target zone, at Top R0-35 having the anomaly AVO Intercep/ A (-), Gradient B (-) and Product A*B (+). Another reservoar zone also having the same anomaly at Top Horizon R0-1. Simultaneous Inversion result also showed hydrocarbon anomaly with Impedance P (Zp) value around 2000 - 4000 ms-1gcc-1, Impedance S (Zs) around 900 - 2050 ms-1gcc-1, and Density (Dn) around 1.7-2.11 gcc. Lambda Rho showed hydrocarbon anomaly with value around 8.8-14.6 Gpa*g/cc

Abstrak :
[Lapangan Brian terletak pada bagian selatan Delta Mahakam dengan struktur geologi antiklin dengan sesar. Setelah 40 tahun diproduksi, lapangan ini memerlukan strategi pengembangan lapangan yang baru untuk meningkatkan produksi. Zona dangkal merupakan kandidat kuat untuk target produksi selanjutnya. Untuk merencanakan strategi pengembangan lapangan selanjutnya, diperlukan pemahaman karakterisasi reservoir & cadangan estimasi yang baik, penelitian ini mengusulkan metode yang mengintegrasikan geofisika, petrofisika dan pemodelan reservoar. Langkah-langkah penelitian yang telah dilakukan antara lain; 1) rekonstruksi struktur geologi bawah permukaan sebagai referensi pemodelan struktur 3 dimensi, 2) rekonstruksi distribusi facies dan zona prospek hidrokarbon menggunakan atribut RMS dan Analisis AVO, (3) perhitungan volume hidrokarbon. Hasil dari analisis AVO dapat menunjukkan respon gas yang cukup jelas pada reservoar E10-3, selanjutnya peta penyebaran facies batupasir channel di interpretasi dengan menggunakan atribut RMS seismik. Dengan pemodelan numerik reservoar pada reservoar E10-3 didapatkan cadangan gas yang ekonomis. Berdasarkan analisis AVO & pemodelan numerik reservoar, optimalisasi target sumur baru dapat dilakukan pada reservoar E10-3 di kedalaman -1000 mdpl agar dapat meningkatkan produksi hidrokarbon Lapangan Brian khususnya zona dangkal.;Brian Field is located in the southern part of the Mahakam Delta with geological structure of anticline with fault. After 40 years of production, this field requires field development of new strategies to improve production. Shallow Zone is a strong candidate for the next production targets. To plan a strategy of further field development, reservoir characterization and understanding required reserve estimates are good, this study proposes a method that integrates geophysical, petrophysical and reservoir modeling. The steps of research that has been conducted, among others; 1) reconstruction of the subsurface geological structure as the reference for the 3-dimensional modelling, 2) reconstruction of the facies distribution and hydrocarbon prospects Zone using RMS attributes and RMS AVO analysis, (3) calculation of hydrocarbon volumes. The results of the AVO analysis can show quite clearly that the gas response on the E10-3 reservoir, and then channel sandstone facies map distribution interpreted by using RMS seismic attributes. With reservoir numerical modeling in reservoir E10-3, resulting an economical gas reserves. Based on AVO analysis and numerical reservoir modeling, optimization targets new well can be done on Reservoir E10-3 in depth -1000mTVDSS in order to increase the production of hydrocarbons, especially Shallow Zone Brian Fields, Brian Field is located in the southern part of the Mahakam Delta with geological structure of anticline with fault. After 40 years of production, this field requires field development of new strategies to improve production. Shallow Zone is a strong candidate for the next production targets. To plan a strategy of further field development, reservoir characterization and understanding required reserve estimates are good, this study proposes a method that integrates geophysical, petrophysical and reservoir modeling. The steps of research that has been conducted, among others; 1) reconstruction of the subsurface geological structure as the reference for the 3-dimensional modelling, 2) reconstruction of the facies distribution and hydrocarbon prospects Zone using RMS attributes and RMS AVO analysis, (3) calculation of hydrocarbon volumes. The results of the AVO analysis can show quite clearly that the gas response on the E10-3 reservoir, and then channel sandstone facies map distribution interpreted by using RMS seismic attributes. With reservoir numerical modeling in reservoir E10-3, resulting an economical gas reserves. Based on AVO analysis and numerical reservoir modeling, optimization targets new well can be done on Reservoir E10-3 in depth -1000mTVDSS in order to increase the production of hydrocarbons, especially Shallow Zone Brian Fields]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Lapangan-X merupakan lapangan gas di Cekungan Kutai yang dikembangkan sejak tahun 1986. Reservoar lapangan-X merupakan endapan delta Miosen akhir yang berlapis, dimana dikarakterisasikan oleh formasi yang didominasi oleh lempung. Perselingan antara batupasir dan batuserpih menghasilkan heterogenitas porositas yang cukup tinggi. Salah satu metode yang efektif dalam mengatasi tingkat heterogenitas yang tinggi adalah dengan metode Artificial Neural Network (ANN). ANN menggunakan algoritma Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) mampu mendiskriminasikan daerah yang memiliki sebaran porositas yang tinggi dan rendah dengan baik pada zona Fresh Water Sand (FWS) lapangan-X dibanding dengan metode Multiatribut linier yang cenderung merupakan nilai sebaran porositas rata-rata. Nilai korelasi hasil prediksi terhadap target menggunakan metode PNN mencapai 0.8610 dengan rata-rata kesalahan (average error) sebesar 0.0283, sementara nilai korelasi hasil metode Multiatribut linier hanya sebesar 0.7098 dengan rata-rata kesalahan (average error) sebesar 0.0398. Hasil PNN pada sayatan waktu +10 ms dari horizon FS33 berhasil mengkarakterisasikan sebaran porositas batupasir yang bersih dari lempung di bagian selatan daerah penelitian, dimana fasies pengendapan batupasir tersebut diinterpretasikan berasal dari dataran delta. Sementara sayatan waktu -10 ms dari horizon FS42, menunjukan sebaran porositas batugamping dengan fasies pengendapannya diinterpretasikan berasal dari lingkungan neritik (shelf). Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode PNN berhasil menggambarkan sebaran porositas batuan di zona Fresh Water Sand (FWS) lapangan-X dengan baik sehingga hasil prediksi penyebaran yang dilakukan mampu mendekati data- data sumuran.

