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"ABSTRAKRuang lingkup dan metodologiPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi stresor kerja dengan hipertensi, dengan mempertimbangkan faktor faktor risiko lain (umur, genetik kolesierol, obesitas,rokok dll). Untuk itu, telah dilakukan satu penelitian kros-seksional pada 156 orang pejabat laki-laki eselon I,II,lll di satu instansi pemerintah di Jakarta yang telah diseleksi dengan kriteria inklusi. Untuk mengukur persepsi stresor kerja (yaitu ketaksaan peran, konflik peran, beban kerja berlebih kuantitatif dan kualitatif, pengembangan karir, tanggung jawab terhadap orang lain) digunakan instrumen Diagnosis Sires. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang juga berhubungan dengan hipertensi digunakan satu kuesioner lain. Tekanan darah diukur dengan satu afar sfigmomanometer standar dan berat badan diukur dengan satu timbangan berat badan. Selain itu juga digunakan data pemeriksaan medis tahun 1999 untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan subyek yang diteliti dan hasil laboratorium seperti kadar kolesterol darah total, kadar gula darah.Diagnosis hipertensi ditetapkan berdasarkan hipertensi sistolik menurut kriteria WHO, ISH 1993, JNCV-1992 dan sedang dalam pengobatan dengan obat anti hipertensi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat secara uji kai kuadrat dan regresi logistik, dengan menggunakan program SPSS.Hasil dan KesimpulanDidapatkan prevalensi hipertensi 32.69% (lebih tinggi dibandingkan populasi umum). Tidak satupun di antara keenam persepsi stresor kerja mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan hipertensi. Demikian juga untuk persepsi stresor kerja gabungan pada individu. Meskipun prevalensi derajat sedang paling banyak ditemukan pada populasi ini (67.95%), tetapi tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna dengan hipertensi.Sedangkan di antara faktor faktor risiko lain, hanya umur (OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 101 ; 4.18), lama kerja pada jabatan terakhir (OR = 0.48, 95%CL? 0.23 ; 0.99) dan minum kopi (OR = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.22 ; 0.93), yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan hipertensi (p < 0.05). Secara umum penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara persepsi stresor kerja dengan hipertensi. Di antara faktor faktor risiko lain, faktor umur yang semakin tua mempunyai hubungan positif dengan risiko hipertensi, sedangkan faktor lama kerja yang lebih sedikit pada jabatan terakhir dan minum kopi mempunyai hubungan negatif, yaitu menurunkan risiko hipertensi.Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menyertakan faktor faktor risiko lain yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi.

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ABSTRACTAnalysis on the Relationship between Work Stressors Perception and Hypertension among the I, II, III Level of Echelon Male Officials of A Government Office in Jakarta, 1999Scope and MethodologyThe objectives of this study are to know the relationship between work stressors perception and hypertension together with other risk factors of hypertension.: A cross-sectional study has been done on 156 subjects among the 1,11,111 level of echelon male officials of a government office in Jakarta who were selected by inclusion criteria. The instrument of Stress Diagnostic questionnaire was used to measure work stressors perception (i.e. role ambiguity, role conflict, over work load quantitative, over work load qualitative, career development, personal responsibility) and other questionnaires which include risk factors of hypertension and a standard of sphygmomanometer for measuring blood pressures and a bathroom scales for measuring weight. This study also used data of medical check--up in 1999 for knowing subjects health status and laboratory results like total blood cholesterol level and blood glucose level which indicate factors of hypertension risk Diagnosis of hypertension was conducted based on systolic hypertension that has been defined by WHO, ISH 1993, JNC V-1992 and/or on anti hypertensive treatment. Collected data was then analyzed by applying univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis like chi-square and logistic regression by using SPSS.Results and ConclusionIt is obtained that the prevalence of hypertension is 32.69% (higher compared to most people). There are no significant relationships between the six work stressors perception and hypertension. As for those relationships the prevalence of individual combined work stressors perception which presents dominant moderate degree (67.95%), has no significant relationships with hypertension. Whereas among other risk factors, only age (OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 101; 4.18), work duration at last position (OR = 0.48, 95%Cl.- 0.23 ; 0.99) and coffee intake (OR = 0.45, 95%C::: 0.22 ; 0.93) indicate significant relationships with hypertension (p < 0.05). Generally the study shows that there are no significant relationships between work stressors perception and hypertension risk Among other risk factors, eider factor was positively related to hypertension risk, whereas shorter work duration factor and coffee consumption factor were negatively related to hypertension risk, meaning that both of them decreased hypertension riskA further research will have to be conducted by including the other hypertension risk factors.

