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"Kualitas sumber daya manusia salah satunya ditentukan oleh keadaan gizi masyarakat, terutama status gizi anak balita. Prevalensi gizi kurang anak balita di wilayah I kabupaten Pandeglang sebesar 21,4%. Pemantauan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak balita dapat dilakukan di posyandu. Cakupan penimbangan balita (D/S) di posyandu wilayah I kabupaten Pandeglang tahun 2003 masih rendah 51,40%.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran, faktor-faktor yang berhubungan, dan melihat faktor paling dominan terhadap cakupan penimbangan balita di posyandu wilayah I kabupaten Pandeglang tahun 2004. Rancangan penelitian cross-sectional, dilaksanakan di wilayah I kabupaten Pandeglang. Sampel posyandu sebagai unit analisis sebanyak 64 posyandu. Untuk mendapatkan data karakteristik posyandu, setiap posyandu diambil sampel ibu balita sebanyak 7 responden dan semua kader aktif sesuai kriteria. Sehingga jumlah sampel keseluruhan 448 responden ibu balita dan 160 responden kader posyandu aktif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sederhana, kecuali kader aktif diambil seluruhnya. Data karakteristik posyandu merupakan agregat dari seluruh responden (ibu balita dan kader) tiap posyandu. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah cakupan penimbangan posyandu, faktor kader (umur, pendidikan, rasa kerja, pengetahuan, penghargaan, proses penunjukkan dan pelatihan), supervisi petugas kesehatan, pembinaan desa, faktor ibu balita (pengetahuan, pendidikan, jumlah anak balita), dukungan tokoh masyarakat dan faktor posyandu (jangkauan, jadwal dan PMTPenyuluhan). Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif, uji Chi-Square dan Regresi Logistik.Rata-rata cakupan penimbangan balita di posyandu wilayah I kabupaten Pandeglang 57,6%. Hasil uji Chi-Square didapatkan 6 variabel babas yang berhubungan bermakna yaitu faktor kader (masa kerja, pengetahuan dan pelatihan), pengetahuan ibu balita, dukungan tokoh masyarakat dan PMT-penyuluhan. Dengan uji regresi logistik terdapat 5 variabel yang berhubungan secara bermakna yaitu masa kerja kader, pelatihan kader, pengetahuan ibu balita, dukungan tokoh masyarakat dan PMT-Penyuluhan, sedangkan faktor paling dominan adalah variabel pelatihan kader.Untuk meningkatkan cakupan penimbangan balita di posyandu perlu dibuat kebijakan dari kepala daerah tentang pelaksanaan pelatihan kader yang dilaksanakan bersamaan dengan pembinaan desa. Pelatihan kader dilaksanakan 3 bulan sekali di tingkat desa, yang sebelumnya belum pernah diselenggarakan secara berkala di tingkat desa. Pelaksanaannya bersamaan dengan pertemuan desa dengan materi yang disesuaikan kebutuhan dan waktu pelaksanaan hanya dalam sehari. PMT-Penyuluhan diadakan setiap bulan, dikelola oleh masyarakat dan sumber dana dari masyarakat yang potensial sebagai donatur, dengan dukungan yang baik dari tokoh masyarakat yang ada di wilayah posyandu.

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Factors Related To Coverage Of Weighing Of Underfive Children In Posyandus In Area I Of Pandeglang District Year 2004The quality of human resources is determined by, among others, the situation of community nutrition status, particularly of the underfives. Prevalence of undernourished children in Area I Pandeglang District was quite high, i.e. 21.4%. Monitoring of growth and development of underfives could be conducted in posyandu (integrated health post). Coverage of weighing (DIS) in posyandus in Area I Pandeglang District year 2003 was considered low, i.e. 51.40%.

