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"ABSTRACTCongenital hypothyroidism is the most treatable cause of mental retardation. It is also the most prevalent congenital endocrine disorder in childhood. A dramatic improvement can be made by early detection, diagnosis, and adequate treatment of levothyroxine in patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Severe cognitive impairment is associated with persistent disease in patients who have delayed or no treatment at all. In a modern era with complete healthcare facilities in a big city like Jakarta, the prevalence late-diagnosed congenital hypothyroidism is supposed to be very low. Since many districts have their own public healthcare facilities to screen and diagnose congenital hypothyroidism in children at very young age, a delayed diagnosis in adulthood is actually a rare case.In this medical illustration, we report a case of 21 year-old woman who came to our hospital with abdominal pain. She had mental retardation with no capability to communicate well with other person. She had a short stature (her height was less than 1 meter). She also had mongoloid face with big lips and a very big tongue. There was no goiter or lump on her neck. Her motoric performance was very weak and frail. During abdominal examination, we could see an umbilical bulging on her abdominal wall and on palpation, we could feel an umbilical hernia. By abdominal ultrasound, we could see the umbilical hernia. Unfortunately, no diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism had been made when she was a newborn, there was also no past or known history of thyroid disease of her and her family. She had a diagnosis of mental retardation with no specific etiology since she was 5-years old. Based on the results of her laboratory examination, we had a confirmed diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism with T4 10,56 nmol/L (normal 60-120 nmol/L) and TSH > 100 mIU/mL. We provided her treatment using levothyroxine based on her body weight (25 mg daily). We arranged her to have abdominal CT Scan and digestive surgery as further management for her umbilical herniation.Some defects are correlated with congenital hypothyroidism when the disease is not treated properly and adequately. Neurocognitive, neuromotoric, growth, and development are some areas which can be disrupted by long-term hypothyroidism condition for patients who had the disease since their early years of life. Congenital hypothyroidism appears to be associated with an increased risk of congenital malformations. Several congenital malformations associated with congenital hypothyrodism are umbilical hernia, congenital heart disease, neurologic abnormalities, genitourinary malformations, cleft palate, and Downs syndrome.Studies concluded that severity of the congenital hypothyroidism has more important role than timing of treatment initiation on long-term cognitive and motor outcomes. Detrimental effects on developmental outcomes in congenital hypothyroidism patients may persist over time; however, early treatment for patients at very early ages may bring the best cognitive outcomes and neuromotoric development.Regardless of the treatment options, we can say that it is a loss case and a very late diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism. The unusual age of detection, delayed diagnosis and treatment are some reminders for primary care physicians in our society to pay greater attention to screening programs. 6 Early detection and prompt treatment is an essential part of measures to reduce burden of mental retardation in our society. Delayed diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism case, which is diagnosed at adulthood, indicates failure in screening program. Early diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent long-term catastrophic effects. This a wake-up call of attention and awareness for general public and primary care physicians in our country."

"Kanker pada kelompok remaja dan dewasa muda umumnya berbeda dengan kanker yang biasa menyerang anak-anak atau orang dewasa yang lebih tua. Kelompok usia remaja dan dewasa muda ini memiliki masalah yang lebih rentan terhadap jenis kanker tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman kelompok remaja dan dewasa muda saat awal terdiagnosa kanker dan menjalani radiasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif   dimana metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif yang akan menginterpretasikan dan menganalisis informasi melalui wawancara secara mendalam semi terstruktur. Sebelas orang partisipan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi menyatakan bersedia mengikuti wawancara.  Penelitian ini menghasilkan empat buah tema yaitu Perasaan ketakutan dan kekhawatiran saat awal terdiagnosa kanker; Perubahan fisik dan psikologis sebagai dampak terapi radiasi; Perubahan aktivitas setelah menjalani radiasi dan Kebutuhan spiritualitas dan dukungan keluarga serta nilai aktualisasi diri. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kelompok remaja dan dewasa muda mengalami ketakutan dan kekhawatiran akan kanker dan efek samping terapi yang akan dijalaninya. 