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"Pekerjaan sebagai pilot penerbangan sipil dipandang sebagai pekerjaan dengan tingkat stres yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh stresor kerja dan faktor lainnya terhadap gangguan mental-emosional pilot penerbangan sipil. Penelitian dilakukan secara cross-sectional melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner khusus terhadap pilot-pilot sebuah penerbangan sipil yang sedang melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan rutin bulan Mei - Juli 1999 di Jakarta. Lima aspek stresor kerja yang dinilai adalah kondisi kerja, aspek fisik lingkungan kerja, pengembangan karir, organisasi dan aspek hubungan interpersonal. Penilaian gangguan mental-emosional menggunakan kuesioner Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL 90). Analisis statistik menggunakan risiko relatif dengan regresi Cox dengan waktu tetap. Sebanyak 109 kuesioner dapat dianalisis dari 128 subyek yang diwawancara. Sebagian besar subjek berstatus menikah (73,4%) dan memiliki ijazah D3 (91,7%). Jumlah subyek yang berpangkat captain dan first officer hampir sama. Prevalensi gangguan mental-emosional 39,4%. Faktor-faktor yang dominan berkaitan dengan gangguan mental-emosional adalah stresor kerja dan ketegangan dalam rumah tangga. Responden dengan stresor kerja yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang rendah mempunyai risiko 4,6 kali mengalami gangguan mental-emosional dari pada responden dengan stresor kerja rendah [risiko relatif (RRa) = 4,64; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 1,01-19,65]. Penatalaksanaan yang memadai diperlukan dalam menangani stresor kerja dan ketegangan rumah tangga yang mempengaruhi timbulnya gangguan mental-emosional. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:117-21)

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Civilian airline pilots have one of the most stressful occupations. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of work stressors and other factors on mental-emotional disturbances among airline pilots. A cross-sectional study was done by interviewing selected pilots of an airline using appropriate questionnaires, during their routine medical examination from May to July 1999 in Jakarta. Five aspects of work stressor were assessed: working conditions, physical conditions of working environment, career development, organization and interpersonal relationship. Mental-emotional disturbances were determined by using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL 90) questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using relative risk by Cox regression with constant time. From 128 subjects interviewed, 109 could be analyzed. Most of the subjects were married (73.4%) and college graduates (91.7%). The number of captains and first officers were almost equal. The prevalence of mental-emotional disturbances was 39.4%. Mental-emotional disturbances were significantly related to work stressors and moderately related to household tension (P = 0.184). Compared to pilots with low levels of work stressors, those with high or very high levels of work stressors had a risk of 4.6 times of mental-emotional disturbances [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 4.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01 ? 19.65]. Adequate guides to cope work stressors and household tension which related to mental-emotional disturbance is recommended. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:117-21)"

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian : Untuk mengetahui hubungan stresor kerja dengan gejala gangguan kesehatan jiwa, serta faktor risiko yang mempengaruhinya telah dilakukan penelitian Cross Sectional pada 410 orang karyawan di Urusan Pengawasan Perbankan sebuah bank di Jakarta. Instrumen yang digunakan ialah Kuesioner Diagnosis Sires untuk mengukur stresor kerja konflik peran, ketaksaan peran, beban kerja kualitatif, beban kerja kuantitatif, pengembangan karir, dan tanggung jawab terhadap orang lain dan Kuesioner Symptoms Check List 90 (SCL 90) untuk mengukur adanya gejala gangguan kesehatan jiwa atau psikopatologi. Kedua instrumen ini sudah divalidasi dan dinilai cukup akurat untuk digunakan pada orang Indonesia. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan analisis bivariat, dilanjutkan dengan matrik korelasi dan linear multivariate regression. Hasil dan Kesimpulan : Didapatkan persentase tertinggi pada ke enam stresor kerja yaitu pada derajat stres sedang. Prevalensi gejala gangguan kesehatan jiwa pada populasi ini 27.5% ( lebih tinggi dibandingkan masyarakat umum perkotaan ). Keenam stresor kerja menunjukkan hubungan sangat bermakna dengan gejala gangguan kesehatan jiwa yang timbul, kecuali stresor kerja tanggung jawab terhadap orang lain untuk kelompok derajat stres tinggi. Kecendrungan untuk timbulnya gejala gangguan kesehatan jiwa berkisar 2.3 - 6.7 x lebih besar untuk kelompok derajat stres sedang dan 7.8 - 36.7 x lebih besar untuk kelompok derajat stres tinggi dibandingkan kelompok derajat stres rendah. Ke enam stresor kerja juga menunjukkan korelasi positif bermakna dengan gejala gangguan kesehatan jiwa dengan koefisien korelasi terendah pada stresor tanggung jawab terhadap orang lain (r = 0.30) dan tertinggi pada stresor kerja beban kerja berlebih kualitatif ( r = 053 ). Yang paling berperan terhadap timbulnya gejala gangguan jiwa yaitu stresor beban kerja kualitatif, dan yang terkecil perannya ialah stresor tanggung jawab terhadap orang lain. Juga didapat hasil bahwa masih ada faktor-faktor lain yang cukup berperan tetapi tidak diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Adapun kumpulan gejala gangguan kesehatan jiwa yang menonjol pada populasi ini ialah somatisasi ( 46.3 % ), obsesi-kompulsi ( 45.6 %) dan psikotisisme ( 43.9%). Faktor sosio-demografi (umur, sex, pendidikan, status perkawinan, jabatan, dan lama bekerja ) tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna terhadap gejala gangguan kesehatan jiwa. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menyertakan faktor-faktor lain yang berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya gejala gangguan kesehatan jiwa.

