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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang. Clopidogrel adalah salah satu pilihan antiplatelet pada kasus stroke iskemik yang bekerja dengan menghambat ikatan adenosine diphosphate (ADP) dengan reseptor P2Y12. Gen ABCB1 diketahui mengkode transporter P-glikoprotein (P-gp) multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) yang mempengaruhi absorpsi clopidogrel di usus, sehingga mempengaruhi efektivitasnya dalam mencegah agregasi trombosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai peran polimorfisme gen ABCB1 terhadap variabilitas respons clopidogrel yang dilihat dari agregasi trombosit serta mengetahui frekuensi genotip ABCB1 pada populasi. Metode. Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada pasien stroke iskemik yang mengkonsumsi clopidogrel di RSUI/RSCM pada 2020-2023. Dilakukan pemeriksaan polimorfisme ABCB1 C3435T dan C1236T serta agregasi trombosit dengan VerifyNow PRU. Variabilitas respons clopidogrel dikelompokkan menjadi tidak respons (>208 PRU), respons (95-208 PRU), dan risiko perdarahan (<95 PRU). Hasil. Sebanyak 124 subjek direkrut dalam penelitian, dengan 12,9% subjek tidak respons, 45,9% respons, dan 41,9% lainnya memiliki risiko perdarahan terhadap pemberian clopidogrel. Genotip homozigot wildtype (CC) pada ABCB1 C1236T memiliki kemungkinan risiko perdarahan pada konsumsi clopidogrel 3,76 kali lebih tinggi (p=0,008; 95%CI 1,41-10,07) dibandingkan varian lainnya (CT/TT). Frekuensi genotip ABCB1 C3435T subjek pada kelompok homozigot wildtype, heterozigot, dan homozigot varian berturut-turut sebesar 35,9%, 43,5% dan 16,9%. Sementara itu, pada genotip C1236T berturut-turut sebesar 17,8%, 39,5%, dan 42,7%. Kesimpulan. Genotip ABCB1 C1236T varian homozigot wildtype memiliki kemungkinan risiko perdarahan 3,76 kali lebih tinggi pada pemberian clopidogrel. Frekuensi genotip terbanyak pada ABCB1 C1236T adalah homozigot varian, sementara pada ABCB1 C3435T adalah heterozigot. ......Background. Clopidogrel has been the primary choice of antiplatelet in ischemic stroke that inhibits adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) is a transmembrane efflux transporter in intestinal cells that plays a significant role in clopidogrel absorption, therefore may affect platelet aggregation. P-gp is encoded by the ABCB1 gene. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ABCB1 polymorphism on clopidogrel response variability in ischemic stroke patients and its genotype frequency. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in ischemic stroke patients who received clopidogrel between 2020-2023 in RSUI/RSCM. All subjects were assessed for ABCB1 polymorphisms C3435T and C1236T. Platelet aggregation were measured using VerifyNow PRU. Clopidogrel response variability was classified into unresponsive (>208 PRU), responsive (95-208 PRU), and bleeding risk (<95 PRU). Results. 124 subjects enrolled in this study, with 12,9% of subjects classified as non-responsive/resistant, 49,5% as responsive, and 41,9% as bleeding risk. ABCB1 C1236T homozygote wildtype (CC) was associated with 3,76 times higher bleeding risk than other variants (p=0,008; 95%CI 1,41-10,07). Genotype frequency of ABCB1 C3435T homozygote wildtype, heterozygote, and homozygote variants were 35,9%, 43,5% and 16,9%, respectively; while the genotype frequency of ABCB1 C1236T were 17,8%, 39,5%, and 42,7%, respectively. Conclusion. ABCB1 C1236T homozygote wildtype was associated with 3,76 times higher bleeding risk than other variants. The most common genotype frequency of ABCB1 C1236T was homozygote variant; while for ABCB1 C3435T was heterozygote.

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Two studies focused on perceived ingroup and outgroup variability in children as a function of status. In the first study, 7- and 9-year-old White and Black children distributed White and Black faces along the levels of several dimensions. White children percieved more ingroup than outgroup variability, whereas Black children percieved more outgroup than ingroup variability. In addition, White children favored their ingroup, whereas Black children did not. In a second study, 7- and 9-year-old boys and girls distributed ingroup and outgroup faces along the levels of several dinensions. As expected, boys displayed outgroup homogeneity and girls did not. The consequences of these findings are discussed.

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Atmospheric boundary layer derived from NCEP/NCAR reanalyses for the period of 1974 to 2002 has been used as a boundary forcing for the global ocean model Max planck Institute ocean Model (MPIOM)....