This study aimed to describe factors related to the coverage of underfives weighing in Posyandus in Area I Pandeglang District year 2004. Design of the study was cross-sectional, study conducted in Area I of Pandeglang District with number of samples (posyandu) as unit of analysis of 64 posyandus. To obtain data on posyandu characteristics, 7 mothers for each posyandu were randomly selected as respondents as well as all active cadres. Thus, there were 448 mother respondents and 160 cadres respondents in total. Data on posyandu characteristics was aggregate of all respondents including coverage of weighing, cadres factors (age, education, length of work, knowledge, rewards, recruitment process, and training), supervision from health worker, support from village, mother factors (knowledge, education, number of underfive children), support from informal leader, and posyandu factors (distance, schedule, and food supplementation program). Analyses were conducted descriptively, chi-square test, and logistic regression.

The average coverage of weighing was 57.6%. The Chi-Square test found six independent variables with statistically significant association, i.e. cadre factors (length of work, knowledge, and training), mother's knowledge, informal leader support, and food supplementation program. Logistic regression test showed 5 significant variables, i.e. cadre's length of work, cadre's training, mother's knowledge, informal leader's support, and food supplementation program, with cadre's training as the most dominant factor.

To improve the .weighing coverage in posyandu, it is recommended to develop policy from local government on cadre's training which could be implemented simultaneously with village meeting. It is suggested to conduct short cadre's training once in three month at village level with various adjustable substances. Food supplementation program is suggested to be implemented monthly, organized by community, funded by economically potential community members, supported by community informal leader."

"Latar Belakang. Malnutrisi rumah sakit masih menjadi masalah global. Menemu-kenali malnutrisi selama perawatan serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi sangat penting untuk mencegah luaran yang buruk.Tujuan. Mengetahui angka kejadian perubahan berat badan selama perawatan dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pada pasien dewasa rawat inap.Metode. Desain kohort prospektif pada pasien usia 18-59 tahun. Pasien yang memenuhi inklusi dan eksklusi dilakukan pencatatan data demografis, Charlson Commorbidity Index (CCI), Rasio Neutrofil-Limfosit (RNL), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), imobilitas, polifarmasi, lama rawat, dan asupan energi. Pengukuran antropometri dilakukan pada awal dan akhir perawatan. Asupan energi diukur dengan metode Food Weighing untuk makanan dari rumah sakit dan Food Record untuk makanan dari luar rumah sakit. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat dilakukan pada faktor-faktor tersebut.Hasil. Terdapat 30 pasien yang diamati, dengan rerata usia 40,5 ± 11,6 tahun. Median lama rawat 6 (3 - 14) hari, median CCI 1 (0-7), median BDI 13 (3-35), dan median RNL 5 (1,1 – 19,6). Mayoritas pasien dirawat karena penyakit gastrointestinal akut dengan gejala depresi dan gizi kurang awal rawat didapatkan berturut-turut 33,3% dan 23,3% pasien. Sebanyak 46,7% pasien mengalami polifarmasi, 16,7% pasien mengalami imobilitas, dan 46,7% pasien mengalami penurunan berat badan selama perawatan. Didapatkan penurunan median berat badan 0,15 kg selama perawatan (p = 0,171). Analisis regresi linear berganda memperlihatkan imobilitas dan lama rawat dapat memprediksi 49,9% kejadian perubahan berat badan selama perawatan (Uji F; p ≤ 0,0001).Kesimpulan. Terdapat kecenderungan penurunan berat badan selama perawatan pada pasien dewasa rawat inap. Imobilitas dan lama rawat memengaruhi perubahan berat badan selama perawatan

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Background. Hospital malnutrition still pose a global problem. Identifying hospital malnutrition and related factors is important in order to prevent poor clinical outcome.

Aim. To determine weight change and related factors among adult hospitalized patients.

Method. A prospective cohort study recruited adult hospitalized patients aged 18-59 years. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed on demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), immobility, polypharmacy, length of stay, and energy intake data. Anthropometric measurement was performed upon admission and discharge. Energy intake was collected using Food Weighing method on hospital meal, and Food Record on non-hospital meal. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were carried out on those factors.