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The Scope and Method of Study : In order to study the relationship between work stressors and mental disorder symptoms together with the influencing risk factors, a cross sectional study has been done on 410 Bank Monitoring Department employees of a bank in Jakarta. The instruments used were Stress Diagnostic Questionnaire which measured the work stressors, i.e. role conflict, role ambiguity, work overload (both quantitative and qualitative), career development and personal responsibility and Symptom Check List 90 Questionnaire (SCL-90) to measure the existence of mental disorder symptoms or psychopathology. Both instruments have been validated and regarded to be accurate enough to be applied on Indonesian people. Collected data have been analyzed using bivariate analysis, continued with correlation matrix and linear multivariate regression.

Results and Conclusion : The highest percentage found in the six work stressors is on moderate stress level. The prevalence of mental disorder symptoms in this population is 27.5% ( higher compared to most people in urban cities ). There are significantly relationship between the six work stressors and mental disorder symptoms, except for the personal responsibility stressor for the high level stress group. The tendency of mental disorder symptoms occurrence was 2.3 - 6.7 X higher for the moderate stress level group and 7.8 - 36.7 X higher for high Ievel stress group compared with low level stress group. The six work stressors also show a significantly positive correlation with mental disorder symptoms and the lowest correlation coefficient on personal responsibility stressor ( r = 0.30 ), the highest on qualitative work overload stressor ( r = 0.53 ). Among the six stressors, the most dominant in causing mental disorder symptoms is qualitative work overload stressor and the least dominant is personal responsibility. There are other important influencing variables but not included in this research. The dominant mental disorder symptoms in this population are somatisation ( 46.3% ), obsessi-kompulsive ( 45.6% ) and psychotisism ( 43.9% ). There are no significantly relationship between socio-demography factors ( age, sex, education, marital status, title and number of years in the job) and mental disorder symptoms. A further research will have to be conducted by including the other mental disorder influencing factors."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Metodologi:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara stresor kerja dengan gangguan daur haid, dengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor risiko lain. Telah dilakukan penelitian cross-sectional pada 100 orang pramugari udara status menikah dari satu perusahaan penerbangan. Untuk mengukur stresor kerja digunakan instrumen Diagnosis Stres, sedangkan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan gangguan daur haid digunakan kuesioner lain. Gangguan daur haid sendiri diketahui dari kartu catatan daur haid. Teknik analisis yang digunakan : univariat, bivariat dan multivariat secara kai kuadrat dan regresi logistik muitinomial, dengan menggunakan program SPSS.Hasil dan Kesimpulan:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi gangguan daur haid 53% (lebih tinggi dibandingkan surveilans Pusat Kesehatan). Dari ke enam jenis stresor kerja hanya beban kerja kuantitatif tinggi (OR=3,79, 95%CI:1,04;13,76) yang mempunyai hubungan bermakna terhadap risiko gangguan daur haid. Ketaksaan peran yang tinggi dan indeks massa tubuh tidak berhubungan terhadap risiko gangguan daur haid.Secara umum penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa timbulnya gangguan daur haid pada pramugari udara status menikah terutama berhubungan dengan beban kerja kuantitatif tinggi dan tidak berhubungan dengan ketaksaan peran dan indeks massa tubuh, hal ini karena mekanisme penanggulangan. terhadap stres kerja maupun manajemen stres yang kurang baik pada waktu penerbangan padat dan singkat.The Relationship between Work Stressors and Menstrual Dysfunction among Of Married Airline Stewardesses PT ?X' In the Year 2001-2002

Scope and Methodology:

The objective of this study is to know the relationship between work stressors and menstrual dysfunction in correlation with other risk factors. A cross-sectional study has been carried out using one hundred married status stewardesses of an airline company. The instrument used in the study is Stress Diagnostic Survey questionnaire to measure work stressors and other questionnaires regarding risk factors of menstrual dysfunction. The menstrual dysfunction it self was diagnosed by using a menstrual recording charts. Univariate, bivariate, multivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used for statistical analyses by using SPSS.

