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Abstrak :
Nanopartikel ZnO didop Cr disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk empat variasi konsentrasi Cr. Karakteristik nanopartikel dipelajari menggunakan Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-Ray Difraction (XRD), Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), Field Emision - Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR), and spektroskopi Ultra Violet- Visible (UV- Vis). Uji aktivitas nanopartikel diukur melalui degradasi Methyl Orange (MO) dan Methylene Blue (MB) pada daerah sinar Ultraviolet (UV). Hasil menunjukkan keberadaan Cr dan cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) dalam sistem ZnO nanopartikel. Nanopartikel yang dihasilkan berfase tunggal dengan struktur heksagonal wurtzite dan mempunyai bentuk spherical-like. Peningkatan konsentrasi dopan Cr dan kehadiran surfaktan kationik CTAB menyebabkan berkurangnya celah energi dan lebih lanjut lagi meningkatkan aktivitas fotokatalitik. Kehadiran surfaktan kationik CTAB menyebabkan nanopartikel ZnO didop Cr lebih efektif dalam mendegradasi zat pewarna anionik MO dibanding kationik MB. ...... Cr doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation methods with four variation Cr concentrations. The nanoparticles were characterized by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-Ray Difraction (XRD), Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), Field Emision - Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR), and UltraViolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles were evaluated by measuring degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) and Methylene Blue (MB) in Ultraviolet (UV) region. The results confirmed the presence of Cr dopant and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in the ZnO nanoparticles system. The resulting nanoparticles have single-phases with hexagonal wurzite structures and spherical-like shapes. Increasing the Cr dopant concentrations and the presence of cationic surfactant CTAB cause a reduction in energy gap and more futher improve the photocatalytic activity. The presence of cationic surfactant CTAB causes the Cr doped ZnO nanoparticles were more effective in degrading MO anionic dyes than MB cationic dyes.

Abstrak :
Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is an important semiconductor material due to its broad applications, such as in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics, photocatalysts, and solar cells. The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of pressure in post-hydrothermal treatment on crystallinity enhancement, crystallite growth, and band gap reduction of ZnO nanoparticles, which could be expected to improve their performance as the semiconductor oxide layer in the dye-sensitized solar cell application. For this purpose, ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized through the precipitation method, followed by a sequence of thermal treatments including drying, calcination, and Post-hydrothermal Treatment (PHT). For increasing the crystallinity of ZnO nanoparticles, PHT was carried out with a pressure variation of 1 and 3 bar. The resulting nanoparticles were further characterized with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Ultra-Violet Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The study showed that by increasing the PHT pressure from 1 to 3 bar caused an adverse effect on the crystallinity, i.e. the crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles slightly decreased from 27.42 to 26.88 nm. This was expected to be due to the increase of the boiling point of water causing less effective of vapor generated to improve the crystallinity by a cleavage mechanism on the inorganic framework. The band gap energy (Eg), however, was found to increase slightly from 3.25 to 3.26 eV, respectively. Considering the obtained properties, ZnO nanoparticles in this study have the potential to be used as the semiconductor oxide layer in the dye-sensitized solar cells.