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Abstrak :
Studi ini merupakan penelitian dengan eksperimen 2x2 between-groups design. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 60 partisipan yang merupakan gabungan dari mahasiswa The University of Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, dan Griffith University (Perempuan = 21, Laki-Laki = 35, Lain-Lain = 4, M = 23.90). Partisipan selanjutnya akan ditempatkan secara acak dalam variasi kondisi bekerja (individual dan kolektif) dan variasi identifikasi (teridentifikasi dan tidak teridentifikasi). Kemalasan sosial diukur menggunakan tugas kinerja, dimana partisipan diminta untuk membuat daftar ide untuk topik tesis akhir selama 10 menit. Dari data yang diperoleh, didapatkan hasil yang tidak signifikan antara partisipan yang bekerja secara individual maupun kolektif dalam kemalasan sosial. Begitu pula dengan partisipan di dalam kondisi kolektif teridentifikasi dan kolektif tidak teridentifikasi, didapatkan hasil yang tidak signifikan dalam kemalasan sosial. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah untuk mencari faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mencegah kemalasan sosial. ......Previous studies saw that social loafing could be looked at using identifiability but the task that was used has no immediate impact and not personally involving for participants, where the results of the task may impact their future accolades. This study looked at how motivation (through identifiability) could mitigate social loafing. By using a 2x2 between-groups design, 60 university volunteers were randomly assigned to work individually (coactively) or in groups (collectively), and to either the identified or not-identified condition. The participants were told to generate a list of thesis topic ideas for 10 minutes to measure social loafing. The result we obtained rejects the first hypothesis, where independent groups t-tests revealed that there is no significant difference in thesis topic ideas generated between the participants who worked coactively and the participants who worked collectively and as for the second hypothesis, the result also showed that there is no significant difference between thesis topic ideas generated from both collective-identified condition and collective-not identified condition. As people are more wary of their future endeavours, future research is encouraged to find new factors that could mitigate social loafing.

Abstrak :
Kesehatan jiwa dan kesehatan tubuh tidak dapat dipisahkan, karena berkaitan dengan kemampuan dasar manusia. Salah satu masalah kesehatan jiwa yang dihadapi pekerja adalah stres kerja. Stres kerja berhubungan erat dengan timbulnya berbagai penyakit seperti penyakit jantung, stroke, kecelakaan kerja, menurunnya produktifitas dan meningkatnya pengeluaran suatu perusahaan dalam hal kompensasi pekerja, kecelakaan kerja dan ketidakmampuan, gangguan stres kerja dapat mengenai pekerja dimana saja, juga pekerjaan sebagai seorang masinis kereta api. Keselamatan operasional dan kinerja perusahaan angkutan kereta api tidak terlepas dari peran penting para masinis, sehingga diperlukan masinis yang sehat baik fisik maupun mentalnya. Penelitian ini meninjau masalah bahaya psikososial dalam kaitannya dengan stres kerja dikalangan para masinis di Divisi Angkutan Perkotaan Jabotabek PT. Kereta Api (Persero), dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, menggunakan cara pengukuran life event scale menggunakan tehnik self report measure melalui kuesioner, yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tingkat stres kerja dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat stres kerja pada masinis. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 153 orang dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 101 orang. Ditemukan tingkat stres kerja ringan sebesar 82,2 %, stres kerja sedang 17,8 %, sedangkan tingkat stres kerja berat tidak ada ditemukan. Uji statistik yang dilakukan adalah Chi-Square, untuk melihat hubungan asosiasi antara faktor yang diperkirakan sebagai stressor dengan stres kerja. Adapun faktor-faktor yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan tingkat stres kerja para masinis adalah kebisingan (nilai p = 0,03) dan rutinitas kerja (nilai p = 0,02). Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan data awal untuk pelaksanaan penaggulangan stres kerja, akan tetapi untuk langkah selanjutnya perlu dilakukan penelusuran lebih jauh terhadap timbulnya stres kerja serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya dengan metoda yang lain. Untuk mencegah, dan mereduksi stres kerja pada masinis dan seluruh karyawan perusahaan dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan organizational change, yaitu merubah kondisi kerja ke arah yang lebih baik, dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan stress management, yaitu memberikan training manajemen stres dan employee assistance program (EAP). Daftar bacaan : 27 (1973 - 2001)

