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Abstrak :
Penelitian pada makalah ini menyajikan pendekatan riset operasi untuk mengoptimalkan penjadwalan di perusahaan penerbangan. Pekerjaan pemeliharaan pesawat oleh tenaga kerja yang profesional itu dilakukan diantara waktu kedatangan dan waktu keberangkatan pesawat. Meskipun perawatan ini dilakukan dengan waktu yang terbatas dan kenyataannya kedatangan pesawat itu tidak selalu sama setiap waktu, maka pekerjaan pemeliharaan tetap harus selesai tepat waktu dan tanpa mengurangi tingkat keselamatan penerbangan. Pekerjaan pemeliharaan pesawat di line itu dilakukan selama atau diantara waktu operasi, ketika pesawat terbang melakukann transit dan ketika pesawat terbang parkir di malam hari. Oleh karenanya perlu untuk membuat suatu rosters personil perawatan pesawat yang dapat disesuaikan untuk meminimalkan biaya tetapi tetap memperhitungkan dan diterima dalam hal tingkat keamanan dan peraturan penerbangan. Oleh karena itu, perlu optimasi untuk ditetapkan waktu mulai shift kerja lalu jumlah tenaga kerja yang sesuai dengan tenaga kerja yang tersedia. Algoritma akan dipersiapkan untuk mencari solusi terbaik dari shift kerja dan jumlah tenaga kerja di setiap shift kerja itu. Dengan meningkatnya jumlah variabel keputusan dan kendala, metode riset operasi diharapkan dapat membantu untuk menemukan jadwal yang optimal. ......This paper presents an operational research approach to optimize scheduling at an airline company The maintenance is done by professional manpower between aircraft arrival and departure time. Although this maintenance is done with limited time and aircraft arrival is not same in every time, the maintenance must be finished on time and without decreasing the safety of the flight. Aircraft line maintenance work during operation time, when the aircraft transit and when the aircraft remain over night. It as an avantage to build aircraft maintenance personnel rosters that can be adapted to minimize cost but acceptable in term of safety level and regulation. Therefore, need an optimization for the start time of work shift and the numbers of manpower that appropriate with the workforce. The algorithm will search the best solution of work shift and the numbers of manpower in every that work shift. With the increasing number of the decision variables and constraints, the operational research methode help to find the optimum schedule.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Rumah sakit menyediakan pelayanan kesehatan selama 24 jam. Perawat sebagai bagian terpenting dari pelayanan kesehatan perlu memenuhi pelayanan 24 jam tersebut melalui kerja shift. Namun, perawat kerja shift lebih memiliki risiko penurunan kualitas tidur dibanding non-shift, yang dapat berdampak pada penurunan performa/kinerja. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas tidur antara perawat kerja shift dan non-shift. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang yang melibatkan 162 perawat di RSUD dr. H. Soemarno Sosroatmodjo Tanjung Selor, yang dipilih dengan proportional random sampling. Data demografi diambil melalui kuesioner A, kerja shift melalui kuesioner B dan kualitas tidur melalui kuesioner C The Pittsburgh Scale Quality Index. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan proporsi kualitas tidur buruk pada perawat yang bekerja shift 35.2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada perawat yang bekerja non-shift 10.5 . Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam kualitas tidur antara perawat yang bekerja shift dan non-shift x2 161 = 5.205; p = .023 Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini terdapat perbedaan kualitas tidur antara perawat kerja shift dan non-shift di RSUD dr. H. Soemarno Sosroatmodjo Tanjung Selor. Saran bagi manajemen dan keperawatan rumah sakit, untuk membuat kebijakan pengaturan jadwal kerja yang meminimalkan penurunan kualitas tidur dan peningkatan kualitas tidur seperti kebijakan napping.

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ABSTRAK
Hospitals provide a 24 hour health services. Nurses as an integral part of health services at the hospital need to work in shifts in order to deliver uninterrupted nursing care. Nevertheless, shift work nurses have a higher risk of sleep deprivation than non shift, which may have an impact on performance degradation. This research aimed to identify the difference of sleep quality between shift and non shift work nurses. The design of this study was a comparative descriptive with cross sectional approach involving 162 nurses in RSUD dr. H. Soemarno Sosroatmodjo Tanjung Selor, selected by proportional random sampling. Demographic data were collected through questionnaire A, shift work through questionnaire B and sleep quality through Questionnaire C The Pittsburgh Scale Quality Index. The result of statistical analysis showed that the proportion of poor sleep quality in shift nurses 35.2 was higher than in non shift nurses 10.5 . Further analysis showed that there were significant differences in sleep quality between shift and non shift nurses x2 161 5.205 p .023 . Our study concluded the significant difference of sleep quality between shift and non shift working nurses at RSUD Tanjung Selor. This study suggested hospital and nursing management to create policy work schedule arrangements that could improve sleep quality. This study also suggested the development of policy with respect to napping for shift nurses.