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan uji aktivitas antifungi partikel nano seng oksida (NP ZnO) terhadap isolat kapang A1P dan A2C, yang di isolasi dari plafon rumah. Metode uji yang dilakukan adalah plate agar menggunakan PDA yang ditambahkan NP ZnO pada konsentrasi 0,1%; 0,25%; 0,5%; atau 1%. Pengamatan pertumbuhan kedua isolat kapang dilakukan dengan metode hanging drop menggunakan medium PDA yang mengandung NP ZnO sebesar 0,1%; 0,25%; 0,5%; 1%, 1,5%; atau 2%. Konsentrasi minimum hambatan (KMH) ditentukan dengan metode tube dilution menggunakan medium PDB dengan konsentrasi NP ZnO 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; atau 2%. Konsentrasi minimum fungisidal (KMF) ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah sel hasil total plate count (TPC) dari perlakuan tube dilution. Hasil plate agar dan hanging drop menunjukan bahwa NP ZnO memiliki sifat fungistatik yang meningkat seiring besarnya konsentrasi. Hal tersebut diindikasikan dengan tetap adanya pertumbuhan A1P dan A2C walaupun mengalami perlambatan germinasi spora dan penurunan diameter koloni. Pada tube dilution, isolat kapang juga mengalami perlambatan pertumbuhan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol, sesuai dengan hasil plate agar maupun hanging drop. Kedua isolat kapang tidak mengalami pertumbuhan pada cat yang ditambah NP ZnO walaupun telah di inkubasi melebihi waktu inkubasi tube dilution, selama 2 minggu. ...... Antifungal activity test of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO) against molds A1P and A2C, which were isolated from ceiling, has been carried out. Agar plate method test was done using PDA added with 0,1%; 0,25%; 0,5%; or 1% ZnO. Growth of the molds on PDA medium added with 0,1%; 0,25%; 0,5%; 1%, 1,5%; or 2% ZnO was observed using hanging drop method. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined by tube dilution method in PDB medium which contains 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%; or 2% ZnO. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined based on cells count from total plate count (TPC) of tube dilution. Results from plate agar and hanging drop showed that ZnO worked as fungistatic which escalated along its increased concentration. This was indicated by the growth of A1P and A2C although the spore germination was slow down and also decrease on the colony diameter. Growth of molds in tube dilution was slow down significantly compared to control, which correspond to result of plate agar and hanging drop. Both isolates did not grow on the paint test which was added with ZnO, although the incubation time has been prolonged to more than 2 weeks.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Plastik sebagai bahan kemasan dan coating mengalami peningkatan global setiap tahun. Ini menimbulkan masalah serius bagi lingkungan karena sulitnya terdegradasi. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah limbah plastik adalah penggunaan bioplastik. Untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dari bioplastik, biokomposit yang dibuat dengan penambahan aditif dan pengisi tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Butil Benzyl Phthalate plasticizer BBP dan Seng Oksida ZnO nanopartikel terhadap sifat mekanik dan termal biokomposit selulosa asetat butirat CAB / organoclay.Nanopartikel ZnO disintesis dari prekursor ZnO komersial melalui metode reduksi ukuran sol-gel menggunakan asam sitrat. Seng sitrat dikalsinasi pada suhu 600oC. ZnO nanopartikel dengan ukuran rata-rata 44,4 nm diperoleh pada rasio seng nitrat 1:2 terhadap asam sitrat. Film biokomposit dibuat dengan menggunakan metode solution casting dengan aseton sebagai pelarut. Penambahan plasticizer BBP dan nanopartikel ZnO sebesar masing-masing 30 dan 10 membuat biokomposit memiliki nilai kekuatan tarik 2,22 MPa. Pergeseran nilai suhu transisi gelas Tg selulosa asetat butirat tidak dapat terlihat dikarenakan homogenitas biokomposit saat proses casting.

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ABSTRACT
Plastics as packaging materials and coatings have increased globally every year. This poses a serious problem for the environment because of the difficulty to degrade. One solution to overcome the problem of plastic waste is the use of bioplastics. To improve the mechanical properties of bioplastics, biocomposites are fabricated with the addition of certain additives and fillers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plasticizer Butyl Benzyl Phthalate BBP and Zinc Oxide ZnO nanoparticles to the mechanical and thermal properties of biocomposite cellulose acetate butyrate CAB organoclay.ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized from a commercial ZnO precursor through sol gel method to reduce the size using citric acid. Zinc citrate was calcined at a temperature of 600oC. ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 44.4 nm were obtained at a mole ratio of zinc nitrate citric acid was 1 2. Biocomposite films were made by solution casting method using acetone as the solvent. The addition of plasticizer BBP and ZnO nanoparticles by 30 and 10 respectively in the biocomposites produced a tensile strength of 2,223 MPa. Shifting value of the glass transition temperature Tg of cellulose acetate butyrate could not been observed due to the homogeneity of the biocomposite during the process of casting.