Result. Among 30 patients observed, mean age was 40.5 ± 11.6 years. Median length of stay was 6 (3 - 14) days, median CCI was 1 (0-7), median BDI was 13 (3-35), and median NLR was 5 (1.1 – 19.6). Majority of patients were hospitalized due to acute gastrointestinal disease. Depression and underweight were found among 33.3% and 23.3% patients, respectively. As much as 46.7% patients had polypharmacy, 16.7% patients had immobility, and 46.7% patients had weight loss during hospitalization. There was 0.15 kg weight loss observed (p = 0.171). Multiple linear regression analysis concluded that immobility and length of stay predict 49.9% in-hospital weight change (F test; p ≤ 0.0001).

Conclusion. There is an insignificant weight loss detected among adult hospitalized patients. Immobility and length of stay can affect in-hospital weight change."

"ABSTRAKPrevalensi gizi kurang di Indonesia memberikan angka yang cukup fluktuatif dari 18,4 persen (2007) menurun menjadi 17,9 persen (2010) kemudian meningkat lagi menjadi 19,6 persen (2013), masalah pendek pada balita juga masih cukup serius. Oleh karena itu, penimbangan berat badan setiap bulan penting dilakukan sebagai salah satu cara pemantauan pertumbuhan dan status gizi balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku penimbangan balita di wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan Indonesia tahun 2013. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dan dianalisis menggunakan chi-square. Populasi penelitian adalah balita umur 6-59 bulan di Indonesia yang menjadi sampel Riskesdas 2013, dengan sampel penelitian balita umur 6-59 bulan di Indonesia yang berhasil diwawancarai Riskesdas 2013 dan memiliki kelengkapan data variabel. Diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara faktor predisposisi (pekerjaan ibu, pendidikan ibu, pendidikan ayah, umur ibu, umur balita, jenis kelamin balita, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, hubungan balita dengan kepala keluarga, dan status ekonomi) dan faktor pemungkin (jenis wilayah, kepemilikan kartu KMS, kepemilikan kartu KIA) dengan penimbangan balita, baik di perkotaan maupun di perdesaan. Kecuali untuk pekerjaan ibu di daerah perkotaan yang menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik, pvalue=0,120. Untuk menurunkan angka balita tidak ditimbang maka diperlukan pendidikan kesehatan dan promosi kesehatan mengenai pentingnya penimbangan balita setiap bulannya.

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ABSTRACTPrevalence of malnutrition in Indonesia that was quite fluctuant, 18,4% in 2007 decreased to 17,9% (2010) and become inflated again to 19,6% in 2013. Also, stunting still a serious problem for under-five childern. Hence, monthly weighing is important as one of the monitoring growth and nutritional status for under-five childern. This research aims to understand determinant factors that associated with under-five children weighing behavior aged 6-59 month according to Urban and Rural areas in Indonesia in 2013. This research was quantitative with cross sectional design and chi-square analyzed. Population study was under-five children aged 6-59 month in Indonesia that was Riskesdas sample and sample study was under-five children aged 6-59 month in Indonesia that have been interviewed by Riskesdas 2013 and have comprehensive variable study. Result obtain significant association between predisposing factors (work status of mother, mother education, father education, mother age, under-five children age, relationship between under-five children and patriarch, gender of under-five children, under-five children size in family, and economic status) and enabling factors (type of living area, Maternal and Child Health handbook ownership, Road to Health Chart ownership) with wheighing behavior, even in Urban and Rural area. Except for work status of mother in Urban area show insignificant association according to statistic, pvalue=0,120. Conducting health education and health promotion are necessary for community to understand the importance of under-five children monthly weighing."