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The research aimed to role out the genetic variability and the classification of Java Salacca based on its morphological and molecular characters and to find out the genetic relationship among salacca cultivars that can be selected as parental material for breeding program. The salacca from Manonjaya (West Java), Banjarnegara, Bejalen, Lawu and Saratan (Central Java), Super Pondoh, Black Pondoh, Gading, Kembangarum, Madu and Manggala (Sleman-Yogyakarta) and Suwaru (East Java) were used in our study. Morphological characters and classification analysis by RAPD method with six random primers (OPA-11, OPA-16, OPA-17, OPA-18, OPX-15, OPX-17) were used as classification variable. The genetic variability among cultivars of Java Salacca was presented by the similarity matrixes and dendogram. Based on the morphological classification, the twelve salacca cultivars was divided at four clusters: 1) Manonjaya, Manggala, Suwaru and Kembangarum, 2) Super Pondoh and Black Pondoh, 3) Banjarnegara, Saratan and Bejalen, 4) gading, Madu and Lawu. Based on the molecular-RAPD method, the twelve salacca cultivars was also divided into four clusters but difference member of cultivars: 1) Super Pondoh, Banjarnegara, Black Pondoh, gading, Kembangarum and Suwaru, 2) Bejalen, Saratan and Lawu, 3) madu and Manggala, and 4) Manonjaya. Based on the two classification system used in the study I found the close relationship of Saratan Salacca and Bejalen Salacca from Central Java origin also Super Pondoh Salacca and Black Pondoh Salacca from Sleman-Yogyakarta origin.

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Latar belakang: Hipertensi dan prediabetes adalah komponen mayor sindroma metabolik dan juga faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Variabilitas tekanan darah menjadi salah satu faktor untuk penyakit kardiovaskular, beberapa data menunjukan peningkatan variabilitas tekanan darah berhubungan dengan meningkatnya kejadian stroke, penyakit jantung koroner, dan semua penyebab kematian. Variabilitas tekanan darah pada populasi prediabetes memiliki variabilitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan populasi normal. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek pemberian metformin pada lisinopril selain sebagai obat oral antidiabetes memiliki efek antihipertensi dan pengaruh terhadap variabilitas tekanan darah pada populasi hipertensi dan prediabetes. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita (RSJPDHK) pada karyawan yang hipertensi dengan prediabetes. Dibagi 2 kelompok yang mendapat Lisinopril 5 mg (terbuka) dan Metformin 2 x 500 mg (tersamar) atau plasebo selama 8 minggu. Dilakukan pemeriksaaan Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (HBPM) sebelum dan setelah terapi diberikan. Hasil: Total terdapat 64 pasien menyelesaikan penelitian (31 kelompok plasebo, 33 kelompok metformin). Setelah 8 minggu follow up, variabilitas tekanan darah kelompok metformin memiliki variabilitas tekanan darah yang lebih rendah (3,8 ± 2,2 mmHg, p 0,03) dibandingkan kelompok plasebo. Perubahan rerata mean tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pagi kelompok metformin mengalami penurunan signifikan (p < 0,05 ) Kesimpulan: Penambahan metformin pada Subyek hipertensi dengan prediabetes yang mendapat lisinopril mengalami penurunan variabilitas tekanan darah pagi dan rerata tekanan darah pagi yang bermakna secara statistik. ......Background: Hypertension and prediabetes are major components of metabolic syndrome and also risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Variability of blood pressure is one factor for cardiovascular disease, some data show an increase in blood pressure variability associated with increased incidence of stroke, coronary heart disease, and all causes of death. Blood pressure variability in the prediabetes population has a higher variability than the normal population. Objective: To determine the effect of adding metformin to lisinopril as well as an oral antidiabetic drug that has antihypertensive effects and influence on blood pressure variability in the hypertensive population and prediabetes. Method: This study was a randomized clinical trial conducted at National Cardiac Center Harapan Kita Hospital (NCCHK) in hypertensive employees with prediabetes. Divided into 2 groups that received Lisinopril 5 mg (open) and Metformin 2x500 mg (disguised) or placebo for 8 weeks. Examination of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (HBPM) is carried out before and after therapy is given. Results: A total of 64 patients completed the study (31 placebo groups, 33 metformin groups). After 8 weeks of follow-up, the blood pressure variability of the metformin group had lower blood pressure variability (3.8±2.2 mmHg, p=0.03) than in the placebo group. The mean change in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the metformin group decreased significantly (p<0.05) Conclusion: Addition of metformin to hypertensive subjects with prediabetes who received lisinopril decreased morning blood pressure variability and morning mean blood pressure which was statistically significant.

