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"ABSTRACTIn this paper, we develop a four stage procedure for evaluating and improving a suppliers volume flexibility. In the first stage, we use historical demand data to develop a model for forecasting their future quantities. In the next stage, we develop an algorithm for smoothing the forecasted future demands. We show that applying this algorithm not only reduces production fluctuations and damages, but also improves the flexibility of the supplier and hence the overall supply chain. We investigate the economical conditions of applying this algorithm. In the third stage, by considering the forecasted future demands, we develop a mathematical single-period flexibility measure. In the fourth stage, the developed measure is extended to a multi period model for applying in the multi period supply collaborations and especially in the VMI systems. Furthermore, we consider weight coefficients for taking into account the different importance of flexibility from the buyers perspective over the time horizon. By applying in a real case study about an oil refinery, we verify the developed model and investigate the effects of its parameters through the sensitivity analysis."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas mengenai implementasi sistem Term of Consumption TOC yang merupakan sebuah adaptasi dari sistem Vendor Managed Inventory VMI di PT.XYZ. Sebagai salah satu perusahaan ritel terbesar di Indonesia, PT. XYZ bergerak dengan berdasarkan pada sebuah sistem rantai pasok yang kompleks. Untuk dapat bertahan dan tetap menjadi yang terdepan, PT.XYZ memahami betapa pentingnya meningkatkan keunggulan daya saing rantai pasoknya dengan menggunakan strategi kerjasama. Strategi kerjasama dengan konsep VMI adalah salah satu sistem yang paling sering digunakan dalam industri retail. Bagi peritel, konsep VMI sebenarnya adalah untuk memindahkan tanggung jawab atas manajemen persediaan mereka ke pemasok. Kerjasama VMI memberikan tanggung jawab kepada pemasok untuk membuat keputusan terkait pemenuhan persediaan peritel. Untuk dapat menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pemasoknya, maka PT.XYZ melakukan adaptasi sistem VMI menjadi sebuah sistem yang disebut TOC. Setelah dilakukan penelitian terhadap sistem TOC, maka ditemukan bahwa penerapan sistem TOC berhasil menekan tingkat persediaan barang kosong meskipun masih memerlukan penyesuaian untuk mendapat hasil yang lebih maksimal.

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ABSTRACT The focus of this research is the implementation of Term of Consumption TOC system which is an adaptation of Vendor Managed Inventory VMI system in PT.XYZ. As one of the largest retail company in Indonesia, PT.XYZ relying their operational activities through a complex supply chain management system. To be able to survive and become a leading company, PT.XYZ understand the importance to improve the competitive advantage of its supply chain by means of strategic alliances. VMI is one of the most popular strategic alliances concept in retail industry. For retailer, VMI actually transferring their responsibility of inventory management to supplier. VMI partnership enables the supplier to make decision regarding inventory replenishment for retailer. To be able to adjust with the needs of supplier, PT.XYZ adapt the VMI system to a system called TOC. The results obtained from the research is that TOC system is success to decrease stock out but it still need more improvement and adjustment to achieve maximum results."

"ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a multi-product Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) supply chain inventory model by considering defective items. In this way, vendor purchases different kinds of products from a remote supplier and then delivers them to the retailer. On the other hand, delivered batches have some imperfect items while there is no access to the supplier to replace them. Consequently, there are two options to face imperfect items in order to satisfy the demand, buy or repair. Additionally, some innovations and contributions in this paper are Join Replenishment Policy, all units discount, different alternatives for shipping goods and backlogging shortage. They result in a novel VMI model that is as close as possible to the real world. Since, the proposed problem was NP-complete, two evolutionary algorithms are developed to solve it, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). After calibrating their main parameters by Taguchi approach, their performance is compared by solving numerical examples."

"Terdapat berbagai cara bagi sebuah perusahaan untuk bersaing di pasar, menciptakan rantai pasokan yang efektif bisa menjadi pilihan dengan membangun cara baru kemitraan dengan vendor. Menghilangkan non-added value melalui rantai pasok dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI). Dengan berbagai manfaat yang diperoleh dari konsep ini, terdapat beberapa risiko yang terlibat. Kebanyakan orang lebih memperhatikan apa yang dihadapi supplier dengan menerapkan konsep ini daripada apa yang ada di sisi retailer. Memilih vendor yang tepat untuk menerapkan konsep ini dengan mengetahui risikonya harus menjadi perhatian karena retailer akan bergantung pada keputusan vendor mengenai inventoy mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi risiko yang dihadapi retailer dan merancang model pemilihan vendor yang tepat untuk menerapkan konsep VMI. Mengintegrasikan metode untuk mengidentifikasi risiko (FMEA) dan metode untuk menyelesaikan pengambilan keputusan multi kriteria (FAHP) diyakini dapat memperoleh hasil yang kuat dan mengurangi bias dengan mempertimbangkan kombinasi penilaian. Pengumpulan data pada perusahaan retail yang sudah menerapkan konsep VMI dilakukan sebagai studi kasus dalam penelitian ini.