"Cakupan penimbangan balita di posyandu dari tahun 1994 -1998 provinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh berkisar antara 45,70% sampai 54,10%. Sementara itu di Kabupaten Aceh Timur angka cakupan penimbangan sebesar 49,06% (Profil Kesehatan D.I Aceh, 1998).Untuk meningkatkan angka cakupan penimbangan balita pemerintah melaksanakan program revitalisasi Posyandu di setiap desa. Program ini diharapkan mampu memperluas pemantauan status gizi balita sekaligus meningkatkan cakupan program gizi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran cakupan penimbangan balita di posyandu dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat faktor yang paling dominan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Aceh Timur.Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah Posyandu yang terdapat di Kabupaten Aceh Timur dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara systematic random sampling sebanyak 110 posyandu dengan jumlah responden 110 orang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 44,4% cakupan penimbangan balita di posyandu Kabupaten Aceh Timur masih rendah (< 60%) dan 55,6% dengan cakupan penimbangan baik (>60%).Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa posyandu yang mempunyai cakupan penimbangan baik dan rendah di Kabupaten Aceh Timur hampir sama. Faktor kemampuan kader, sarana, supervisi dan pembinaan desa mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap cakupan penimbangan balita tersebut. Disamping itu faktor kemampuan kader mempunyai hubungan yang dominan dengan cakupan penimbangan balita setelah faktor lain dikontrol.PeneIitian ini menyarankan adanya pelatihan kader yang kontinyu dalam rangka meningkatkan kemampuan, meningkatkan frekuensi supervisi oleh Puskesmas dan Dins Kesehatan Kabupaten, bantuan dana untuk melengkapi sarana dan kerja sama dengan aparat desa di dalam pembinaan guna meningkatkan cakupan penimbangan balita di posyandu.

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Factors Related to Weighing Coverage of Baby Under Five Years of Age at Posyandu In East Aceh District , September- December 1999The weighing coverage of baby under five years of age in Aceh Province from 1994 - 1998 were only around 45,70% up to 54,10%. Furthermore, in East Aceh district the coverage is only 49,06% (The Aceh Province Health Profile, 1998).To improve the program's coverage, the Indonesian Government tries to revitalize posyandu in every village all over the country. This revitalization program is expected to extensify nutrition status monitoring activities and to improve nutrtion program's coverage.The aim of this research was to describe of the program coverage at posyandu and related factors in East Aceh District.The research design was a cross sectional study_ Samples were Posyandu units in East Aceh District and sampling method was systematic random sampling with 110 cadres as respondents.The result of research showed that there were 44,4% posyandu units had low performance (under 60% of under five years visited posyandu). Therefore we conclude that low and high performances are similar in East Aceh District.This study also concluded that cadres ability/skills, completeness of posyandu equipments, supervision of Health Center and village leaders are significantly related to the posyandu performance. Further, it is shown that cadres' skill is the most important among these significant factors.This study recommend that (1) District or Health Center should strengthen their training program to improve the cadres' skills ; (2) Strengthen supervision activities by District or Health Center ; (3) Facilitate the posyandu with standard equipments ; and (4) Strengthen partnership and village empowerment to supervise the posyandu units."

"A cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Khan Kaen Regional Hospital, Thailand to investigate the relationship between protein energy and anorexia status in 100 adult hospitalized patients (50 males and 50 females), aged 20-50 years, who stayed 4-7 days in hospital. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) was diagnosed using Body Mass Index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 as a cut-off point and anorexia was based on the weight of leftover food; in this study leftover food containing > 213 (> 66.7%) of the energy served reflected anorexia. On admission, 30% of males were suffering from PEM and it increased to 34% on discharge while among females it was 28% both on admission and discharge. In men, 16% were suffering from anorexia on admission, which decreased to 10% on discharge while 6% of females were suffering from anorexia on admission and increased to 10% on discharge. The anorexia subjects had lower BMI and had a longer length of stay than the non-anorexic subjects (p < 0,05 in males).In conclusion, PEM of hospitalized patients occurred before admission and during hospitalization. There was a negative association between nutritional status and length of stay in hospital. PEM was found to be more prevalent in males than females and the leftover foods of males was also more than the females. The prevalence of PEM is related to leftover foods; it can be used as an estimate of anorexic status and represents an objective indicator for anorexia."

