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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tuberkulosis penyakit infeksi yang mematikan terutama di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Upaya pencegahan dengan vaksinasi BCG yang dapat meningkatkan respon imun masih belum maksimal. Faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan vaksin adalah status imun host, genetik dan kualitas/kuantitas vaksin. Indonesia sebagai negara kaya tanaman obat, misalnya pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) digunakan sebagai antimalaria serta meningkatkan imun tubuh. Penelitian ini menilai efek ekstrak akar pasak bumi sebagai imunomodulator terutama IFN-ɣ, TNF-α dan IL-10 pada mencit yang diberi vaksin BCG. Eksperimental in vivo dan in vitro darah mencit di kultur pada medium RPMI dengan stimulasi PHA dan BCG. Analisis tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p≥0,05) diantara kelompok perlakuan, analisa dari nilai median terlihat adanya efek ekstrak pasak bumi terhadap peningkatan TNF-α, dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi IFN-γ dan IL-10 pada mencit yang divaksin BCG. Ekstrak akar pasak bumi mempengaruhi respon imun tubuh mencit yang diberi vaksin BCG, walau tidak besar maknanya.

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ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis is a deadly infectious disease that occurs mainly in developing countries, including Indonesia. Preventive efforts by BCG vaccination to improve the immune response is still not maximum. Factors that affect the success of vaccine are the host immune system, the host genetic and the quality/quantity of the vaccine. Indonesia is rich in medicinal plants, one of those is Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) that is widely used as antimalaria and to improve immunity. The research assessed the effects of extracts of Pasak Bumi roots as immunomodulator by measuring IFN-ɣ, TNF-α and IL-10 on mice that were given with BCG vaccine. In vivo and in vitro experiments of mice blood cultured in RPMI medium stimulated with PHA and BCG. The result has shown no significant difference (p≥0,05) among the treatment group, result of median values has shown the effect of Pasak Bumi extract to an increase of TNF-α, and has no effect on the production of IFN-γ and IL-10 in mice vaccinated BCG. Extract of pasak bumi roots affects the immune response of mice that have got BCG vaccine, although it has no significant meaning., Tuberculosis is a deadly infectious disease that occurs mainly in developing countries, including Indonesia. Preventive efforts by BCG vaccination to improve the immune response is still not maximum. Factors that affect the success of vaccine are the host immune system, the host genetic and the quality/quantity of the vaccine. Indonesia is rich in medicinal plants, one of those is Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) that is widely used as antimalaria and to improve immunity. The research assessed the effects of extracts of Pasak Bumi roots as immunomodulator by measuring IFN-ɣ, TNF-α and IL-10 on mice that were given with BCG vaccine. In vivo and in vitro experiments of mice blood cultured in RPMI medium stimulated with PHA and BCG. The result has shown no significant difference (p≥0,05) among the treatment group, result of median values has shown the effect of Pasak Bumi extract to an increase of TNF-α, and has no effect on the production of IFN-γ and IL-10 in mice vaccinated BCG. Extract of pasak bumi roots affects the immune response of mice that have got BCG vaccine, although it has no significant meaning.]

Abstrak :
Penyakit Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit menular berbahaya yang umumnya menyerang paru-paru dan disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Penyakit TB ditularkan melalui droplet dari tubuh penderitanya. Oleh karena itu, orang yang melakukan kontak erat dari penderita TB akan berisiko tinggi terjangkit TB. Vaksinasi BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) dan pengobatan merupakan cara yang dilakukan dalam menekan penyebaran penyakit TB. Seseorang yang terdeteksi terinfeksi TB, bisa segera mendapat pengobatan. Dalam skripsi ini dilakukan analisis kestabilan global model penyebaran penyakit TB dengan intervensi vaksinasi dan pengobatan dini. Analisis kestabilan global pada model penyebaran TB dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek dari intervensi vaksinasi dan pengobatan dini terhadap penyebaran penyakit TB secara umum. Fungsi Lyapunov merupakan fungsi yang digunakan dalam menganalisis kestabilan global pada model TB dalam skripsi ini. Analisis secara analitik pada titik keseimbangan bebas penyakit, titik keseimbangan endemik, dan basic reproduction number (R0) dilakukan untuk memahami dinamika populasi dalam jangka panjang dari model yang telah dikonstruksi. Kemudian melakukan simulasi numerik untuk mengetahui interpretasi dari kajian analitik yang sudah dilakukan sebelumnya. ......Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous infectious disease that generally attacks the lungs and is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB). TB disease is transmitted through droplets from the sufferer’s body. Therefore, close interaction with TB sufferers will be at high risk of infecting TB. BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccination and early treatment are ways to suppress the spread of TB. A person with a positive TB can immediately receive treatment. This thesis delivers a global stability analysis for a tuberculosis model with intervention vaccination and early treatment. The global stability of the TB transmission model is evaluated to determine the effect of vaccination and early treatment interventions on the spread of TB disease. The Lyapunov function is a function used to analyze the global stability of the TB model. Analysis of disease-free equilibrium point, endemic equilibrium point, and basic reproduction number (R0) are completed to understand population dynamics from the constructed model. Lastly, a numerical simulation is carried out to understand the numerical interpretation from the previous analytical work.