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Abstrak :
Proses produksi Industri batik menghasilkan air limbah yang memiliki kandungan bahan kimia berbahaya. Untuk menjaga kualitas lingkungan, maka diperlukan upaya pengelolaan. Laweyan telah melakukan upaya pengelolaan air limbah, tetapi pelaksanaannya kurang bagus. Tujuan tesis ini adalah mengevaluasi pengelolaan air limbah, menganalisis persepsi masyarakat tentang pengelolaan air limbah, dan merumuskan strategi pengelolaan air limbah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode mix-method. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengelolaan air limbah yang berjalan bagus hanya aspek teknis dan manajerial, aspek ekonomi dan lingkungan tidak berjalan bagus. Sebanyak 61 masyarakat masih memiliki persepsi yang baik mengenai dampak pengelolaan air limbah yang telah dilakukan. Analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pengelolaan air limbah di Kampoeng Batik Laweyan terletak pada kuadran I Diagram Kartesius. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah pengelolaan air limbah berjalan belum bagus, sebagian besar masyarakat masih persepsi yang baik terhadap pengelolaan air limbah, dan strategi prioritas adalah supports an aggressive strategy. ...... The process of batik industry produces wastewater which contains dangerous chemical substances. In order to maintain the quality of environment, therefore it requires management strategy. Laweyan has conducted some wastewater management system, but the implementation has not been running well. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate wastewater management system, to analyse people perception in accordance with wastewater management system and to formulate wastewater management system. The method that has been used is the mix method. Based on the research, the wastewater managment system only the technique and managerial system aspects that have been running well, but not economic and enviromental aspects. About 61 percents of the people still believe that the good impact of wastewater managment system. SWOT analysis shows that the condition of the wastewater management system is in kuadran I Cartesius Diagram. The conclusion that the wastewater management system is not running well yet, most of the people still have a good perception of the good impact wastewater management system, and priority of strategy is supports an aggressive strategy.

Abstrak :
Penerapan konsep zero waste yang diterapkan pada industri dan kebutuhan akan bahan bangunan mendorong studi penggunaan kembali sludge dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) untuk bahan bangunan. Sludge dari IPAL kegiatan eksplorasi dan produksi migas menurut PP No 85 Tahun 1999, dapat dikategorikan sebagai limbah B3. Maka pemanfaatan sludge IPAL sebagai bahan pengganti pada penelitian ini mengacu pada teknik pengolahan limbah B3 dengan stabilisasi/solidifikasi (s/s) yang melibatkan semen sebagai bahan pengikat. Pengujian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini meliputi XRF, XRD, TCLP, kuat tekan dan penyerapan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada produk s/s yang dibuat dengan komposisi 1 PC : 4 agregat halus dengan penggantian agregat halus sebesar 10%, 25%, dan 50% menggunakan sludge IPAL dan perlakuan dengan atau tanpa dikalsinasi memiliki nilai kuat tekan yang semakin menurun, yaitu 87,1 kg/cm2 sampai 18 kg/cm2 seiring dengan jumlah kandungan sludge IPAL dalam produk. Namun, proses kalsinasi juga dapat menaikan kuat tekan 5 kg/cm2 sampai 25 kg/cm2 dari produk s/s tersebut. Pemanfaatan sludge IPAL sebagai bahan pengganti dengan kandungan sludge IPAL 25% tanpa dikalsinasi dalam pembuatan batako pejal memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Batako dengan peruntukannya sebagai pasangan dinding nonstruktural yang terlindung dari cuaca, tidak memberikan resiko baik terhadap kesehatan maupun lingkungan dan berdasarkan perhitungan cost and benefit analysis, kegiatan pemanfaatan ini dapat memberikan keuntungan ke perusahaan sebesar 45,5% dibandingkan dengan kondisi jika sludge tersebut dibawa ke PT. Prasadha Pamunah Limbah Industri (PPLI) untuk diolah.