"LATAR BELAKANG. Pemantauan pertumbuhan balita merupakan kegiatan penting dalam menunjang upaya perbaikan gizi, karena memiliki fungsi penapisan, deteksi gangguan pertumbuhan, penentuan intervensi, dan sebagai alat edukasi. Untuk dapat digunakan sebagai indikator kesejahteraan di masyarakat, maka harus dihasilkan'" informasi yang berkualitas baik, terutama yang berkaitan dengan hasil penimbangan balita. Selama ini masalah kualitas data penimbangan posyandu sering dipertanyakan karena data yang sangat terbatas.TUJUAN. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mempelajari kualitas data hasil penimbangan kader, mempelajari faktor-faktor, dan merumuskan saran-saran untuk peningkatan kualitas data.METODOLOGI. Studi dilakukan di 4 kabupaten yaitu Sukabumi dan Bogor di Jawa Barat, serta Demak dan Semarang di Jawa Tengah. Sebanyak 18 posyandu di masing-masing Kabupaten di pilih dengan cara Multistage sampling. Secara keseluruhan ada 72 posyandu sebagai lokasi studi. Di masing-masing posyandu dipilih satu orang kader yang bertugas menimbang sebagai sampel studi. Kualitas data hasil penimbangan dinilai dengan presisi dan akurasi kader dalam penimbangan. Setiap kader menimbang 10 anak sebanyak 2 kali, kemudian anak yang sama ditimbang oleh petugas peneliti sebanyak 2 kali. Penilaian presisi dan akurasi dilakukan dengan metode yang tercantum pada buku 'Measuring Changes of Nutritional Status (WHO, 1983). Variabel lain yang dikumpulkan meliputi data diri kader meliputi umur, pendidkan, pekerjaan dan data yang berkaitan dengan lama kerja, pelatihan, perekrutan, pembinaan, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kader dalam menimbang. Analisa dilakukan secara deskriptif, dan analisa hubungan antara variabel bebas dengan tingkat presisi dan akurasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chi-Square.HASIL. Sebanyak 59,7 % kader memiliki tingkat presisi yang kurang baik dan hampir semua kader (97,2%) memiliki tingkat akurasi yang kurang baik. Dengan demikian kualitas data hasil penimbangan oleh kader masih sangat rendah. Dari 97,2% kader yang tidak akurat ternyata 82,5% tidak mendapat pembinaan yang baik. Faktor ketrampilan merupakan faktor penting pada kualitas data, sebagian besar kader kurang trampil, terutama dalam hal mengatur posisi bandul timbangan. Faktor ketrampilan kader ini lebih lanjut dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan kader dan pembinaan yang kurang dalam materi cara menimbang balita. Faktor-faktor lain tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan tingkat presisi maupun tingkat akurasi.KESIMPULAN. Kualitas data hasil penimbangan oleh kader masih sangat rendah. Faktor pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kader terutama dalam mengatur posisi bandul timbangan merupakan variabel yang penting dalam kaitannya dengan kualitas data.SARAN. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas data perlu dilakukan pembinaan secara berkesinambungan disamping pelatihan-pelatihan resmi yang dibentuk. Dalam hal ini pembinaan yang berkaitan dengan cara penimbangan perlu mendapat perhatian serius, disamping pembenahan posyandu dalam aspek lainnya seperti pemberian penghargaan dan sanksi. Selain itu juga dilakukan penyebaran informasi cara menimbang yang benar melalui kegiatan pembinaan yang teratur agar dapat ditingkatkan kualitas data penimbangan, dan menimbulkan budaya malu apabila tidak melaksanakan tugas dengan tanggung jawab.Daftar bacaan: 43 (1930-2002)

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The Relationship Between the Characteristics and the Precision and Accuracy of Posyandu Cadres in Weighing the Children, in the Districts of Sukabumi, Bogor, Demak and Semarang, in 2002BACKGROUND. One among others, growth monitoring is an important activity to support nutrition improvement program. Growth monitoring has several functions such as to identify the targets for intervention, to detect growth failure, to identify appropriate nutrition intervention, and as educational tool. A good quality growth monitoring data could be used as an indicator of social welfare, therefore, the reliability of weight data from monthly weighing activity at posyandu should be improved. Thus far, the quality of weight data is still questionable, but the effort to evaluate it is still rarely carried out.