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Cancers in the AYA (Adolescent and Young Adult) are generally different from cancers that usually affect children or older adults. Adolescents and young adults have problems that are more susceptible to certain types of cancer. This study aims to explore the experience of the AYA when they were initially diagnosed with cancer and under go radiation therapy. This is a qualitative research where the methodology used is a descriptive phenomenological approach that will interpret and analyze information through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Eleven participants who met the inclusion criteria stated that they were willing to take part in the interview. This study resulted in four themes, namely feelings of fear and worry when diagnosed with cancer; Physical and psychological changes as a result of radiation therapy; Changes in activity after undergoing radiation and Spirituality needs and family support and self-actualization values. The conclusion of this study is that the AYA experienced fear and concern about cancer and the side effects of the therapy they were going to undergo."

"Perundungan siber termasuk kejadian traumatis yang masih banyak ditemukan saat ini. Dampak yang ditimbulkan cukup serius, seperti gangguan kesejahteraan mental dan kesehatan fisik. Pengungkapan merupakan salah satu metode penanganan yang bisa membantu korban perundungan siber pulih hingga mengalami posttraumatic growth. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji peran pengungkapan terhadap posttraumatic growth. Penelitian ini melibatkan 77 dewasa muda berusia 18 – 29 tahun yang pernah mengalami perundungan siber. Metode yang digunakan analisis regresi linear. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya peran pengungkapan terhadap posttraumatic growth (F(1,76) = 4,228, p<,05, R2 = 0,053).

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Cyberbullying is one of the most common traumatic incidents to be found today. The impacts are quite serious, such as disruption to mental and physical health. Disclosure is a method of treatment that can help victims of cyberbullying recover until they experience posttraumatic growth. This study was conducted to examine the role of disclosure on posttraumatic growth. This research involved 77 young adults aged 18-29 who had experienced cyberbullying. The method used is linear regression analysis. This study found that disclosure had a role in posttraumatic growth (F(1.76) = 4.228, p<.05, R2 = 0.053)."

"Profil temperamen terdiri atas novelty seeking, harm avoidance, dan reward dependence. Individu dengan novelty seeking yang tinggi dan harm avoidance yang rendah dilaporkan lebih rentan mengalami adiksi, namun adiksi smartphone berbeda dengan adiksi zat karena smartphone digunakan dan dibutuhkan rutin oleh hampir semua orang. Kelompok usia muda, terutama mahasiswa kedokteran, merupakan kelompok dengan paparan tinggi terhadap penggunaan smartphone. Mereka juga dianggap masih terpengaruh oleh temperamen yang dimilikinya dibandingkan orang yang lebih dewasa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui profil temperamen dan korelasinya dengan kerentanan terhadap adiksi smartphone pada mahasiswa kedokteran di Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang pada bulan Agustus 2017 hingga Juli 2018. Pengambilan sampel ditetapkan secara probability sampling berupa systematic random sampling. Instrumen Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) digunakan untuk menilai temperamen, dan instrumen Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) digunakan dalam penilaian risiko adiksi smartphone. Dari 185 sampel, mayoritas responden perempuan, usia 20 tahun, dan belum menikah. Rerata pemakaian smartphone dalam sehari adalah 7,83 jam (Simpang Baku/SB 4,03) dengan usia awal penggunaan smartphone adalah 7,62 tahun (SB 2,60). Komunikasi dan mengakses media sosial ditemukan sebagai kegiatan yang paling banyak dilakukan subyek penelitian melalui smartphone. Lebih dari 50% subyek penelitian memiliki profil temperamen harm avoidance tinggi (53%). Pada analisis regresi logistik multivariat, hanya temperamen HA tinggi yang signifikan secara statistik (OR 2,035; 95% IK 1,119 hingga 3,701), sedangkan durasi pemakaian smartphone ≥ 6 jam dan akses hiburan melalui smartphone merupakan faktor perancu. Temuan dalam penelitian ini serupa dengan penelitian lainnya, yaitu terdapat hubungan antara profil temperamen dengan risiko adiksi smartphone. Penelitian dengan keterlibatan jenis individu yang lebih beragam serta inklusi jenis adiksi lainnya perlu dilakukan sebagai studi lanjutan.

