Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Fosfor (P) merupakan salah satu mineral dalam limbah kotoran manusia yang kurang dimanfaatkan. Tidak ada prioritas global untuk memastikan aksesibilitas fosfor yang cukup di masa mendatang sehingga perlu adanya pemulihan atau daur ulang fosfor, salah satunya ialah melalui proses fermentasi secara anaerobik untuk dipergunakan kembali sebagai produk agrikultur berupa pupuk. Dalam pengolahan anaerobik, proses fermentasi akan menghasilkan produk berupa volatile fatty acid (VFA) yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam produksi bioplastik, bioenergi, dan penyisihan nutrien dari limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pelepasan fosfor dan produksi VFA dari lumpur tinja melalui proses fermentasi. Penelitian didahului dengan pengujian ICP-OES untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik lumpur tinja, kemudian proses fermentasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor batch selama delapan (8) hari. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum pelepasan fosfor dan produksi VFA berada pada hari ke-8 fermentasi dengan perolehan konsentrasi fosfor terlarut sebesar 52,02 mg/L, persentase P-release sebesar 6%, dan konsentrasi VFA sebesar 1.351,35 mg/L. Pelepasan fosfor dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan bakteri asidogenik dalam reaktor dapat melepaskan fosfor sekaligus memproduksi VFA. Produksi VFA dan pH, kandungan logam berat, serta bahan organik kompleks juga memengaruhi pelepasan fosfor seiring berjalannya proses fermentasi yang terbukti dengan adanya tren peningkatan dan penurunan konsentrasi fosfor selama penelitian berlangsung. ......Phosphorus (P) is one of the underutilized minerals in human waste. There is no global priority to ensure sufficient phosphorus accessibility in the future, necessitating phosphorus recovery or recycling. One method for this is through anaerobic fermentation to be reused as agricultural products like fertilizers. In anaerobic treatment, the fermentation process also produces volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which can be applied in the production of bioplastics, bioenergy, and nutrient removal from waste. This study aims to identify phosphorus release and VFA production from fecal sludge through fermentation. The study began with ICP-OES testing to identify the characteristics of fecal sludge, followed by an eight-day batch reactor fermentation process. The experimental results showed that the optimal conditions for phosphorus release and VFA production were on the 8th day of fermentation, with a dissolved phosphorus concentration of 52.02 mg/L, a P-release percentage of 6%, and a VFA concentration of 1,351.35 mg/L. Phosphorus release was influenced by the presence of acidogenic bacteria in the reactor, which release phosphorus while producing VFAs. VFA production, pH, heavy metal content, and complex organic matter also affected phosphorus release throughout the fermentation process, as evidenced by the trends of increasing and decreasing phosphorus concentrations observed during the study.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penyebaran lemak pada manusia terbagi dua, yaitu lemak di area subkutan dan lemak di area viseral VFA . Deposit lemak terbesar terletak di area subkutan, disebut sebagai lemak tubuh. Sementara sisanya di viseral yang terdapat dalam rongga abdomen dan rongga dada. VFA adalah lemak yang berbahaya, sehingga pada penelitian ini akan dibentuk model regresi linier berganda untuk mengetahui cara mengendalikan kadar VFA dengan lebih tepat berdasarkan variabel-variabel body mass index BMI , basal metabolic rate BMR , usia kronologis, usia biologis lemak tubuh, dan skeletal muscle. Terdapat dugaan bahwa kadar VFA dan variabel-variabel lain yang diperhatikan dalam weight management berbeda antara pria dan wanita, sehingga dibentuk model regresi secara terpisah untuk kelompok pria dan kelompok wanita. Uji Chow dilakukan untuk menguji kesamaan kedua model regresi untuk kelompok pria dan kelompok wanita. Apabila model regresi untuk kelompok pria dan kelompok wanita sama, maka akan dibentuk model regresi gabungan dari kelompok pria dan kelompok wanita yang dapat menjelaskan pengendalian kadar VFA terhadap variabel-variabel terkait pada pria dan wanita.

---

ABSTRACT
The spread of fat in human rsquo s body divided by two. First is subcutaneous fat area and second is visceral fat area VFA . The largest fat deposit in human body is in the subcutaneous area. This fat is called body fat. While the remain of fat in human rsquo s body is located in visceral area inside abdominal cavity and chest cavity. VFA is a dangerous fat, so this study will form multiple linear regressions model to know how to control VFA level more precisely based on body mass index BMI , basal metabolic rate BMR , chronological age, biological age, body fat, and skeletal muscle variables. There is presumption that VFA level and other variables that are considered in weight management are different between male and female, so the regression models for male and female groups are built separately. The Chow test is performed to test the similarity of both regression models for male and female groups. If both regression models for male and female groups are same, the combined regression model will be built for male and female groups which can explain the control of VFA level to related variables in both male and female.