OBJECTIVES. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the quality of weight data measured by posyandu cadre, to determine factors that are related to quality of weight data, and to formulate recommendation for improving the quality of weight data.

METHODS. The study was carried out in 4 districts, namely: Sukabumi and Bogor in West Java, Demak and Semarang in Central Java. Eighteen posyandus in each district were selected using multistage sampling. In a total 72 posyandus were covered as study locations. In each posyandu one cadre whose task is weighing was selected as a study sample. The quality of weight data was evaluated by looking at the precision and accuracy of cadre in weighing. Each cadre weighed 10 children twice. The same children also weighed by field staff twice. The evaluation of precision and accuracy is based an method provided in the guidance book for `Measuring Changes of Nutritional Status', WHO, 1983. Other variables were also collected such as age of cadre, educational level, occupation, duration of being cadre, frequency of training followed by cadre, recruitment, advisory, and the knowledge and the ability of cadre in weighing. Two types of data analysis were employed: descriptive analysis and association between dependent and independent variables using Chi-square test.

RESULTS. The precision and accuracy of cadre in weighing is significantly low. As many as 59.7% cadres were found to be imprecise, and 97.2% were found to be inaccurate in weighing. Around 83% of cadres who were inaccurate in weighing did not receive better guidance from the advisor. The ability of cadre in weighing is found to be an important factor that influences the quality of weight data, particularly in positioning the scale balancer ("bandul timbangan"). The ability of cadre in weighing is influenced by the lack in cadre's knowledge in how to weigh the child and the lack in guidance from the advisor. The other factors do not have significant association with precision and accuracy of cadre in weighing.

CONCLUSIONS. The quality of weight data measured by cadres is still very low. The knowledge and the ability of cadres in weighing, particularly in positioning scale balancer are the important factors that associated with the quality of weight data.

RECCOMENDATIONS. To improve the quality of weight data measured by cadres requires a regular and continuous guidance besides providing the cadres with formal trainings. Other than efforts to improve posyandu activity such as providing rewards and sanctions, a guidance related to method of weighing needs a serious attention, In addition, information related to quality of weight data needs to be observed, evaluated, and improved by the advisor through a regular advisory visit."

"ABSTRAKValiditas dan reliabilitas semiquantitative FFQ dalam mengukur asupan kalsium masih banyak menjadi perdebatan karena tidak melakukan pengukuran kuantitatif secara langsung. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas pengukuran asupan kalsium menggunakan semiqauntitative FFQ dengan golden standard food weighing. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan April sampai dengan Mei 2018 pada 54 Mahasiswa Gizi Universitas Indonesia yang dipilih dengan simple ramdom sampling. Validitas semiquantitative FFQ dalam mengukur kalsium dibandingkan dengan food weighing yang dilakukan selama dua hari, dan reliabilitas ditentukan dengan membandingkan asupan kalsium dua kali pengukuran menggunakan semiquantitative FFQ. Median asupan kalsium mahasiswa gizi Universits Indonesia berdasarkan semiquantitative FFQ median SD adalah 537 407,5 mg/hari. Sedangkan median asupan kalsium dari dua hari food weighing adalah 569 375,6 mg/hari. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara asupan kalsium dari kedua metode P>0,05. koefisien korelasi asupan kalsium kedua metode sebesar r=0,42 dengan korelasi yang signifikan P=0,001. Analisis surrogate category menunjukan bahwa semiquantitative FFQ dapat membedakan asupan kalsium pada berbagai tingkat kuartil asupan ANOVA, P80 mulai dari cutoff asupan 800mg/hari. Namun spesifisitas dan negative predictive value tetap

