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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Sektor pertanian mengonsumsi 70% air Indonesia, terutama dari komoditas padi. Pertanian organik dapat menjadi alternatif efisiensi air. Riset ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian jejak air komoditas padi organik yang meliputi perhitungan jejak air (operasional dan rantai pasok), valuasi ekonomi, analisis keberlanjutan multidimensi, hingga perumusan strategi dengan analisis SWOT. Berdasarkan perhitungan jejak air, pertanian padi organik dapat menghemat 52,8% jejak air karena eliminasi jejak air abu-abu dari bahan kimia berbahaya. Sementara itu, status keberlanjutan tergolong sangat berkelanjutan untuk dimensi lingkungan, cukup berkelanjutan untuk dimensi sosial, namun dimensi sosial dinilai kurang berkelanjutan karena tidak tersedianya pasar bagi komoditas padi organik. Harga jual yang lebih tinggi dan biaya produksi yang relatif rendah menyebabkan valuasi ekonomi pertanian padi organik lebih tinggi dibandingkan pertanian padi konvensional, sehingga harga padi organik dapat ditekan. Rumah Mikroorganisme Lokal sebagai konsep pemberdayaan komunitas sosial menjadi strategi berbasis turn around yang ditawarkan untuk mengoptimalkan pertanian organik dalam perwujudan pertanian berkelanjutan.

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ABSTRACT
Agricultural sector takes up to 70% to Indonesia water consumption, with rice as the highest. Organic farming comes up as an alternative for water efficiency. This research aims to assess water footprint of organic rice commodity, covering water footprint calculation (operational and supply chain), economic valuation, multidimensional sustainability analysis, and strategy conceptualization through SWOT analysis. According to water footprint calculation, organic rice farming saves 52.8% of water footprint due to elimination of gray water footprint as water polluted due to dangerous chemical used. Meanwhile, sustainability status is categorized as very sustainable for environment, fairly sustainable for social, meanwhile the economic is still less sustainable due to the limitation in market availability of organic rice. The higher selling price and lower production cost make the economic valuation of organic rice farming higher than the conventional. Therefore, the organic rice selling price should be lowered. Rumah Mikroorganisme Lokal as a concept of social community engagement is developed as turn around based strategy to optimize organic farming in achieving sustainable agriculture.

Abstrak :

Peningkatan konsumsi energi di Indonesia mendorong pertumbuhan produksi biodiesel dari kelapa sawit. Akan tetapi, produksi biodiesel dari kelapa sawit mengonsumsi sejumlah besar air dan energi untuk suplai air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis terhadap hubungan konsumsi air dan energi (water-energy nexus) pada produksi biodiesel di Provinsi Riau. Simulasi proses produksi biodiesel dilakukan menggunakan Unisim Design R390.1 sebagai bagian dari Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) untuk mengevaluasi konsumsi energi dan emisi CO₂. Konsumsi air pada produksi biodiesel ditentukan menggunakan metode water footprint. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa water footprint untuk FFB, CPO dan biodiesel adalah 671 m³/t FFB, 3.292 m³/t CPO, dan 3.432 m³/t biodiesel. Total konsumsi energi dan emisi CO₂ pada produksi biodiesel adalah 14,252 MJ/t biodiesel and 608,6 kg CO_2-eq/t biodiesel. Produksi CPO dan biodiesel di kilang membutuhkan air sekitar 41,2 dan 2,47 juta m³. Energi listrik yang dibutuhkan untuk menyuplai air tersebut adalah 91 dan 3,6 juta kWh. Dibandingkan dengan produksi energi lain, produksi biodiesel di Riau pada tahun 2017 merupakan konsumen air terbesar, yaitu sekitar 99,3% dari total air yang diambil, terutama digunakan pada tahap perkebunan, dan konsumen energi terbesar kedua, yaitu sekitar 31,7% dari total energi listrik untuk suplai air pada produksi CPO dan biodiesel.

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The increase of energy consumption in Indonesia induces the production of palm oil biodiesel. However, palm oil biodiesel production consumes a large amount of water and energy to supply water. The purpose of this study is to conduct analysis on the relationship between water and energy consumption (energy-water nexus) in biodiesel production in Riau Province. The process simulation of biodiesel production at refinery was done with Unisim Design R390.1 as part of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the energy consumption and CO₂ emission. Water consumption in biodiesel production was calculated using water footprint method. The result showed that water footprint for FFB, CPO, and biodiesel were 671 m³/t FFB, 3,292 m³/t CPO, and 3,432 m³/t biodiesel, respectively. The total energy consumption and CO₂ emission in biodiesel production was 14,252 MJ/t biodiesel and 608.6 kg CO_2-eq/t biodiesel. Production of CPO and biodiesel in refineries required around 41.2 and 2.47 million m³ of water. The electricity needed to supply water is 91 and 3.6 million kWh. Compared to other energy production, biodiesel production in Riau in 2017 is the largest water consumer, around 99.3% of total water abstraction, which is mainly rainwater used for plantation stage, and the second largest energy consumer, about 31.7% of total electricity to supply water for CPO and biodiesel production.

Abstrak :
The onset of climate change has resulted in the development of strategies which try to mitigate the excessive generation of carbon dioxide (CO2). The trasnport sector for example, which contributes more than 10% of the global CO2 emmision, is promoting the use of biofuels in order to improve a nation's energy security and to reduce the sector's carbon footprint. Biofuels which are sourced from agricultural feedstocks will require more water resources than their fossil fuel counterparts and with climate change affecting rainfall patterns, it is expected that water resources will become more scarce. A fuzzy multi-objjective mathematical model for optimizing the biofuel supply chain in consideration of multiple regions is developed in this paper. The model seeks to identify how resources should be allocated in the presence of regional water constraints to satisfy the growing demand for biofuels. A case study on bioethanol produced from different indigenous feedstocks in three Asian countries is presented to demonstratee the capabilities of the model.