Result and Conclusion:

The prevalence of menstrual dysfunction was 53%. These figures are higher compared to Medical Centre Surveillance. From six work stressors, only one stressor is quantitative over load work (OR=3,79, 95%CI : 1,4;13,76) indicate a significant correlation with menstrual dysfunction. The role ambiguity and body mass index stressor showed no correlation with menstrual dysfunction.

In general the study has shown that the prevalence of menstrual dysfunction among the stewardesses was correlated to quantitative over load work and has no correlation with role ambiguity and body mass index stressor. These finding may be caused by improper stress release coping mechanism or in sufficient stress management in crowded and short flight."

"Questions about the causes or sources of work stress have been the subject of considerable research, as well as public fascination, for several decades. Earlier interest in this issue focused on the question of whether some jobs are simply more inherently stressful than others. Other questions that soon emerged asked whether some individuals were more prone to stress than others. The Handbook of Work Stress focuses primarily on identifying the different sources of work stress across different contexts and individuals. "

"Latar belakang. Pandemi Covid-19 membawa perubahan yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk menekan penyebaran Covid-19 sehingga diberlakukan aturan Work From Home (WFH) bagi dunia kerja. Saat kasus Covid-19 mulai menurun, perkantoran perlahan mulai kembali ke Work From Office (WFO). Perubahan sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 menimbulkan tekanan yang membuat persepsi tertentu terhadap stres dan stressor kerja setiap saat.Metode. Penelitian dilakukan di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Tangerang dengan menggunakan metode campuran, metode kuantitatif digunakan untuk mendapatkan gambaran deskriptif stres kerja dan stresor menggunakan kuesioner SV-NBJSQ (Short Version New Brief Job Stres Questionnaire) versi bahasa Indonesia dan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam semi terstruktur untuk mendapatkan gambaran persepsi pekerja terhadap stres kerja dan stresor di masa sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19.Hasil. Prevalensi stres kerja saat WFO masa pandemi Covid-19 sebesar 28%, dengan gejala stres kerja yaitu kurangnya vigor sebesar 18.3 %, kelelahan 12.2%, kecemasan 9.8%, dan stres reaksi fisik 3.7%. Hasil stresor kerja adalah tuntutan emosional 31.7%, konflik peran 28 % , keseimbangan kerja negatif  24.4%, dan kelebihan beban kuantitatif 15.4%. Didapatkan kategori persepsi stres dan stresor kerja di masa sebelum pandemi Covid-19, WFH dan WFO masa pandemi Covid-19 sesuai dengan kata kuncinya.Kesimpulan. Wawancara mendalam dapat menggali jawaban kuesioner tentang gejala stres yang ada dan penyebab stres yang mendasarinya. Terdapat perbedaan dan persamaan persepsi stres dan stresor kerja pada pekerja pelayanan publik saat sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 yang selanjutnya dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi perusahaan yang akan terus dapat mengalami perubahan akibat pandemi Covid-19 yang masih belum berakhir.

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Background. The Covid-19 pandemic has brought changes  that made by the government to suppress the spread of Covid-19 so that Work From Home (WFH) regulation were held for the world of work. As  Covid-19 cases began to decline, offices slowly began going back to the Work From Office (WFO). Changes before and during the Covid-19 pandemic created a pressure that made certain perceptions of stress and work stressors at all times.

Method. The research was carried out at the Tax Service Office in Tangerang using a mixed method where quantitative methods are used to get a descriptive picture of work stress and stressors using the Indonesian version of the SV-NBJSQ ( Short Version New Brief Job Stres Questionnaire) and qualitative methods with semi-structured in-depth interviews to obtain in period before, during the WFH, along with the WFO Covid-19 pandemic to workers in public service offices.

Results. The prevalence of work stress during WFO during the Covid-19 pandemic was 28%, with the results of work stress in the form of low vigor of 18.3%, fatigue of 12.2%, anxiety of 9.8%, stress of physical reactions 3.7%. The results of work stressors are emotional demands 31.7%, role conflict 28%, negative work balance 24.4%, and quantitative load 15.4%. The categories of perception stress and work stressors were obtained before the Covid-19 pandemic, WFH and WFO during the Covid-19 pandemic according to the keywords.

Conclusion. In-depth interviews could explore the questionnaire answers about existing stress symptoms and the underlying stressors. There are differences and similarities between perceptions of stress and work stressors for public service workers before, and during the Covid-19 pandemic which could then be a factor of consideration for companies that will necessarily continue to experience changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic which currently is still happening."