Abstrak :
Perawat merupakan petugas yang memberikan layanan asuhan keperawatan selama 24 jam kepada pasien serta memiliki sistem kerja shift dan hal ini dapat menyebabkan kelelahan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji faktor apa saja yang dapat menyebabkan kelelahan pada perawat yang bekerja shift maupun non shift. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Tempat penelitian di RSUD dr Slamet Garut, dengan sampel 150 perawat. Pengukuran kelelahan menggunakan International Fatigue Research Committee dan Piitsburg Sleep Quality Index serta Alat Actigraph untuk kualitas dan kuantitas tidur. Analisis data univariat menunjukkan 44.7 responden mengalami kelelahan berat, 80 perawat memiliki kualitas tidur buruk, 66,7 memiliki kuantitas tidur buruk dan mayoritas perawat 70 menjalankan sistem shift kerja. Hasil bivariat menggunakan pearson correlation yang memiliki hubungan dengan kelelahan yaitu shift kerja, beban kerja, waktu kerja dan kualitas tidur. Shift kerja dan sleep hygiene memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas dan kuantitas tidur. Kesimpulan shift kerja dan sleep hygiene merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kuantitas dan kualitas tidur, serta shift kerja, beban kerja, waktu kerja dan kualitas tidur merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kelelahan perawat di RSUD dr Slamet Garut.

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The nurse is an officer who provides nursing care services for 24 hours to the patient and has a shift work system and this can lead to fatigue. The purpose of this study to examine any factors that can cause fatigue in nurses who work both shift and non shift. Quantitative research method using cross sectional design. Place of study in RSUD dr Slamet Garut, with a sample of 150 nurses. Measurement of fatigue using International Fatigue Research Committee and Piitsburg Sleep Quality Index and Actigraph Tool for quality and quantity of sleep. Univariate data analysis showed that 44.7 of respondents had severe fatigue, 80 nurses had bad sleep quality, 66,7 had bad sleeping quantity and majority of 70 nurses were running work shift system. Bivariate result using pearson correlation which was related to fatigue of shift work, workload, working time and sleep quality. Shift work and sleep hygiene have a significant relationship with the quality and quantity of sleep. The conclusion is work shift and sleep hygiene are factors related to the quantity and quality of sleep, and work shift, workload, working time and sleep quality are factors related to nurse fatigue in RSUD dr Slamet Garut.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di negara berkembang maupun negara maju.1 Pada tahun 2007, sekitar 23,6 juta orang Amerika menderita DM, dimana sebagian besar adalah pekerja.2 Penelitian oleh Poulsen (2014) menemukan bahwa 3,5% petugas kesehatan menderita DM selama periode pengamatan 7 tahun.3 Informasi mengenai dampak kerja shift terhadap kontrol glikemik pada pada pekerja yang memiliki DM tipe 2 masih belum banyak diketahui. Metode Kasus wanita berusia 52 tahun bekerja sebagai perawat di rumah sakit, mengikuti jadwal shift malam dan telah didiagnosis DM tipe 2 sejak 7 tahun lalu. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui pencarian elektronik (PubMed dan ProQuest) serta hand searching dengan kata kunci “kontrol glukosa darah”, “diabetes mellitus tipe 2”, “kerja shift” dan “kerja shift malam” yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil Hasil pencarian didapatkan 92 studi dan 3 studi yang relevan ditemukan dengan desain potong lintang. Studi oleh Manodpitipong (2017) menunjukkan bahwa kerja shift malam dikaitkan dengan HbA1c yang lebih tinggi (p = 0,044) dibandingkan dengan kerja siang hari. Studi oleh Chalernvanichakorn (2008) memberikan hasil kontrol glikemik yang baik secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada pekerja harian dibandingkan pekerja shift (28,3% vs 15,8%) dengan p = 0,02. Studi oleh Ghazawy (2013) menunjukkan bahwa HbA1c lebih tinggi di antara pekerja dengan diabetes yang melakukan kerja shift dibandingkan dengan pekerja yang hanya bekerja siang hari (p = 0,01). Kerja shift sendiri berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengendalian diabetes (p = 0,04), dengan OR = 3,83 (1,02 – 14,34). Kesimpulan Bukti penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kerja shift malam dengan kontrol glikemik yang buruk pada pekerja dengan DM tipe 2. Pekerja shift malam berisiko 2-3 kali memiliki kontrol glikemik yang buruk daripada pekerja non-shift. Bukti yang ditemukan dalam studi Manodpitipong dan Chalernvanichakorn dapat diterapkan pada pasien ini karena karakteristik subjek penelitian yang sama. ......Background Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered to be one