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""Courts Without Bordersis the first book to examine the politics of judicial extraterritoriality, with a focus on the world's chief practitioner: the United States. For much of the post-World War II era, the United States has been a frequent yet selective regulator of activities outside its territory, and US federal courts are often on the front line in deciding the extraterritorial reach of US law. At stake in these jurisdiction battles is the ability to bring the regulatory power of the United States to bear on transnational disputes in ways that other states frequentlydislike both in principle and in practice. This volume proposes a general theory of domestic court behaviorto explain variations in extraterritorial enforcement of US law,emphasizing how the strategic behavior of private actors is important to mobilizing courts and in directing their activities"--"Courts Without Borders is the first book to examine the politics of judicial extraterritoriality-the practice of domestic courts unilaterally applying domestic laws to conduct and persons outside a state's borders-and its consequences with a focus on the world's chief practitioner: the United States. For much of the post-World War II era, the United States has been a frequent yet selective regulator of activities outside its territory. U.S. federal courts are often on the front line in battles over the extraterritorial reach of U.S. law, enabling it in some instances and restricting it in others"--"

"ABSTRACTDalam hukum World Trade Organization (WTO), persoalan lingkungan hidup diatur pada Pasal XX (b) dan (g) GATT 1994, beserta dua peraturan khususnya yakni, The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) dan Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). Sehubungan dengan ini, pada tahun 2018 Uni Eropa mengeluarkan Renewable Energy Directive (RED) II terkait kebijakan pelarangan penggunaan minyak kelapa sawit untuk kebutuhan biofuels pada 2030, yang dilakukan secara bertahap dari tahun 2021. Dasar pelarangan ini adalah untuk melindungi lahan dengan stok karbon tinggi yang diakibatkan oleh pembukaan lahan untuk perkebunan sawit. Oleh karena itu, skripsi ini melakukan analisis kesesuaian kebijakan larangan impor atas dasar lingkungan hidup ini terhadap pengaturan dalam WTO. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan melakukan studi kepustakaan terhadap teks RED II dengan kebijakan tata kelola sawit Indonesia berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia dan sumber hukum WTO. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kebijakan pelarangan impor Uni Eropa tidak masuk dalam ruang lingkup ruang lingkup SPS Agreement ataupun TBT Agreement.  Kebijakan ini merupakan bentuk hambatan kuantitatif yang melanggar GATT 1994 karena tidak memenuhi persyaratan Pasal XX (g) GATT 1994. Kebijakan ekstrateritorial Uni Eropa ini juga tidak dapat dibenarkan karena tidak memenuhi ketentuan chapeau.

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ABSTRACTUnder World Trade Organization (WTO) law, Article XX (b) and (g) GATT 1994, and its two specialized agreements, The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) dan Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) provide environmental-trade measure rulings. In this regard, European Union seek to gradually limit palm oil from 2021 and phase out the use for biofuels by 2030 within Renewable Energy Directive (RED) II that was released in 2018. This measure is set to limit biofuels produced from significant expansion of the production area into land with high carbon stock is observed. This research uses normative juridical approach by literature study of RED II legal text and Indonesian palm oil governance within relevant laws and WTO sources of law. The result indicates that the EU measure is is not fell under scope of SPS Agreement as well as TBT Agreement. This environmental-trade measure is found to be inconsistent to GATT substantive rule of quantitative restriction as it fails to fulfill requirements under Article XX (g) GATT 1994. As it does not satisfy chapeau requirements, the European Union extraterritorial measure can not be justified."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai dampak prinsip ekstrateritorial terhadap regulasi merger, konsolidasi dan akuisisi dalam hukum persaingan usaha Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis dan pendalaman mengenai dampak dari adanya kegiatan merger, konsolidasi dan akuisisi berskala intenasional terhadap regulasi merger, konsolidasi dan akuisisi hukum persaingan usaha di Indonesia, dengan membandingkan ketentuan di Indonesia dengan ketentuan di Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa dan India, sehingga dari hasil perbandingan tersebut dapat ditelaah kelebihan dan kekurangan dari regulasi merger, konsolidasi dan akuisisi yang ada dalam hukum persaingan usaha di Indonesia, serta dapat mengetahui batasan-batasan yang muncul akibat penggunaan kedua prinsip tersebut terhadap kegiatan merger, konsolidasi dan akuisisi berskala Internasional dilihat dari sudut pandang hukum persaingan usaha. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis.Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa adanya prinsip wilayah (prinsip teritorial) pada Undang-Undang No. 5 tahun 1999 Indonesia mengakibatkan hukum antimonopoli Indonesia tidak berlaku terhadap badan usaha asing yang berkedudukan di luar wilayah Indonesia dan melakukan kegiatan usahanya di wilayah Indonesia tanpa memiliki anak perusahaan di Indonesia, sehingga pada akhir penelitian ini disarankan kepada pemerintah Indonesia untuk melakukan perubahan pada regulasi utama hukum persaingan usaha Indonesia, yaitu Undang-Undang no. 5 tahun 1999, dengan mengubah ketentuan mengenai penerapan prinsip teritorial menjadi prinsip ekstrateritorial.

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This study focuses on the effect of the implementation of extrateritorial principles to the Indonesian competition law regulations regarding merger, consolidation and acquisition. The purposes of this study is to conduct analysis and deep understanding on the effects of International scale merger, consolidation and acquisition activities to the Indonesian competition law regulations regarding merger, consolidation and acquisition, with comparing the Indonesian regulations to the regulations of the United States of America, European Union and Republic of India, resulting in the analysis of the advantages and deficiency of merger, consolidation and acquisition regulations in Indonesian competition law, as to establish the boundaries incurred as the effect of the implementation of both principles to the International scale merger, consolidation and acquisition activities from the competition law point of view. This study is conducted with descriptive analytical method.

The results of this study shows that the existance of territoriality principles in Law Number 5 of 1999 of the Republic of Indonesia has the effect to the invalidity of this regulation to the foreign business entity located outside the territory of Indonesia that conducts their business activities inside Indonesian territory without having any subsidiaries in Indonesia, therefore at the end of this study the writer suggest that Indonesian government should amend the main regulation of Indonesian competition law, which is Law Number 5 of 1999, with amending the provisions regarding the implementation of territoriality principles to extraterritorial principals."