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ABSTRACT
X-field is a gas field in Kutai Basin and it has been developed since 1986. Reservoir of X-field is a multi layered upper Miocene deltaic deposits and characterized by a shaly formation. A highly intercalation between sand & shale unit in X-field has been contributed to the heterogeneity of porosity in the area. One of the effective methods to spatially quantify such heterogeneity of porosity is by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). ANN with Probability Neural Network (PNN) algorithm has been successfully retained more dynamic range, high and low frequency porosity content, compare to the Multiattributes linear which is tend to show a smoothed, or more averaged prediction. The correlation value from PNN methods can be up to 0.8610 with average error is 0.0283, while correlation value from Multiattribute linear only up to 0.7098 with average error is 0.0398. The time slice of PNN result at +10ms from horizon FS33 has been clearly figured out an accumulation of high porosity in the southern area of the interval target which is indicated as a clean sand lithology based on sensitivity analysis. And such accumulation has formed a distributaries channel trend which is interpreted as delta plain deposits. Meanwhile, the time slice of PNN result at - 10 ms from horizon FS42 has indicated a carbonate lithology which is interpreted as shelf deposits. From this study, it?s concluded that PNN algorithm as a nonlinear function has been successfully showed a better porosity distribution in the Fresh Water Sand (FWS) zone of X-field.;X-field is a gas field in Kutai Basin and it has been developed since 1986. Reservoir of X-field is a multi layered upper Miocene deltaic deposits and characterized by a shaly formation. A highly intercalation between sand & shale unit in X-field has been contributed to the heterogeneity of porosity in the area. One of the effective methods to spatially quantify such heterogeneity of porosity is by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). ANN with Probability Neural Network (PNN) algorithm has been successfully retained more dynamic range, high and low frequency porosity content, compare to the Multiattributes linear which is tend to show a smoothed, or more averaged prediction. The correlation value from PNN methods can be up to 0.8610 with average error is 0.0283, while correlation value from Multiattribute linear only up to 0.7098 with average error is 0.0398. The time slice of PNN result at +10ms from horizon FS33 has been clearly figured out an accumulation of high porosity in the southern area of the interval target which is indicated as a clean sand lithology based on sensitivity analysis. And such accumulation has formed a distributaries channel trend which is interpreted as delta plain deposits. Meanwhile, the time slice of PNN result at - 10 ms from horizon FS42 has indicated a carbonate lithology which is interpreted as shelf deposits. From this study, it?s concluded that PNN algorithm as a nonlinear function has been successfully showed a better porosity distribution in the Fresh Water Sand (FWS) zone of X-field.;X-field is a gas field in Kutai Basin and it has been developed since 1986. Reservoir of X-field is a multi layered upper Miocene deltaic deposits and characterized by a shaly formation. A highly intercalation between sand & shale unit in X-field has been contributed to the heterogeneity of porosity in the area. One of the effective methods to spatially quantify such heterogeneity of porosity is by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). ANN with Probability Neural Network (PNN) algorithm has been successfully retained more dynamic range, high and low frequency porosity content, compare to the Multiattributes linear which is tend to show a smoothed, or more averaged prediction. The correlation value from PNN methods can be up to 0.8610 with average error is 0.0283, while correlation value from Multiattribute linear only up to 0.7098 with average error is 0.0398. The time slice of PNN result at +10ms from horizon FS33 has been clearly figured out an accumulation of high porosity in the southern area of the interval target which is indicated as a clean sand lithology based on sensitivity analysis. And such accumulation has formed a distributaries channel trend which is interpreted as delta plain deposits. Meanwhile, the time slice of PNN result at - 10 ms from horizon FS42 has indicated a carbonate lithology which is interpreted as shelf deposits. From this study, it’s concluded that PNN algorithm as a nonlinear function has been successfully showed a better porosity distribution in the Fresh Water Sand (FWS) zone of X-field., X-field is a gas field in Kutai Basin and it has been developed since 1986. Reservoir of X-field is a multi layered upper Miocene deltaic deposits and characterized by a shaly formation. A highly intercalation between sand & shale unit in X-field has been contributed to the heterogeneity of porosity in the area. One of the effective methods to spatially quantify such heterogeneity of porosity is by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). ANN with Probability Neural Network (PNN) algorithm has been successfully retained more dynamic range, high and low frequency porosity content, compare to the Multiattributes linear which is tend to show a smoothed, or more averaged prediction. The correlation value from PNN methods can be up to 0.8610 with average error is 0.0283, while correlation value from Multiattribute linear only up to 0.7098 with average error is 0.0398. The time slice of PNN result at +10ms from horizon FS33 has been clearly figured out an accumulation of high porosity in the southern area of the interval target which is indicated as a clean sand lithology based on sensitivity analysis. And such accumulation has formed a distributaries channel trend which is interpreted as delta plain deposits. Meanwhile, the time slice of PNN result at - 10 ms from horizon FS42 has indicated a carbonate lithology which is interpreted as shelf deposits. From this study, it’s concluded that PNN algorithm as a nonlinear function has been successfully showed a better porosity distribution in the Fresh Water Sand (FWS) zone of X-field.]