Abstrak :
Nanopartikel ZnO:Fe/SDS dengan empat variasi konsentrasi Fe telah disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi. Struktur dan sifat optis dari nanopartikel dikarakterisasi menggunakan Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-Ray Difraction (XRD), Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), Field Emision - Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR), dan spektroskopi UV-Vis. Aktivitas fotokatalitik nanopartikel diuji melalui degradasi Methyl Orange (MO) dan Methylene Blue (MB) di bawah sinar UV. Nanopartikel yang diperoleh memiliki fase tunggal dengan struktur heksagonal wurtzite. Untuk konsentrasi dopan 11 at. % terdapat fase tambahan berupa ZnFe2O4 yang menunjukkan batas solubilitas Fe dalam menggantikan Zn pada kisi ZnO. Aktivitas fotokatalitik mengalami peningkatan saat konsentrasi Fe meningkat berkaitan dengan terbentuknya trapping site di gap nanopartikel. Nanopartikel ZnO:Fe/SDS menunjukkan aktivitas fotokatalitik yang lebih tinggi dalam mendegradasi MB dibandingkan MO berkaitan dengan interaksi elektrostatik antara SDS dan dyes. ......ZnO:Fe/SDS nanoparticles with four varies of Fe concentration were prepared by coprecipitation methods. Structural and optical properties of nanoparticles were characterized using Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-Ray Difraction (XRD), Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), Field Emision - Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR), and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity were evaluated by observing the photodegradation of Methyl Orange (MO) and Methylene Blue (MB) under UV light irradiation. The nanoparticles had single phases with hexagonal wurtzite structure. Sample ZnO:Fe/SDS 11 at. % showed the secondary phase of ZnFe2O4 which shown the solubility limit of Fe subtituted Zn in ZnO system. The photocatalytic of nanoparticles increased as the Fe doping concentration increased due to forming trapping site in band gap. ZnO:Fe/SDS nanoparticles showed higher photocatalytic activity in photodegradation of MB than MO due to electrostatic forced between SDS and dyes.

Abstrak :
Pada proses sintesis nanopartikel ZnO, diperlukan surfaktan yang digunakan untuk mengontrol ukuran dan dispersi nanopartikel. Daun sengon memiliki kandungan saponin yang berperan sebagai biosurfaktan dan dapat berperan sebagai alternatif dari surfaktan yang umum digunakan yang bersifat toksik dan non-biodegradable. Pada penelitian ini, daun sengon (Albizia Chinensis) diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi untuk menghasilkan maserat kental. Saponin pada ekstrak daun sengon dapat digunakan sebagai agen capping pada proses biosintesis nanopartikel ZnO. Nanopartikel ZnO kemudian digunakan dalam formulasi tabir surya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan antibakteri. Proses pembentukkan ZnO pada sintesis berlangsung terjadi melalui mekanisme reaksi antara larutan prekursor Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O dengan ekstrak saponin dari daun sengon dan NaOH. Biosintesis nanopartikel ZnO dilakukan menggunakan ekstrak daun sengon dan pengujian kristal ZnO dilakukan. Formulasi tabir surya dilakukan dan pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan mengukur zona hambat bakteri E. Coli. ZnO yang disintesis memiliki struktur kristal heksagonal wurtzite dengan ukuran partikel terkecil 405 nm dan kemurnian 75%. Tabir surya yang dihasilkan menggunakan ZnO hasil sintesis memiliki performa Sun Protection Factor (SPF) dan antibakteri yang serupa dengan ZnO komersial dengan nilai SPF tertinggi 32 dan diameter daerah hambat 10,2 cm. ......In the process of synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles, surfactants are needed to control the size and dispersion of nanoparticles. Sengon leaves contain saponins that act as biosurfactants and can act as an alternative to commonly used surfactants that are toxic and non-biodegradable. In this study, the leaves of sengon (Albizia Chinensis) were extracted using maceration. Saponins in the extract can be used as capping agents in the ZnO nanoparticle biosynthesis process. The ZnO nanoparticles were then used in sunscreen formulations to enhance the antibacterial ability. The process of forming ZnO in the synthesis takes place through a reaction mechanism between the precursor solution of Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O with saponin from sengon leaves and NaOH. The biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out using sengon leaf extract and ZnO crystal analysis was carried out. Sunscreen formulations were carried out and antibacterial testing was carried out by measuring the inhibition zone of E. Coli. The synthesized ZnO has a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with the particle size of 405 nm and 75% purity. The sunscreen produced using synthesized ZnO has Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and antibacterial performance similar to commercial ZnO with the highest SPF value of 32 and the diameter of the inhibition zone is 10.2 cm.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Berbagai penelitian mengenai teknologi nano terus difokuskan pada nanopartikel semikonduktor seng oksida (ZnO) dengan berbagai potensi strategis yang dimilikinya. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis nanopartikel ZnO dengan teknik presipitasi yang dikombinasikan dengan perlakuan pra-hidrotermal dengan variasi waktu tahan 0, 24, 48 dan 72 jam yang secara khusus ditujukan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh perlakuan tersebut terhadap ukuran nanopartikel, kristalinitas dan energi celah pita nanopartikel yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya waktu perlakuan pra-hidrotermal dari 0 hingga 72 jam mampu meningkatkan ukuran nanopartikel ZnO dari 3.47 menjadi 13.85 nm, serta menurunkan energi celah pita dari 3.099 menjadi 3.076 eV.