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Study about Job Stress of the Train Drivers at PT. Kereta Api (Persero) in Jabotabek Commuter Division, 2002Physical and mental health can't separate, because it's related with the human basic ability. One of the mental health problems that the worker is the job stress. Job stress are close related with the appearance of various illness like cardiovascular disease, stroke, working accident, decreasing of the productivity and increase the company spend of the matter worker compensation, working accident and inability. The job stress can affected the worker anywhere, also the training drivers. The operational safety and the performance of the train transportation company are hold from an important part of the train drivers, with result of that; it's a need a train driver which are the mentality and physically in good health. This research are observe the social psychology hazards in related with job stress at the circle of train drivers at PT. Kereta Api (Persero) in Jabotabek Commuter Division, with the cross-sectional approach, using the life event scale measurement with self report measure by questioner, which have purpose to gain a illustration of the job stress level and the factors which related with the job stress level on the train drivers. Research population total are 153 people with the research sample total are 101 people. The low level of job stress is founded 82, 2 %, medium level 17, 8 %, while the high level are not found. The valid statistic test are Chi-Square, to see the associate relation within the suppose factor as the stressor with job stress. There is relating factors according to the train drivers job stress levels are noise (p value = 0, 03) and working routines (p value = 0,02 ). The research result can be an early data to handling the job stress, but for the next step are need to do more investigation concerning the appearance of job stress with the influence factors with the different method. To prevent and reduction the job stress on the train drivers and the whole company employees can do with the organizational change approach, that is to improve working conditions, with the combination of stress management approach, that is providing a stress management training and an employee assistance program (EAP). References: 27 (1973 - 2001)

Abstrak :

Penelitian ini mengkesplorasi persoalan paradoks tentang bagaimana ketimpangan standar perburuhan serta kondisi kerja antar negara di ASEAN dapat terjadi meskipun kondisi kerja yang adil dan layak telah diposisikan sebagai standar universal. Melalui pendekatan pascarukturalisme, penelitian ini fokus untuk memahami dua bentuk konstruksi realitas yaitu konstruksi tatanan perburuhan internasional, dan konstruksi tatanan ekonomi politik global dan regional ASEAN yang berkaitan dengan perdagangan, standar perburuhan, dan penciptaan kondisi kerja. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tata kelola penerapan konvensi-konvensi ILO merupakan persoalan mendasar yang mengkondisikan ketimpangan standar perburuhan antar negara. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa tidak adanya standar perburuhan di dalam perjanjian perdagangan bebas antar negara ASEAN juga turut mengkondisikan ketimpangan standar perburuhan antar negara ASEAN semakin langgeng.

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This research explores a paradox problem on how inequality of labor standards and working condition among ASEAN Nations could be existed even though a fair and decent working condition has been positioned as universal standard. Through post-structuralism approach, this research focuses on understanding two forms of reality construction, which are construction on international labor order and construction on global and ASEAN regional political economy order that related to trade, labor standards, and the creation of working condition. This research finds out that the governance on ILO conventions application is a basic matter which conditioned inequality on labor standards among nations. This research also finds that the absence of labor standards in the free trade agreement among ASEAN nations is also making the inequality of labor standards among ASEAN nations imperishable.