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Temperament profiles consist of novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence. An individual with high novelty seeking and low harm avoidance have been reported to be more susceptible to addiction, but smartphone addiction is different from substance addiction because smartphones are used and needed daily by almost everyone. Younger groups, especially medical students, are groups with high exposure to smartphone usage. They are also considered still affected by their temperament. Therefore, this research aimed to find out the temperament profile and its correlation with vulnerability to smartphone addiction of medical students in Jakarta. The research was conducted with cross sectional design in August 2017 until July 2018. Sampling was determined by systematic random sampling. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) instrument was used to assess temperament, while the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) instrument was used in smartphone addiction risk assessment. Of the 185 samples, the majority respondents were female, aged 20 years, and unmarried. The average smartphone usage in a day was 7.94 hours (Standard Deviation/ SD 3.92) with the initial age of smartphone usage was 7.58 years (SD 2.43). Most respondents used smartphone for communication and accessing social media. Over 50% of subjects had temperament profile of high harm avoidance (60%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only high HA temperament (OR 2.035; 95% CI 1.119 to 3.701) was statistically significant, while duration of smartphone use ≥ 6 hours and smartphone access for entertainment were considered as confounding factors. The findings in this study are similar to other studies. There is a relationship between the temperament profiles and the risk of smartphone addiction. Further research with the involvement of more diverse types of individuals and the inclusion of other types of addiction needs to be conducted."

"Pengalaman hidup berperan besar dalam membentuk kesehatan mental seseorang. Skripsi ini akan membahas tentang dewasa muda dengan perilaku gangguan mental dan menyebabkan mereka mendapatkan stigmatisasi oleh masyarakat. Kondisi ini diperburuk ketika mereka tidak dapat menangani masalah mereka dan akhirnya membuat mereka menggunakan strategi coping untuk menghindarinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnografis dan metode kualitatif dengan beberapa instrumen seperti, observasi, wawancara mendalam, riwayat hidup dengan dua studi kasus dewasa muda yang menderita gangguan mental. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mereka cenderung menggunakan zat adiktif untuk mengatasi strategi untuk mengurangi tekanan yang diberikan kepada mereka. Tetapi ketika zat adiktif menghancurkan hidup mereka, mereka mengubah strategi coping untuk menerima kenyataan bahwa mereka sebenarnya memiliki gangguan mental dan menggunakan spiritualitas untuk meningkatkan kehidupan mereka.

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Life experiences play a big role in forming a person’s mental health. This thesis will discuss about young adults with mental disorder behavior and caused them to get stigmatized by the society. This condition worsens when they can’t handle their problem and eventually leads them to use coping strategies to avoid it. This study uses ethnographical approach and qualitative method with several instruments such as, observation, in-depth interview, life history with two young adult case studies who suffer mental disorder. The result of this study showed that they tend to use drugs for coping strategies to reduce pressure exerted on them. But when they realize drugs destroy their lives, they change the coping strategies to accept the fact that they actually have a mental disorder and resorted to spirituality to improve their lives."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai perbedaan kualitas hubungan romantis berdasarkan tipe-tipe adult attachment pada dewasa muda yang berpacaran. Pengukuran adult attachment dilakukan menggunakan alat ukur The Experiences in Close Relationships-Short form (Wei et. al., 2007) dengan koefisien reliabilitas Cronbach Alpha sebesar 0.710. Pengukuran kualitas hubungan romantis dilakukan menggunakan alat ukur Partner Behaviours as Social Context dan Self Behaviours as Social Context (Ducat, 2009) dengan masing-masing koefisien reliabilitas Cronbach Alpha sebesar 0.904 dan 0.734. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 205 orang, terdiri atas 86 laki-laki dan 119 perempuan. Responden adalah dewasa muda berusia 20-40 tahun dan sedang berpacaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan kualitas hubungan romantis berdasarkan tipe secure attachment (p = .730), preoccupied attachment (p = .892), fearful attachment (p = .260), dan dismissing attachment (p = .627). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa persepsi individu terhadap kualitas hubungan romantisnya tidak dibedakan dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh tipe-tipe adult attachment, yaitu secure, preoccupied, fearful, dan dismissing. Hasil analisis tambahan menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hubungan romantis memiliki hubungan yang signifikan negatif dengan tipe secure attachment (r = -.382, p < 0.01), namun tidak memiliki hubungan yang dengan tipe preoccupied, fearful, dan dismissing attachment.