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Application of the zero waste concept in the industry and the need for building materials encourage the study to reuse Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) sludge as building materials. WWTP sludge from oil and gas exploration and production activities can be categorized as hazardous waste according to PP No 85 of 1999. The use of WWTP sludge as a substitute in this study is based on the hazardous waste treatment with stabilization / solidification (s/s) involving cement as a binder. Tests performed on the study include XRF, XRD, TCLP, compressive strength and water absorption. The s/s product was made with the composition of 1 PC: 4 fine aggregate, with replacement of fine aggregate content from 10%, 25%, to 50% using WWTP sludge with or without calcination treatment. Value of compressive strength decreases from 87,1 kg/cm2 to 18 kg/cm2 with the increasing content of WWTP sludge in the product that is. On the other hand, the calcination process also increases the compressive strength from 5 kg/cm2 to 25 kg/cm2 of the s/s products. The utilization of WWTP sludge as a substitute, with the WWTP sludge content of 25% without calcination, in a concrete block-making meets standard national of Indonesia (SNI). This concrete block can be used as a non-structural and weather-protected, has no risk, either to health or the environment and this utilization can provide benefit to the company aof up to 45.5% compared with the condition if the sludge is taken to PT. Prasadha Pamunah Limbah Industri (PPLI) to be processed.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Crude oil's processing into energy continue to increase, hence treatment for its environmental impact is needed. The objectives of the study is to determine the differences in bacteria growth rate and removal efficiency of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) between compost and WWTP sludge addition at 5% and 10% concentration levels. Those effects were acknowledge through experiments in laboratory scale using oil contaminated 5,5% TPH within 5 weeks until it reach less than 1% as the requirement. The soil comes from Marunda Beach, compost from UPS Merdeka, WWTP sludge from Jababeka, and bacteria isolated from soil contaminated in the area surrounding refining. The treatment used in this experiment was landfirming with nutrition addition and the main variable analyzed was TPH and the microorganism population. Result of this study show that bacteria growth rate in compost and WWTP sludge at 5% and 10% concentration each are 0,7567/weeks and 1,154/week for compost and also 0,8783/week and 1,1109/week for WWTP sludge. The TPH removal efficiency obtained was95,32% and 96,85% for the addition of compost as well as 91,15% and 91,02% for the addition of WWTP sludge at 5% and 10% concentrations. Base on a t-Test, the differences between all the variation of concentrations are not significant. The correlation test between TPH degradation to bacteria growth showed that there is a week downward (negative) linear relationship.

Abstrak :
Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Resti Mulya dalam mengelola limbah cair menggunakan IPAL dengan sistem biofilter aerob-anaerob pada tahun 2014. Penelitian ini membahas efektifitas Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Resti Mulya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat deskripsi observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil Penelitian terhadap kualitas effluent untuk parameter TSS, COD, BOD, minyak dan lemak tidak melebihi baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh Pergub DKI Jakarta No. 69 tahun 2013 dan MenLH No. 05 tahun 2014. Sedangkan untuk parameter amonia dan total Coliform melebihi baku mutu yang ditetapkan. Rata-rata kualitas effluent untuk masing-masing parameter adalah : TSS 22,96 mg/L, amonia 8,90 mg/L, minyak dan lemak 0,995 mg/L, COD 50,61 mg/L, BOD 15,43 mg/L, dan total Coliform adalah sebesar 5.838 MPN/100 ml. Sedangkan berdasarkan analisis hasil laboratorium, efisiensi penurunan kadar pencemar untuk setiap parameter adalah : TSS 25,27 , amonia 56,26 , minyak dan lemak 50,37 , COD 54,36 , BOD 34,17 , dan total Coliform sebesar 60.81 . Persentase efisiensi IPAL dapat diketahui tidak hanya berdasarkan hasil outlet melainkan dengan menguji inlet secara berkala. Apabila parameter amonia, BOD, dan COD melebihi baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan , maka tindakan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memperbaiki sistem aerasi dan melakukan treatment dengan menambahkan zat penetral seperti PAC. ......Resti Mulya Mother and Child Hospital in managing Waste Water Treatment Plant WWTP with aerob anaerob biofilter system in 2014. This research discuss effectiveness of Waste Water Treatment Plant Installation at Resti Mulya Hospital. This research is an observational description with cross sectional approach. The result of the research on the effluent quality for TSS, COD, BOD, Oil and fat parameters do not exceed the quality standard specified by Jakarta governor regulation No. 69 2013 and regulation of environment minister number 05 2014. As for amonia and total Coliform parameters exceeded standard Quality set. The average quality of effluent for each parameter are TSS 22,96 mg L, amonia 8,90 mg L, oil and fat 0,995 mg L, COD 50,61 mg L, BOD 15,43 mg L, and the total Coliform is 5,838 MPN 100 ml. While based on laboratory analysis, efficiency of decreasing pollutant level for each parameter are TSS 25,27 , ammonia 56,26 , oil and fat 50,37 , COD 54,36 , BOD 34,17 and total colimorm amounted to 60,81 . The percentage of WWTP efficiency can be known not only based on outlet results but by regularly testing the inlet. If the ammonia, BOD, and COD parameters exceed the predefined quality standard, then the action that can be done is to improve the aeration system and perform treatment by adding a neutralizing agent such as PAC.