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Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB) merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang cukup populer dan sudah banyak dikembangkan karena kelebihannya sebagai energi bersih, berbahan bakar murah, serta biaya investasinya yang cenderung semakin ekonomis. Tetapi di sisi lain PLTB termasuk pembangkit bersifat intermiten yang disebabkan adanya fluktuasi alami (variability) dan kesalahan prediksi (uncertainty) dari daya keluaran PLTB tersebut. Kondisi ini berpotensi menyebabkan gangguan sistem serta pemadaman listrik konsumen yang cukup besar, bahkan sampai terjadi blackout. Untuk itu diperlukan model integrasi PLTB yang tepat dalam menentukan kebutuhan tambahan cadangan operasi yang optimal sebagai antisipasi sifat intermiten PLTB tersebut, sehingga sistem tenaga listrik dapat tetap beroperasi secara andal dan ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan model algoritma untuk menghitung kebutuhan tambahan cadangan operasi harian yang dinamis dan optimal pada integrasi PLTB di sistem Sulawesi bagian Selatan (Sulbagsel). Dengan menggunakan usulan algoritma Multi-Stage Statistical Approach (MSSA) maka dapat diketahui karakteristik daya keluaran PLTB pada sistem Sulbagsel. Kemudian hasil analisa tersebut diolah dengan menggunakan usulan algoritma Seasonal Daily Variability and Uncertainty (SDVU) berbasis Hybrid Artificial Intelligence (Hybrid AI) untuk memprediksi pola variability dan uncertainty dari data yang ada untuk menghitung parameter Dynamic Confidence Level (DCL). Hasil DCL tersebut kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung kebutuhan optimal tambahan cadangan operasi harian yang dibutuhkan. Dari beberapa alternatif Hybrid AI yang digunakan, diketahui bahwa kombinasi Seasonal Auto Regressive Moving Average (SARIMA) dan Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) menghasilkan prediksi yang paling akurat dan konsisten, baik untuk data variability maupun uncertainty. Dampak signifikan dari penelitian ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya potensi penghematan biaya bahan bakar pembangkit rata-rata sekitar 250 milyar rupiah per tahun untuk kebutuhan tambahan cadangan operasi saat dibandingkan dengan metoda eksisting yang menggunakan parameter Static Confidence Level (SCL) dengan tingkat keandalan yang sama. ......Wind Power Plant (WPP) is part of renewable energy which is quite popular and has been widely developed due to its advantages as clean energy, cheap fuel, and decreasing trend of its investment cost. But on the other hand, WPP is part of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) due to natural fluctuation (variability) and forecast errors (uncertainty) of the wind power output. This situation has the potential to cause significant system disturbance and costumer power outages, even blackouts. For this reason, a WPP integration model is needed in determining the optimum operational operating reserve to anticipate of the intermittent nature of the WPP, so that the electric power system can be operated reliably and economically. This study aims to determine the algorithm model to calculate the need for additional dynamic and optimal daily operational reserves for the integration of WPP in the Southern Sulawesi power system. By using the first proposed method, Multi-Stage Statistical Approach (MSSA) algorithm, the characteristics of the wind power output can be discovered. Then the results of the analysis are processed using the second proposed method, Seasonal Daily Variability and Uncertainty (SDVU) algorithm based on Hybrid Artificial Intelligence (Hybrid AI) to forecast variability and uncertainty patterns of the observed data in calculating Dynamic Confidence Level (DCL) parameters. The DCL results are then used to determine the optimal daily additional operating reserve. Among the Hybrid AI variants, it is concluded that the combination of Seasonal Auto Regressive Moving Average (SARIMA) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) produces the most accurate and consistent forecast, both for variability and uncertainty data. The significant impact of this research is indicated by the potential cost savings of around 250 billion rupiah per year on average for additional operational reserves when compared to the existing method using Static Confidence Level (SCL) parameters with the same level of reliability.

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Variable Rate Technology (VRT) offers an opportunity to improve production efficiency by allowing input applications to fluctuate in response to spatial variations in soil characteristics and nutrient levels. Society may also benefit from reduced negative externalities, such as surface and groundwater contamination, from input applications. Using a dynamic spatial model, this study examines how the interaction among variability, spatial autocorrelation, and mean level of soil fertility affects optimal sampling density and the economic gains from VRT. VRT was found to be profitable under selected conditions, and the optimal grid size will vary with these conditions. In the case where variability and mean fertility levels are significantly high associated with low spatial autocorrelation, VRT produces greater net returns than Uniform Rate Technology (URT), even with the smallest grid size to base the input application decisions. Results also demonstrate that optimal grid size increases with increased spatial autocorrelation.

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Morphological variability of xanthomena exile (Klebs) silva was studied studied under natural and cultural conditions. In 23 studied populations the length of filaments and lincar dimensions of cells varied in a wide range...

Abstrak :
Widiastuti A, Sobir, Suhartanto MR. 2010. Diversity analysis of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) irradiated by gammaray based on morphological and anatomical characteristics. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 23-33. The aim of this research was to increase genetic variability of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) irradiated by gamma rays dosage of 0 Gy, 20 Gy, 25 Gy, 30 Gy,35 Gy and 40 Gy. Plant materials used were seeds collected from Cegal Sub-village, Karacak Village, Leuwiliang Sub-district, Bogor District, West Java. Data was generated from morphological and anatomical characteristics. The result indicated that increasing of gamma ray dosage had inhibited ability of seed to growth, which needed longer time and decreased seed viability. Morphologically, it also decreased plant heigh, stem diameter, leaf seizure, and amount of leaf. Anatomically, stomatal density had positive correlation with plant height by correlation was 90% and 74%. Gamma rays irradiation successfully increase morphological variability until 30%. Seed creavage after irradiation increased variability and survival rate of mangosteen.