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ABSTRACT Many research on nanotechnology has been focused on zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductor nanoparticles which has strategic potentials. In the current research the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles has been performed, using a precipitation technique assisted by a pre-hydrothermal treatment with various holding time of 0, 24, 48 and72 hours. This route was specifically aimed at investigating the effect of this treatment on the nanocrystallite size, crystallinity and band gap energy of the resulting nanoparticles. The result of investigation showed that an increasing of pre-hydrothermal treatment duration from 0 to 72 hours has increased the crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles from 3.47 to 13.85 nm, and decreased the band gap energy from 3.099 to 3.076 eV.

Abstrak :
Dalam penelitian ini telah berhasil disintesis nanopartikel Seng Oksida (ZnO) dari prekusor Zn(CH3COO)2. 2H2O dalam bentuk cairan koloid dengan metode pengendapan kimia basah berdasarkan variasi konsentrasi larutan natrium hidroksida. Variasi konsentrasi larutan natrium hidroksida yang digunakan adalah 0,1; 0,2; dan 0,4 M. Reaksi pengendapan kimia basah merupakan metode sintesis yang mudah dan murah karena tidak membutuhkan suhu tinggi, peralatan dan bahan yang sederhana. Material semikonduktor ZnO nanopartikel sebagai alternatif material pengganti TiO2 nanopartikel yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi dalam fotokatalisis yang menghasilkan electron dan hole tengah gencar dikembangkan dewasa ini. Fotokatalisis merupakan sebuah proses reaksi kimia yang dibantu oleh cahaya dan katalis padat. Katalis padat yang digunakan sebagai fotokatalisator adalah nanopartikel ZnO zincite. Untuk mendapatkan partikel berukuran kecil, terdistribusi seragam dan tingkat kristalinitas yang tinggi, dilakukan sintesis dengan metode pengendapan kimia basah kemudian dilanjutkan proses drying, annealing, dan hidrotermal. Hasil yang didapatkan dari karakterisasi XRD, metode hidrotermal menghasilkan produk dengan tingkat kristalinitas yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan proses anil dan drying. Serbuk hasil hidrotermal memilki ukuran kristalit rata-rata sebesar 34,37 nm, serbuk hasil anil 25,96 nm, dan serbuk hasil drying 11,69 nm. Energi celah pita yang dihasilkan serbuk hasil hidrotermal sebesar 3,07 eV, serbuk hasil anil 3,20 eV, dan serbuk hasil drying 3, 24 eV. Katalis nanopartikel ZnO dalam penelitian ini, hasil proses pengendapan kimia basah pada kondisi hidrotermal cukup efektif dalam menyisihan methyl orange sebesar 54,86 % dalam waktu 90 menit, sedangkan pada kondisi anil dapat menyisihkan methyl orange sebesar 83,91 % dalam waktu 90 menit. ......In this study have been successfully synthesized nanoparticle Zinc Oxide (ZnO) of the precursor Zn(CH3COO)2. 2H2O in the form of colloidal liquid with a wet chemical deposition methods based on variations in the concentration of sodium hydroxide. Variations in the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution used was 0.1; 0.2, and 0.4 M. Wet chemical precipitation reaction is a synthesis method that is easy and cheap because it does not require high temperatures, the simple tools and materials. Semiconductor material ZnO nanoparticles as an alternative replacement material TiO2 nanoparticles are promising for applications in photocatalyst that produce electrons and holes being intensively developed today . Photocatalyst is a chemical reaction process, assisted by light and the solid catalyst. Solid catalyst is used as photocatalyst ZnO nanoparticles zincite. To obtain small sized particles, uniformly distributed and the degree of crystallinity is high, the synthesis by a wet chemical precipitation method and then continued the process of drying, annealing, and hydrothermal. Results obtained from XRD characterization, the hydrothermal method produces a product with a high degree of crystallinity compared to the annealing process and drying. Hydrothermal powders have the results of the average crystallite size of 34.37 nm, 25.96 nm powders annealed results, and 11.69 nm powder drying results. Bandgap energy generated hydrothermal powders result of 3.07 eV, 3.20 eV powder annealing results, and drying the powder 3.24 eV. ZnO nanoparticle catalysts in this study, the results of wet chemical deposition process in hydrothermal conditions is effective in degrading methyl orange by 54.86% within 90 minutes, while in the annealed condition to degrade methyl orange by 83.91% within 90 minutes.