of a major problem in both developing and industrialized countries.1 As of 2007, approximately 23.6 million Americans have diabetes, most of whom are or wish to be participating members of the workforce.2 Research by Poulsen et al., (2014) found that 3.5% of health workers had diabetes during the 7-year observation period.3 A person with diabetes should be individually assessed to determine whether or not that person can safely and effectively perform the particular duties of the job in question.2 Shift work is considered to be disruptive to normal diurnal biological rhythms and has been associated with many health problems.4 Observational studies revealed that night-shift work is associated with increased risk of prevalent diabetes and incident diabetes.7 Information regarding the impact of shift work on blood glucose control or glycemic state in workers who have a history of type 2 diabetes is still not widely known. Method The case is about a 52-year-old female who worked as a nurse in non-intensive ward of government hospital and performed night shift work. She has been diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for seven years . A literature search was conducted through PubMed and ProQuest and also performed with the hand searching method. The inclusion criteria of this search strategy were systematic review, cohort study, worker with type 2 DM, shift work, blood glucose control and glycemic control. The exclussion criteria were articles not in english and inaccessible full text article. Then, they were critically appraised based on Center of Evidence- Based Medicine, Oxford University, Critical Appraisal for Etiology. Result Three relevant studies were found through literature searching and all of those studies were cross sectional design. The first study by Manodpitipong, et al.(2017) showed that night shift work was associated with significantly higher haemoglobin A1c (p = 0.044) compared with day work. While there were no differences between unemployed participants and day workers (p = 0.572). The second study conducted by Chalernvanichakorn, et al.(2008) give result that good glycemic control was significantly higher in day workers versus shift workers (28.3% vs 15.8%) with p = 0.02. A higher proportion of shift workers had hypoglycemic symptoms compared to day workers (42.5% vs. 26.7%). The third study by Ghazawy, et al.(2013) showed that HbA1c was significant higher levels among diabetic shift workers compared to diabetic day-time workers (p=0.01), where mean of current shift workers and former shift workers were 7.8±1.9 and 8.4±2.6, compared to 6.3±1.1. Shift work itself has a significant effect on control of diabetes (p = 0.04), with an OR = 3.83 (1.02 – 14.34), whereas age, duration of diabetes, BMI and waist circumference had no significant effect. Conclusion The research evidence found from the three studies above shows that there is association between night shift work and poor glycemic control in workers with type 2 DM. But the causation effect between the two variables cannot be determined yet, because there are many confounding factors that influence it. Night shift workers are two to three times more likely to have poor glycemic control than non-shift workers. The evidence found in the two study (Manodpitipong and Chalernvanichakorn) can be applied to our patient because of the same characteristic: female, diabetic worker, involved in night shift work. For future studies, cohort research should be conducted to find causality between shift work and glycemic control. Recommendation to our patient is to pay more attention to diet and adhere to treatment. It is necessary to inform the doctor that she is involved in shift work so that the doctor will provide a suitable regimen and diet for the patient.

Abstrak :
Research over the past decade has begun to show the many ways in which work affects sleep, and sleep affects work; this book brings all these research findings together in a state-of-the-art review. The book opens with a chapter on sleep disorders meant to ground organizational researchers in the science of sleep. Workplace issues that have benefitted from research for decades, such as shift work, occupational safety and road and transportation are covered in detail. In addition, emerging topics such as the intersection of sleep and work stress and non-work experiences, mood and emotions, energy management, unethical behaviors and work withdrawal (e.g., absenteeism) are considered in detail. Given the changing demographic composition of many workplaces, a separate chapter focuses on sleep and older workers. The book concludes with a consideration of how this information must now be integrated into the curricula of all business programs to enhance the practice of management, and individual and organizational functioning.