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This study aimed to find differences in romantic relationship quality based on adult attachment styles among young adults in dating relationships. Level of adult attachment was measured by using Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Short Form Inventory (Wei et. al., 2007) and romantic relationship quality was measured by using Partner Behaviours as Social Context and Self Behaviours as Social Context (Ducat, 2009). Number of subjects in this research was 205 respondents with 86 males and 119 females. Respondents are young adults aged 20-40 years old and in an dating relationship.

The result of this study showed that there was no differences in romantic relationship quality compared to secure attachment style (p = .730), preoccupied attachment style(p = .892), fearful attachment style (p = .260), and dismissing attachment style (p = .627). This result shows that romantic relationship quality isn’t determined by adult attachment styles. The additional anaylisis shows that romantic relationship quality has a negative significant correlation with secure attachment style (r = -.382, p < 0.01), but has no correlation with preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing attachment style."

"ABSTRAKStudi literatur menemukan bahwa parameter gait telah stabil di umur 20 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetauhi apakah ada hubungan antara panjang kaki dan panjang langkah pada orang dewasa muda. Desain potong-melintang digunakan untuk penelitian ini, dengan menggunakan data primer dari subyek di Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia di usia 18-22. Subyek akan diminta untuk menandatangani informed consent, dan diukur berat badan, tinggi badan, panjang langkah, dan panjang tungkai. Semua data akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 23. Hasil analisis menemukan laki-laki memiliki ukuran panjang tungkai lebih panjang dari perempuan 89.42 4.42 cm, 85.14 3.40 cm; p 0,05 . Peneliti menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara panjang langkah dan panjang kaki dalam kelompok laki-laki p 0,05, r = 0,142 . Peneliatan ini menemukan korelasi antara panjang langkah dan panjang tungkai pada laki-laki, namun tidak pada perempuan. Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil adalah kecepatan berjalan bebas di tanah dan obesitas.

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ABSTRACTLiterature study found that the gait parameters are already stabilized in the age of 20. This study aims to see whether there is correlation between leg length and step length in young adult. Cross sectional study design is used in this study using primary data from subjects in Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia in the age of 18 22. Subjects will be asked to sign the informed consent, then researcher will measure the weight, height, step length, and leg length. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 23. Data obtained shows male have a higher leg length measurement than female 89.42 4.42 cm, 85.14 3.40 cm p 0.05 and male step length is not differ than female 62.31 6.90 cm, 61.79 6.43 cm p 0.05 . Researcher found a significant relationship between step length and leg length in male p 0.05, r 0.414 . In contrary, female shows no correlation between the two variables p 0.05, r 0.142 . Correlation between step length and leg length was found in male, however not in female. Factors that may contributed to the results could be due to free walking speed ground and overweight. "

"Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bentuk interaksi parasosial yang terjadi pada penggemar musik K-Pop yang berusia dewasa muda (26 – 39 tahun). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, strategi fenomenologi, serta wawancara mendalam terhadap 4 perempuan dewasa muda untuk pengambilan data. Data dianalisis melalui coding dan ditulis dengan teknik analisis naratif. Pada penelitian ini, interaksi parasosial dilihat dari aktivitas penggemar yang dilakukan dan memasukkan perspektif usia dewasa muda, sehingga dapat terlihat bagaimana interaksi parasosial berperan dalam kehidupan penggemar. Karakteristik individu dewasa muda turut melatarbelakangi bentuk interaksi parasosial yang dialami penggemar. Hasil analisis menemukan adanya keterbatasan sebagai individu dewasa muda yang berpotensi menghentikan interaksi parasosial pada diri penggemar. Namun, keterbatasan tersebut diatasi dengan penggunaan media digital dan fandom. Penelitian ini menemukan interaksi parasosial pada penggemar dewasa muda digunakan sebagai sarana media enjoyment.

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This research explores forms of parasocial interactions that occur in K-Pop music fans who are young adults (26-39 years). This study uses a qualitative approach, phenomenological strategy, and in-depth interviews with 4 young adult women. The data were analyzed through coding process and written with narrative analysis techniques. Parasocial interaction in this study are seen from the fan activity and include the age perspective as young adults (life course perspectives), so the study can see how parasocial interactions have a role in the fans’ life. Characteristics of young adult individuals also contribute to the form of parasocial interactions experienced by the fans. The results of this research found that young adult fans have limitations that potentially stop parasocial interactions in fans. However, these limitations are overcome by the use of digital media and fandom. This study found interactions in young adult fans are used as media enjoyment."