Abstrak :
Nowadays direct current (DC) microgrids have drawn more consideration because of the expanding use of direct current (DC) energy sources, energy storage, and loads in power systems. With this trend, a system of DC microgrid is needed to design and analyzed. A standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) system with a DC microgrid to supply power for DC loads is proposed. The proposed system comprises of a solar PV system with a boost DC/DC converter, a bi-directional DC/DC converter (BDC), and batteries. The whole system is supposed to work in harmony to gives a value of voltage and power according to what the loads need. There are 2 main working conditions for this system which are at night-time and daytime which each condition will represent real-life working conditions. In the simulation, there will be several scenarios to simulate the working condition of the system in their ideal condition and changing condition, and also the value of the load will be varied to ensure the system work when the load and working condition change. The complete system is designed and executed in a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The system will be analyzed to show how effective, stable, and viability especially in real-life working conditions. ......Saat ini microgrid arus searah (DC) telah menarik lebih banyak pertimbangan karena meluasnya penggunaan sumber energi arus searah (DC), penyimpanan energi, dan beban dalam sistem tenaga. Dengan kecenderungan ini, sistem microgrid DC diperlukan untuk merancang dan menganalisis. Sistem fotovoltaik surya (PV) mandiri dengan microgrid DC untuk memasok daya untuk beban DC diusulkan. Sistem yang diusulkan terdiri dari sistem PV surya dengan konverter DC/DC boost, konverter DC/DC dua arah (BDC), dan baterai. Keseluruhan sistem tersebut diharapkan dapat bekerja secara harmonis untuk memberikan nilai tegangan dan daya yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan beban. Ada 2 kondisi kerja utama untuk sistem ini yaitu pada malam hari dan siang hari yang masing-masing kondisi akan mewakili kondisi kerja sebenarnya. Dalam simulasi akan dibuat beberapa skenario untuk mensimulasikan kondisi kerja sistem dalam kondisi ideal dan kondisi yang berubah, serta nilai beban akan divariasikan untuk memastikan sistem bekerja saat beban dan kondisi kerja berubah. Sistem lengkap dirancang dan dijalankan dalam lingkungan MATLAB/SIMULINK. Sistem akan dianalisis untuk menunjukkan seberapa efektif, stabil, dan viabilitas terutama dalam kondisi kerja nyata.

Abstrak :
Gangguan muskuloskeletal merupakan isu global dalam profesi kedokteran gigi.Penelitian ini mengevaluasi postur kerja para mahasiswa/i yang berisiko menimbulkan gangguan muskuloskeletal di masa datang pada tindakan pembersihan karang gigi dengan posisi duduk. Hasil evaluasi dengan pendekatan virtual environment menunjukkan kondisi aktual memiliki risiko musculoskeletal untuk tubuh bagian atas yaitu leher, bahu, dan punggung. Simulasi pada virtual environment yang mengacu pada postur kerja duduk ideal menunjukkan tindakan pembersihan karang gigi yang ergonomis dapat dilakukan dengan sudut sandaran dental unit 15°. Dalam menangani kuadran 1 dan 4 digunakan posisi kerja jam 9, sedangkan pada kuadran 2 dan 3 digunakan posisi jam 11. ......Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are global issues in dental profession. This research evaluates the MSDs risk caused by sitting working posture of clinical student in scaling task. The evaluation with virtual environment approach shows risk of MSDs in their upper extremities such as neck, shoulder and trunk. Further simulation based on ideal sitting working posture shows that ergonomic scaling could be achieved when the patient sits at 15° angle. When scaling at the 1st and 4th quadrant of the teeth, 9 o?clock position is used. Hence, the 11 o?clock position is used while scaling at the 2nd and 3rd quadrant.

Abstrak :
This book reports on cutting-edge research on social and occupational ergonomics, presenting innovative contributions to the optimization of sociotechnical management systems related to organizational, policy, and logistical issues. It discusses timely topics related to communication, crew resource management, work design, participatory design, as well as teamwork, community ergonomics, cooperative work, and warning systems, and explores new work paradigms, organizational cultures, virtual organizations, telework, and quality management. The book also describes pioneering infrastructures implemented for different purposes such as urban, health, and enterprise, and examines the changing role of automated systems, offering innovative solutions that address the needs of particular populations. Based on the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Social and Occupational Ergonomics, held in Orlando, Florida, USA on July 21–25, 2018, the book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the current challenges in both organizational and occupational ergonomics, highlighting key connections between them and underlining the importance of emotional factors in influencing human performance.