Abstrak :
[Usaha untuk mendapatkan data seismik yang baik serta interpretasi seismik dari data eksisting pada suatu lapangan yang mempunyai struktur kompleks relatif sukar untuk dilakukan. Pembuatan model ideal untuk parameter seismik dengan menggunakan Forward Modelling diharapkan mampu untuk membuat hubungan antara kompleksitas struktur dengan data seismik yang dihasilkan. Hasil dari pembuatan Forward Modelling yang dilakukan dibandingkan dengan data real menunjukkan bahwa response seismik pada zone prospek menunjukkan trend yang sama, dimana pada zona yang mengalami struktur geologis yang kompleks, response seismik kurang bagus. Hasil pengurangan trace data real versus synthetic pada lintasan UT88-520 dan UT88-535 masih menunjukkan residu yang cukup besar, sebagai akibat dari kompleksitas struktur geologi lapangan Tiaka. Hasil Forward Modelling dapat dijadikan sebagai pembanding dan validasi hasil seismik yang diharapkan untuk mendapatkan model seismik yang dapat menjadi acuan pada saat akuisisi seismik, agar didapatkan data seismik yang lebih baik. ......The effort to get good seismic data from very complex geological structure is very difficult; such as the case for interpreting the existing data. Ideal modeling for seismic survey using Forward Modeling hopefully can explain the correlativity between geological structural complexities and the seismic result that we get. The main result of this study show us that comparison between Forward Modeling against Real Data indicate that the trend of seismic response in prospect zone/target zone almost similar, while the seismic response in fracture zone is not clear. Subtractions results between real data against synthetic in line UT88-520 and UT88-535 still give significant remain, indicate that structural geology in Tiaka Field is very complex. The Modeling result can be use as the ideal result and can be use as validation/comparable result to get the certain model and can become reference for seismic acquisition.;The effort to get good seismic data from very complex geological structure is very difficult; such as the case for interpreting the existing data. Ideal modeling for seismic survey using Forward Modeling hopefully can explain the correlativity between geological structural complexities and the seismic result that we get. The main result of this study show us that comparison between Forward Modeling against Real Data indicate that the trend of seismic response in prospect zone/target zone almost similar, while the seismic response in fracture zone is not clear. Subtractions results between real data against synthetic in line UT88-520 and UT88-535 still give significant remain, indicate that structural geology in Tiaka Field is very complex. The Modeling result can be use as the ideal result and can be use as validation/comparable result to get the certain model and can become reference for seismic acquisition.;The effort to get good seismic data from very complex geological structure is very difficult; such as the case for interpreting the existing data. Ideal modeling for seismic survey using Forward Modeling hopefully can explain the correlativity between geological structural complexities and the seismic result that we get. The main result of this study show us that comparison between Forward Modeling against Real Data indicate that the trend of seismic response in prospect zone/target zone almost similar, while the seismic response in fracture zone is not clear. Subtractions results between real data against synthetic in line UT88-520 and UT88-535 still give significant remain, indicate that structural geology in Tiaka Field is very complex. The Modeling result can be use as the ideal result and can be use as validation/comparable result to get the certain model and can become reference for seismic acquisition., The effort to get good seismic data from very complex geological structure is very difficult; such as the case for interpreting the existing data. Ideal modeling for seismic survey using Forward Modeling hopefully can explain the correlativity between geological structural complexities and the seismic result that we get. The main result of this study show us that comparison between Forward Modeling against Real Data indicate that the trend of seismic response in prospect zone/target zone almost similar, while the seismic response in fracture zone is not clear. Subtractions results between real data against synthetic in line UT88-520 and UT88-535 still give significant remain, indicate that structural geology in Tiaka Field is very complex. The Modeling result can be use as the ideal result and can be use as validation/comparable result to get the certain model and can become reference for seismic acquisition.]