Abstrak :
Dalam rangka pengendalian pencemaran lingkungan, Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) memegang peranan penting dalam mengolah air limbah agar sesuai dengan baku mutu sebelum di buang ke lingkungan. Akan tetapi tidak semua IPAL telah bekerja secara maksimal sehingga evaluasi secara berkala harus dilakukan untuk mengetahui masalah dan upaya apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengolahan IPAL tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi terhadap IPAL 1 Jababeka yang berfungsi untuk mengolah air limbah pada Kawasan Industri 1 dan Kawasan Industri 7 yang berada di dalam Kawasan Industri Jababeka (KIJ). Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan efisiensi pengolahan aktual dengan literatur terkait, selain itu evaluasi juga dilakukan terhadap parameter desain dan standar operasional prosedur (SOP). Selain itu, evaluasi juga dilakukan dengan melakukan simulasi proses dan opeasi IPAL dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak STOAT. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa untuk efisiensi penyisihan IPAL 1 Jababeka pada pengolahan primer diperoleh nilai efisiensi BOD 50%; efisiensi COD 20,5% dan efisensi TSS 18,45%, pada pengolahan sekunder diperoleh nilai efisiensi penyisihan BOD 80%; efisiensi COD 91,22% dan efisiensi TSS 95,24% serta efisiensi IPAL secara keseluruhan adalah sebesar BOD 90%; efisiensi COD 93,02% dan efisiensi TSS 96,12%. Berdasarkan nilai tersebut diketahui bahwa masih perlu dilakukan peningkatan efisiensi dari unit-unit pengolahan IPAL 1 Jababeka. Parameter desain dari unit pengolahan IPAL 1 Jababeka juga belum seluruhnya memenuhi kriteria desain hal ini dikarenakan desain IPAL yang ada saat ini diperuntukan untuk mengolah air limbah dengan debit sebesar 18.000 m3/hari sedangkan rata-rata air limbah yang diolah oleh IPAL 1 Jababeka saat ini adalah sebesar 12.431 m3/hari. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh selanjutnya juga dilakukan permodelan dengan menggunakan STOAT untuk mengetahui parameter apa saja yang paling signifikan dalam peningkatan efisiensi pengolahan IPAL yang kemudian diketahui bahwa debit air limbah merupakan parameter paling signifikan dalam mempengaruhi efisiensi penyisihan parameter TSS dan BOD. ......In order to control the environmental pollution, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) plays an important role in treating the wastewater to meet the quality standards before discharged to environment. However, not all WWTP have worked optimally so periodic evaluation must be carried out to find out the problem and effort can be made to improve the quality of WWTP treatments, this study conducted an evaluation of Jababeka’s WWTP 1 that fuctions to treat wastewater of Industrial Zone 1 and Industrial Zone 7 at Jababeka Industrial Estate (KIJ). Evaluation is conducted by comparing the actual process efficiency with related literature, in addition the evaluation is also carried out on design parameters and standard operational procedures (SOP). In addition, the evaluation was also conducted by simulating the process and operation of WWTP using STOAT software.The test results show that the removal efficiency for BOD, COD and TSS at primary treatment are 50%, 20.5% and 18.45% respectively, at secondary treatment are 80%, 91.22% and 95.24% respectively and WWTP’s overall efficiency are 90%, 93.02% and 96.12% respectively. Based on this result, it can be inferred that is still necessary to increase the removal efficiency of these unit. The design parameters of Jababeka’s 1 WWTP treatment units also do not fully meet the design criteria because the existing WWTP design is intended to treat wastewater with a discharge of 18,000 m3/day while the average wastewater treated by Jababeka’s 1 WWTP currently is amounting 12,431 m3/day. Based on the data obtained thereafter also carried out modeling using STOAT to find out which parameters are the most significant in increasing the efficiency of WWTP treatment which later found that the discharge of wastewater is the most significant in order to remove the TSS and BOD parameter.

