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"Perubahan iklim yang mengancam berbagai lini kehidupan mendesak negara-negara untuk mewujudkan komitmennya dalam Perjanjian Paris, utamanya dalam menekan serta menurunkan rata-rata suhu global hingga 2°C, melalui kebijakan domestiknya masing-masing. Upaya mencapai target suhu tersebut salah satunya ditempuh dengan menekan laju emisi di tiap negara. Laju emisi mayoritasnya dihasilkan dari sektor energi melalui konsumsi listrik dan karenanya, pengurangan emisi di sektor ini menjadi langkah yang determinan. Singapura merupakan salah satu negara yang menandatangani Perjanjian Paris sekaligus menjadi negara yang mengelola sekaligus mengkonsumsi energi hasil olahan gas alam secara intens. Kondisi ini mendesak pemerintah untuk mengatur ulang strategi pemanfaatan gas alam agar tidak menghasilkan emisi dalam jumlah yang masif melalui kerangka Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS). Profilnya sebagai negara pembangunan (developmental state) berikut dengan rekam jejak efektivitas dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan tersebut berimplikasi terhadap pengelolaan lingkungannya yang dilakukan secara otoritarian (authoritarian environmentalism). Tata kelola lingkungan seperti ini ditempuh dan dipertahankan dengan harapan Singapura dapat mencapai target kebijakan iklimnya secara efektif tanpa mengorbankan perekonomiannya. Temuan dalam riset ini adalah tata kelola authoritarian environmentalism yang berorientasi pada pertumbuhan dan pembangunan ekonomi dalam kebijakan iklim mampu memberikan manfaat bagi perekonomian dan lingkungan sehingga pengelolaan ini terus dipertahankan guna mencapai dasar cita-cita pembangunan Singapura.

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Climate change that threatens all over existence urges all countries to realising their commitments in Paris Agreement, foremost in suppressing and lowering global average temperatures by 2°C through their own domestic policies. One of the measures to achieve the climate target is by pressing down the emissions growth rate in each country. Major contributions of emissions come from the energy sector by means of electricity consumption and hence, emissions reduction in this sector will be a prominent step. Singapore is one of the countries that signed Paris Agreement yet becomes a country that carries out as well as consuming energy that is generated by natural gas intensely. This condition insists the government to re-regulate the natural gas utilization strategy to pressing down its emissions through the Long-Term Low Emissions Development Strategy (LEDS) framework. Singapore’s country profile as a developmental state as well as its track record in achieving their policies effectively has implications for its environmental governance that is carried out in an authoritarian way (authoritarian environmentalism). This kind of environmental governance is undertaken and maintained with an aim that Singapore will realize its climate policies effectively without sacrificing its economy. The finding of this research shows that climate policies under authoritarian environmental governance, which is oriented toward economic growth and economic development can bring either economic or environmental benefits for Singapore, hence this management is being sustained to achieve Singapore’s primary vision of development."

"Sistem kapitalisme telah menyebabkan beragam kerusakan lingkungan di seluruh dunia. Aktor-aktor yang mulai sadar pentingnya upaya pelestarian kemudian mendorong dilakukannya perubahan pada tata kelola lingkungan dan bisnis yang lebih berkelanjutan. Melalui metode tipologi, tulisan ini berargumen bahwa kapitalisme – yang meliputi negara dan korporasi menawarkan ‘solusi’ untuk menerapkan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan, yaitu melalui Pembangunan Berkelanjutan dan corporate environmentalism. Adapun faktor kapitalisme bertahan di tengah tekanan lingkungan global yaitu: kapitalisme disokong oleh negara, kapitalisme merespon balik tekanan lingkungan, kapitalisme melalui peran sektor swasta merupakan penyedia dana terbesar bagi upaya restorasi lingkungan, kapitalisme dianggap sebagai sistem yang bersifat given dan tidak dapat diubah.

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The capitalist system has caused various environmental degradations around the world. Actors who have started to realize the importance of conserving then ask for changes in environmental governance and a more sustainable business. By using typology method, this literature review argued that capitalism – which includes countries and corporations offer ‘solutions’ to implement a sustainable economy, namely through Sustainable Development and Corporate Environmentalism.  In addition to that, the factors of capitalism to survive amongst global environmental pressures are following: capitalism is supported by the state, capitalism respond to the global environmental pressure, capitalism through the role of private sector is the largest source of fund for environmental restoration, capitalism is considered as a system that is given and cannot be changed"

"During the 1970s, hundreds of thousands across Western Europe protested against civil nuclear energy. Nowhere were they more visible than in France and Germany, two countries where environmentalism seems to have diverged greatly since. This book recovers the shared, transnational history of the early anti-nuclear movement, showing how low-level interactions among diverse activists led to far-reaching changes in both countries. Because nuclear energy was such a multivalent symbol, protest against it was simultaneously broad-based and highly fragmented. Concerned citizens in communities near planned facilities felt that nuclear technology represented an outside intervention that potentially threatened their health, material existence, and way of life. In the decade after 1968, their concerns coalesced with more overtly political criticisms of consumer society, the state, and militarism. Farmers, housewives, hippies, anarchists, and many more who defied simple categorization joined forces to oppose nuclear power, but the movement remained internally contradictory and outwardly unpredictable, not least with regard to violence at demonstrations. By analysing the transnational dimensions, diverse outcomes, and internal divisions of anti-nuclear protest, this book provides an encompassing and nuanced understanding of one of the largest new social movements in post-war Western Europe and situates it within a decade of upheaval and protest. Drawing extensively on oral history interviews as well as police, media, and activist sources, this book tells the story of the people behind protest, showing how individuals at the grassroots built up a movement that transcended national borders as well as political and social differences."

"Kembalinya popularitas jual beli pakaian bekas berhubungan dengan minat konsumen terhadap sustainability. Selain tren sustainability, tren vintage didorong kecenderungan konsumen untuk mencari authenticity dan nilai keunikan melalui pakaian bekas membawa perubahan terhadap perilaku pembelian pakaian bekas. Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara environmentalisme, kesederhanaan dan kebutuhan akan keunikan terhadap minat beli pakaian bekas. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan metode simple random sampling dengan kuesioner online. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara environmentalisme dan kebutuhan akan keunikan terhadap minat beli pakaian bekas.

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The return of the popularity of used clothing is related to consumer’s growing interest in sustainability. In addition to sustainability trends, the comeback of the vintage trend encouraged by consumers' tendency to seek authenticity and unique value through used clothing brings changes to their consumer behavior. This study discusses the influence between environmentalism, frugality, need for uniqueness and purchase intention of second-hand clothes. This quantitative study uses simple random sampling with an online survey. This study found that there was a significant influence between environmentalism and the need for uniqueness to purchase of used clothing."