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ABSTRACTValidity and reliability of semiquantitative FFQ still in debate because it is not directly measure the quantitative amount of food consume. This study was aim to evaluated the validity and reliability semiquantitative FFQ in measuring calcium intake compare with food weighing as golden standard. This study was cross sectional study conducted in April until Mei 2018 to 54 female Nutrition student of Universitas Indonesia mean aged 21 years old selected by simple random sampling. Reproducibility was tested by the difference between calcium intakes from the semiquantitative FFQ completed twice. While respondent reported 2 days food weighing to got the true usual calcium intake to compared with semiquantitative FFQ. Median calcium intake responden based on semiquantitatvie FFQ was Mean SD 537 407,5 mg day. While median calcium intake from 2 days food weighing was 569 375,6 mg day. There was no statictical different of calcium intake between two method. Coeficient correlation between two method was r 0,42 with significant correlation among them p 0,001. FFQ could discriminate calcium intake into some different level of intake ANOVA, P80 using cutoff calcium start from 800 mg day. But the specificity and negative predictive value could not reach that value in all the cutoff used 700,800,1000,1100 mg day. There was a significant diference between calcium intake between first and second administration of semiquantiative FFQ."

"Latar Belakang: Penurunan kapasitas fungsional kerap terjadi pada pasien yang menjalani perawatan. Kekuatan genggam tangan merupakan salah satu metode dalam penilaian kapasitas fungsional. Sejauh ini hubungan kausatif dari faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan belum dapat di tentukan.Tujuan: Mengetahui angka kejadian perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan selama perawatan dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pada pasien dewasa rawat inap.Metode: Desain kohort prospektif terhadap 31 pasien rawat inap yang berusia 18-59 tahun. Pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dilakukan pencatatan data demografis, asupan energi, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Charlson Commorbidity Index (CCI), Rasio Neutrofil-Limfosit (RNL), Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI), jumlah obat (polifarmasi), dan lama rawat. Pengukuran kekuatan genggam tangan dilakukan pada awal dan akhir perawatan. Asupan energi diukur dengan metode Food Weighing untuk makanan dari rumah sakit dan Food Record untuk makanan dari luar rumah sakit. Analisis bivariat dilakukan untuk menilai hubungan faktor-faktor tersebut terhadap perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan.Hasil: Sampel penelitian berjumlah 31 subjek dengan rerata usia 43,32 ± 10 tahun, dan 54,8% adalah pria. Mayoritas subyek dirawat akibat gangguan gastrointestinal dan hepatobilier (54,8%). Median lama rawat 6 (3-15) hari, median CCI 1 (0-6), dan median RNL 6,1 (2,1-40,9). Median ASMI pada pria 7,4 (4,7-11,1) kg/m2 , dan wanita 7,2 (3,3-9,2) kg/m2. Sebanyak 22,5 % terdapat gejala depresi, dan 58,1 % mendapatkan polifarmasi. Rerata presentase asupan harian subyek penelitian adalah 74%. Terdapat penurunan kekuatan genggam tangan selama perawatan sebesar 1 kilogram yang tidak bermakna (p:0,133). Analisis bivariat mendapatkan lama rawat berkolerasi dengan perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan (r:-0,553; p:0,001). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan yang bermakna selama perawatan pada pasien dewasa rawat inap. Lama rawat memiliki korelasi dengan perubahan kekuatan genggam tangan.

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Background: Functional capacity decline often occurs in hospitalized patients. Hand grip strength is one of the methods in assessing functional capacity. So far, the causative relationship of the factors that influence changes in hand grip strength cannot be determined.

Purpose: To determine hand grip strenght changes and related factors among adult hospitalized patients.

Method: A prospective cohort study toward 31 adult hospitalized patients aged 18-59 years. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recorded. The data consist of demographic data, energy intake, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Charlson Commorbidity Index (CCI), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI), number of drugs (polypharmacy) and length of stay. Assessment of hand grip strength conducted upon the admission and discharge. Energy intake was assessed with food weighing method for the hospital food and food record for the noo-hospital. Bivariate analysis was conducted to assess the correlations of those factors with hand grip strength changes.