Abstrak :
The performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) to process organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) can be improved with various pre-treatments. Mechanical pre-treatments, mainly chopping, have shown to be the most economical and relatively effective method to increase contact between the substrate and microorganisms. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of OFMSW particle size on CH4 gas formation in a laboratory-scale Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) assay. The research was conducted for 35 days at a temperature of 35°C with three sizes of OFMSW co-digested with cow manure. OFMSW with particle sizes of 10-13 mm, 4.76-10 mm, and 2-4.76 mm produce CH4 gas with an average of 114.7+14.7 ml, 101.7+0.5 ml, and 110.9+10.8 ml, respectively, while methane yield was 0.277 L CH4/g VS, 0.208 L CH4/g VS, and 0.229 L CH4/g VS, respectively. Particle size is more likely to have an influence on the hydrolysis and acidogenesis processes, as demonstrated by the significant difference of VFA value, but not on the biogas potential. Particle sizes of 13-15 mm produce 19.25 mg VFA/L, while the size range of 2-4.76 mm produces 118.1 mg VFA/L.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Anaerobic Digestionadalah teknologi alternatifuntuk mengolah sampah makanan. Namun proses AD dapat dipengaruhi beberapa elemen yang dapat bersifat racun. Salah satunya adalah sodium, kandungan sodium dalam sampah makanan dengan kosentrasi > 3.100 mg/L berpotensi mengakibatkan inhibisi yang berdampak pada ketidakseimbangan proses AD dengan indikator pembentukan VFA dan penghilangan PCOD. Inhibisi sodium dapat dikendalikan dengan magnesium karena ion logam magnesium memiliki efek berlawanan terhadap inhibisi sodium dengan mereduksi konsentrasi VFA dan meningkatkan persentase penyisihan COD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan magnesium terhadap VFA dan PCOD pada tahap hidrolisis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan single stagereactor berkapasitas 848 L selama 192 hari. Pada tahap penelitian yang dilakukan selama 50 hari, reaktor diisi substrat 5 hari dalam seminggu dengan Organic Loading Rate(OLR) 10 kg VS/m3dalam 2 fase pengisian, fase kontrol dan fase uji. Pada fase kontrol reaktor hanya diisi substrat, sedangkan pada fase uji, selain substrat, magnesium (MgSO4) ditambahkan sebanyak 170 gr/hari. Pada kondisi steady state, fase kontrol menunjukkan rata-rata penyisihan COD 94,2 ± 3,34%, SCOD 98 ± 1%, PCOD 94 ± 3,6%, serta pembentukan VFA 1.800 ± 200 mg/L dan laju hidrolisis 6,92 ± 0,32 mg.PCOD/L/d. Penambahan MgSO4 pada fase uji menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) pada pembentukan VFA menjadi 1.066 ± 57,7 mg/L. Sedangkan rata-rata penyisihan COD, SCOD, dan PCOD tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p > 0,05) dengan nilai masing-masing sebesar 84,7 ± 6,8%; 96 ± 1%; 83,3 ± 7,3%. Laju hidrolisis pada fase uji juga tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan menjadi 6,24 ± 0,57 mg.PCOD/L/d. Penelitian ini juga meninjau hubungan antara parameter VFA dan PCOD dengan laju hidrolisis. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan tingkat korelasi yang kuat (P = 0,67) antara parameter VFA terhadap laju hidrolisis, sedangkan hasil uji parameter PCOD menunjukkan tingkat korelasi sedang (P = 0,41) terhadap laju hidrolisis. Saat laju hidrolisis tinggi maka tingkat pembentukan VFA dan penyisihan PCOD meningkat

---

ABSTRACT
Anaerobic Digestion is an alternative technology used for treating food waste. But the AD process can be influenced by several elements that can be toxic. One of them is sodium, the sodium content in food waste with a concentration of > 3.100 mg/L has the potential to cause inhibition which results in an imbalance of the AD process with indicators of VFA formation and PCOD removal. Sodium inhibition can be controlled with magnesium because magnesium metal ions have the opposite effect on sodium inhibition by reducing VFA concentration and increasing the percentage of COD removal. This study aims to analyze the effect of magnesium addition on VFA and PCOD at the hydrolysis stage. This research was conducted with a 848 L capacity single stage reactor for 128 days. In the research stage carried out for 50 days, the reactor is filled with substrate 5 days a week with Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of 10 kg VS / m3 with 2 filling phases, control phase and test phase. In the control phase, the reactor is only filled with substrate, while in the test phase, in addition to the substrate, magnesium (MgSO4) is added as much as 170 gr/day. In steady state conditions, the control phase shows the average COD removal 94.2 ± 3.34%, SCOD 98 ± 1%, PCOD 94 ± 3.6%, and formation of VFA 1,800 ± 200 mg/L and hydrolysis rate 6.92 ± 0.32 mg.PCOD/L/d. The addition of MgSO4in the test phase showed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the formation of VFA to 1,066 ± 57.7 mg/L. While the average allowance for COD, SCOD, and PCOD did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05) with a value of 84.7 ± 6.8% respectively; 96 ± 1%; 83.3 ± 7.3%. The hydrolysis rate in the test phase also did not show a significant difference to 6.24 ± 0.57 mg.PCOD/L/d. This study also reviewed the relationship between VFA and PCOD parameters with the hydrolysis rate. Correlation test results showed a strong level of correlation (P = 0.67) between VFA parameters on the rate of hydrolysis, while the PCOD parameter test results showed a moderate correlation level (P = 0.41) to the rate of hydrolysis. Therefore, when the hydrolysis rate is high, the level of VFA formation and PCOD removal increases.