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There is a varied way for a company to compete in the market, creating an effective supply chain could be the choice by building a new way of a partnership with vendors. Eliminating non-added value through the supply chain can be done by implementing Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI). With all the benefits derived from this concept, it comes with some risks involved. Most people pay more attention to what suppliers faced by implementing this concept instead of what's on the retailer side. Selecting the right vendor to implement this concept by knowing the risk have to be a concern since retailer needs to rely on the vendor's decision of their inventory.

The objective of this research is to identify the risks faced by retailers and design the appropriate vendor selection model to apply the concept of VMI. Integrating method for identifying the risk (FMEA) and a method for solving multi-criteria decision making (FAHP) is believed to be able to obtain a robust result and reduce bias by considering the combination of assessment. Collecting data at retail company that already applied the concept of VMI was carried out as a case study in this study."

"Penelitian ini mengembangkan model Vendor Managed Inventory untuk sistem rantai pasok dua eselon yang terdiri dari satu vendor dan dua pembeli dengan tipe kontrak buy-back terhadap pembeli 1 dan tipe kontrak revenue-sharing terhadap pembeli 2. Dampak penggunaan dua jenis kontrak secara bersamaan ini dianalisis dengan membandingkan model utama tersebut dengan model serupa yang menggunakan kontrak buy-back terhadap kedua pembeli model pembanding 1 dan model serupa yang menggunakan kontrak revenue-sharing terhadap kedua pembeli model pembanding 2 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kontrak buy-back dan revenue-sharing secara bersamaan mengubah nilai variabel kontrak pada setiap model pembanding untuk menghasilkan alokasi keuntungan tertentu dalam kondisi keuntungan sistem yang maksimal.

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This study develops a Vendor Managed Inventory model for a two echelon supply chain system consisting of one vendor and two buyers with buy back contract with the first buyer and revenue sharing contract with the second buyer. The impacts of using two types of contracts simultaneously are analyzed by comparing the main model with a similar model using buy back contracts against both buyers comparative model 1 and a similar model using revenue sharing contracts to both buyers comparative model 2 . The result indicates that the use of buy back and revenue sharing contract simultaneously changes the value of contract variables on each comparative model to produce a certain profit allocation under the maximum system rsquo s profit condition."

"Tingginya persediaan produk farmasi di rumah sakit di Indonesia sering mengalami kadaluwarsa. Pelayanan kefarmasian merupakan salah satu standar pelayanan kesehatan rumah sakit yang harus diikuti. Proses manajemen persediaan farmasi yang diadopsi rumah sakit saat ini mengalami masalah persediaan dan kesulitan komunikasi data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang perbaikan aliran informasi dan proses manajemen persediaan produk farmasi melalui implementasi konsep Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) berbasis Internet of Things (IoT). Business Process Reengineering (BPR) dan Structured System Development (SSD) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. SSD terdiri dari tahapan pembuatan Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), Tabel Relational, use case diagram, dan Data Flow Diagram (DFD) untuk proses perbaikan. Terdapat lima rancangan skenario perbaikan yang kemudian disimulasikan menggunakan software iGrafx. Skenario terbaik yang dapat dipertimbangkan rumah sakit dalam melakukan perbaikan adalah skenario kelima dengan tingkat efisiensi waktu terbesar yaitu 95.64% melalui penerapan kombinasi antara konsep VMI, Teknologi IoT dalam bentuk QR Code atau RFID Tag, dan pengembangan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rumah Sakit (SIMRS). Waktu siklus manajemen persediaan farmasi yang sebelumnya memakan waktu 177 jam mengalami perubahan menjadi 8 jam.

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High number of pharmaceutical product in Indonesian hospital are prone to expiration problem. Pharmaceutical service is one of the hospital health service standards that must be followed. Medicines inventory management process adopted by the hospital is currently have difficulties in inventory and data communication. The purpose of this study is to design an improvement of information flow and process for medicines inventory management through Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) supported with Internet of Things (IoT). Business Process Reengineering (BPR) and Structured System Development SSD used in this study. Four stages of SSD consist of structuring Entity Relationship Diagram ERD, tabel relational, use case diagram, and Data Flow Diagram DFD for improvement process. This study proposed five improvement scenarios simulated using iGrafx. The best scenario for hospital to consider in conducting improvement is the intervention of VMI, IoT technology in the form of QR Code or RFID Tag, and Hospital Management Information System SIMRS development. The proposed model resulted on medicines inventory management time efficiency to 95.64%, which previously took 177 hours to 8 hours"