Result: Number of subjects was 31 with average age 43,32 ± 10 years and 54,8% of them were male. Majority of subjects were hospitalized due to gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders (54,8%). Median length of stay was 6 (3-15) days, median of CCI was 1 (0-6), and median of NLR was 6,1 (2,1-40,9). Median of ASMI in male was 7,4 (4,7-11,1) kg/m2 , and female was 7,2 (3,3-9,2) kg/m2. There was 22,5% depression symptoms and 58,1% polypharmacy. The daily intake percentage was 74%. There was a reduction of insignificant hand grip median during the treatment amount of 1 kilograms (p:0,133). Bivariate analysis shows that length of stay was correlated with the changes of hand grip strength (r:-0,553; p:0,001).

Conclusion: There was no significant changes of hand grip strength among adult hospitalized patients. Length of stay was correlated with the changes of hand grip strength."

"Akibat rendahnya cakupan penimbangan balita di posyandu tahun 1999 (angka D/S) maka 7.396 (4,72%) balita di Sumatera Barat jatuh pada keadaan kurang energi protein (KEP) sedang, 2.092 (1,3%) jatuh pada keadaan KEP berat (busung lapar), dengan kematian sebanyak 20 balita (0,05%). Untuk menurunkan angka KEP di atas pemerintah melaksanakan program penimbangan di posyandu di setiap desa. Kehadiran posyandu di setiap desa diharapkan mampu meningkatkan jumlah penimbangan balita (D/S) dengan demikian sekaligus mampu memperluas pemantauan status gizi balita dan program posyandu lainnya.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran cakupan penimbangan balita di posyandu, faktor-faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan cakupan tersebut serta melihat faktor mana yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi cakupan penimbangan di posyandu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan IV Jurai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Propinsi Sumatera Barat.Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan responden sebanyak 106 ibu balita di Kecamatan. IV Jurai Kabupaten. Pesisir Selatan Propinsi Sumatera Barat. yang dipilih secara systematic random sampling.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cakupan penimbangan balita di kecamatan ini sebesar 51,2%. Terdapat 4 (empat) faktor yang berhubungan dengan cakupan penimbangan balita yaitu faktor status bekerja dan pengetahuan ibu mengenai posyandu, faktor pelayanan posyandu serta faktor pembinaan oleh kader. Faktor pelayanan posyandu ternyata merupakan faktor dominan dari keempat faktor di atas.Penelititan ini juga menyarankan agar semua pihak khususnya jajaran kesehatan baik di level Puskesmas maupun tingkat Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan untuk tetap terus berusaha memperbaik manajemen mutu pelayanan kesehatan khususnya di tingkat posyandu. Juga disarankan agar Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan menganggarkan alokasi khusus kegiatan pelayanan posyandu untuk tahun anggaran 2001 dalam rangka mengantisipasi diberlakukannya Undang-undang No. 22 tahun 1999 tentang otonomi daerah.

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Correlation Between Mothers Characteristics of Under Five Children and Weighing Coverage in IV Jurai Sub District West Sumatera Province in Pesisir Selatan District, 2000A low weighing coverage for under five children in West Sumatera in 1999 caused a high prevalence of protein energy malnutrition, 4.72% and 1.3% respectively, for moderate and severe PEM with 0.05% death rate. To decrease the prevalence mentioned above government implements weighing program (integrated health posts, Posyandus ) in villages. The Posyandus are expected to increase the weighing coverage in order to monitor mutational status of the children.

This study aims to obtain a figure of weighing coverage at the Posyandus and factors related to coverage and also to know the predominant factors among them. The study was conducted in IV Jurai sub district.

Study design was a cross sectional one with under five old mothers as sample The number of respondents. The number of respondent was 106 selected through a systematic random sampling.

The study showed that 51.8% of the children have been coming to the Posyandu. The Study concluded that there are four variables correlating to weighing coverage. The four variables are: job mothers, factors related to Posyandu service, knowledge mother's and guidance of cadre.

Based on the study results it is suggested that Pesisir Selatan administration office district has to allocate the operational Posyandu budgeting in 2001."