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Abstrak :
Budaya perusahaan Jepang dipandang telah berhasil dalam meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan-perusahaan Jepang hingga produk-proudk mereka mampu bersaing di pasar global. Newamasi sebagai elemen utama budaya perusahaan Jepang serya hubungan dan pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja sumber daya manusia dalam perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memerikan bukti bahwa newamasi sebagai elemen budaya perusahaan tidak hanya bertujuan untuk membangun semangat kebersamaan, kesetiaan dan keakraban antar anggota manajemen. Selain it untuk membuktikan hubungan dan pengaruh newamasi sebagai elemen budaya perusahaan terhadap kinerja sumber daya manusia dalam perusahaan.

Abstrak :
The permanent building societies of England grew from humble beginnings as a multitude of small and localized institutions in the nineteenth century to become the dominant players in the house mortgage market by the interwar period. The movement cultivated an image of being a champion of home ownership for the working classes, but housing historians have questioned whether building societies really lived up to this claim. This book fills a major gap in the historiography of the movement by investigating the class profile of building society members, and how the design of different building societies affected their accessibility, efficiency, and risk-taking practices between 1880 and 1939. These themes are explored through a case study approach, the results of which show that building societies did lend to working-class households before the first and second world wars, with some societies showing a greater commitment to working-class home ownership than others. The phenomenal growth of some of these institutions in the interwar period and the ensuing competition which emerged between them brought about profound changes in their firm structure which impaired their ability to reach out to lower-income households as efficiently as before. The findings of this research are relevant to both past and present debates about the optimal design of financial institutions in overcoming social exclusion in credit markets, and the deleterious effects that firm growth, market competition, and managerial self-interest can have on their performance and stability.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pengaruh krisis ekonomi awal tahun 1990-an terhadap peningkatan masyarakat kelas bawah yang ditekankan pada pertumbuhan pekerja miskin di Jepang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian dengan menggunakan metode kepustakaan dan kerangka teori kelas bawah yang dikemukakan oleh Anthony Giddens. Hasil penelitian ini adalah adanya peningkatan masyarakat kelas bawah yang ditandai dengan adanya kelas pekerja miskin yang mendapatkan upah yang yang rendah dan bekerja sebagai pekerja tidak tetap dalam perusahaan. Hal tersebut juga menimbulkan permasalahan kesenjangan dalam masyarakat Jepang karena perbedaan antara pekerja tetap dan pekerja tidak tetap dalam struktur tenaga kerja perusahaan Jepang.

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This thesis discusses the influence of the economic crisis beginning in the 1990s to the increase of the lower classes of society which is emphasized in the growth of the working poor in Japan. This research is using literature and theoretical framework of the lower classes expressed by Anthony Giddens. The result of this study was an increase in the lower classes of society which is characterized by poor working class are getting low wages and working as temporary workers in the company. It also raises problems of inequality in Japanese society because of the difference between permanent and temporary workers in the labor structure of Japanese companies.