Abstrak :
Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis nanopartikel ZnO melalui proses presipitasi, diikuti dengan proses pra-hidrotermal, anil, dan proses pascahidrotermal dengan variasi temperatur 80, 100, 120, dan 150°C. Pengaruh variasi temperatur proses pasca-hidrotermal terhadap ukuran kristalit, kristalinitas, dan energi celah pita nanopartikel diteliti dengan karakterisasi difraksi sinar X dan spektroskopi UV-Vis. Peningkatan temperatur proses pasca-hidrotermal dari 80 hingga 150°C mampu meningkatkan ukuran nanopartikel ZnO dari 11.816 menjadi 13.442 nm, serta menurunkan energi celah pita dari 3.085 menjadi 3.070 eV. Nanopartikel ZnO hasil proses pasca-hidrotermal dengan temperatur 150°C mampu menghasilkan ukuran yang kecil (13.442 nm), kristalinitas yang tinggi, dan energi celah pita yang sama dengan ZnO ruah (3.07 eV. ......In this research, ZnO nanoparticles has been synthesized by precipitation method, followed by pre-hydrothermal, annealing, and post-hydrothermal processes with variation in temperature of 80, 100, 120, and 150°C. The effects of the variation in temperature on the crystallite size, crystallinity, and bandgap energy of ZnO nanoparticles have been investigated by X-Ray Diffraction and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The increase in temperatures from 80 to 150°C has enhanced the crystallite size of ZnO nanoparticles from 11.816 to 13.442 nm and decreased the bandgap energy from 3.085 to 3.070 eV. ZnO nanoparticles derived from posthydrothermal process with temperature of 150°C showed the most-enhanced crystallite size of 13.442 nm and the lowest bandgap energy of 3.070 eV, which is the same as the bandgap energy of bulk ZnO.

Abstrak :
Penelitian teknologi nano pada nanopartikel ZnO untuk aplikasi pelabelan sel memiliki potensi yang besar karena kemampuannya dalam mengemisikan warna hijau. Kemampuan emisi warna hijau dapat ditingkatkan dengan meningkatkan kristalinitas dan menurunkan energi celah pita mendekati material ruahnya. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis nanopartikel dengan teknik presipitasi yang dikombinasikan dengan perlakuan permukaan berupa selubung silika pada permukaan nanopartikel ZnO membentuk ZnO@SiO2 dan perlakuan panas pascahidrotermal dengan variasi temperatur tahan 80, 100, 120, dan 150°C dengan waktu konstan selama 24 jam, secara khusus ditujukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan tersebut terhadap ukuran nanopartikel, kristalinitas dan energi celah pita nanopartikel tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan permukaan dan peningkatan temperatur pasca-hidrotermal mampu meningkatkan ukuran kristlit nanopartikel ZnO dari 7.88 menjadi 12.56 nm, serta menurunkan energi celah pita dari 3.223 menjadi 3.156 eV. ......Research on ZnO nanoparticel for cell labeling has great potential due to its ability to emit green light. This ability can be enhanced by improvement its crystallinity and reduction its band gap energy into its bulk (3,07 eV). In the current research, the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticle has been performed, using precipitation technique assisted by surface modification ZnO with silica to form encapsulated silica (ZnO@SiO2) and post-hydrothermal treatment with various holding temperature of 80, 100, 120, and 150°C. These procedures were specifically aimed at studying the effect of these treatments on nanoparticle size, crystallinity, and band gap energy of the resulting nanoparticles. The result of this research showed that surface modification and the increase in post-hydrothermal treatment temperature from 80oC to 150oC has increased nanoparticle ZnO size from 7.88 to 12.56 nm, and decreased the band gap energy from 3.223 to 3.156 eV.