Abstrak :
Berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Air dan berdasarkan Audit Energi Gedung Kantor Pusat Pertamina tahun 2010, maka perlu dilakukan upaya-upaya pelestarian sumber daya air dengan penghematan serta peningkatan efektifitas dan efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya air (PDAM dan air tanah) di Kantor Pusat Pertamina. Salah satu upaya yang akan diterapkan adalah penggunaan kembali air berpolutan rendah atau daur ulang air (water recycling) yang berasal dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan bentuk pemanfaatan dan bentuk pengolahan daur ulang air limbah yang sesuai kebutuhan dalam rangka mendesain Instalasi Daur Ulang air limbah yang efektif dan efisien di Kantor Pusat Pertamina. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalis potensi air limbah yang dapat didaur ulang, menganalisis aspek kebutuhan dan aspek teknis serta pembiayaan berdasarkan kondisi pemanfaatan dan karakteristik air limbah.Berdasarkan analisis potensi dan analisis aspek kebutuhan dan aspek teknis, air daur ulang dimanfaatkan untuk penggunaan cooling tower Gedung Utama. Instalasi Daur Ulang menggunakan kombinasi pengolahan filter karbon aktif, ultrafiltrasi (UF), dan ultraviolet (UV) yang dapat menghasilkan air daur ulang dengan kapasitas produksi 109 hingga 127 m3/hari atau 60 hingga 70 persen dari potensi sebesar 182 m3/hari yang bersumber dari Gedung Utama, Gedung Annex, Gedung Perwira, dan kantin Kantor Pusat Pertamina. Air daur ulang ini dapat mengurangi konsumsi PDAM sebesar 24 − 28%. Instalasi Daur Ulang Kantor Pusat Pertamina layak secara ekonomi dengan harga produksi air daur ulang sebesar Rp. 9.126 per m3 dibandingkan harga air PDAM sebesar Rp. 12.550 per m3. Penghematan yang diperoleh Kantor Pusat Pertamina sebesar Rp. 41.113.800 sampai Rp. 47.966.100 setiap bulannya dengan payback period selama 16 sampai 19 bulan.

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Based on Regulation No. 7/2004 about Conservation of Water Resources and Energy Audit of Pertamina Head Office Building in 2010, it is indispensible to conserve water resources by increasing effectiveness and efficiency of water uses (PDAM and groundwater) at the Pertamina Head Office. One effort is the reuse of low pollutant water reuse or the recycling of effluent from the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). The research is aimed to plan the use and configuration of wastewater recycling system in order to design an effective and efficient wastewater recycling plant in the Pertamina Head Office. The study was conducted by analyzing the potential of the wastewater which can be recycled, aspects of the water needs, technical aspects as well as the financial aspect based on the water utilization target and wastewater characteristics. Based on the analysis of the potential and the analysis of needs and the technical aspects, recycling water will be used for cooling tower of the Utama Building. The wastewater recycling installation will use a combination of activated carbon filter, ultrafiltration (UF), and ultraviolet (UV) which can produce recycled water with capacity of 109 to 127 m3/day or 60 to 70 percent of the potential of 182 m3/day wastewater originating from Utama Building, Annex Building, Perwira Building, and cafeteria. This recycled water can reduce PDAM consumption by 24 to 28 percent. Wastewater recycling plant in the Pertamina Head Office is economically viable at a price of recycled water production amounted to Rp. 9.126 per m3 compared to PDAM water price of Rp. 12.550 per m3. Savings gained by Pertamina Head Office will range from Rp. 41.113.800 to Rp. 47.966.100 per month with a payback period for 16 to 19 months.

Abstrak :
processes of Biological treatment intend to reduce the organic matter content by using microorganisms. Problems, which often occur in the treatment process, include the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) being planned for treating domestic wastewater only, but in fact the WWTP often receives non-domestic wastewater particularly direct or indirect faecal deposits. There are 13 simultaneous systems of nonlinear differential equations using the method of Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45). Data validation is measured in a facultative stabilization pond at a distance of 0 m, 25 m, 50 m and 75 m respectively. Samples are taken at the inlet and outlet of the pond covering the concentration of Bacteria (B), Algae (A), Zooplankton (Z), Organic Matter (OM), Detritus (D), Organic Nitrogen (ON), Ammonia (NH3), Organic Phosphorus (OP), Soluble Phosphorus (SP), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Coliform (TC), Faecal Coliform (FC), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The research comparing observation and count data results in 11 kinds of concentration that have a relative error <20% and 2 concentrations > 20%, namely Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Faecal Coliform.(FC). Wastewater quality is predicted with 45o angle charts and tolerance ± 20%, respectively for BOD (76.8%), COD (57.7%) and DO (81.9%). The model, as a means for performance evaluation of the WWTP, is appropriate for Class II water quality standards.