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Abstrak :
Banyak tindakan atas nama institusi pajak yang berdalih untuk menggali sumber keuangan negara, diimplementasikan para oknum pajak dengan penetapan pajak yang mengabaikan ketentuan hukum. Kalangan dunia usaha dan investor asing di sektor minyak dan gas (migas) kini menjadi sasaran praktek kebijakan pengenaan pajak yang tidak berdasarkan perundang-undangan itu. Salah satu permasalahan yang timbul saat ini ialah uplift. Dari ketentuan perpajakan dalam Undang-undang Pajak Penghasilan tidak dijelaskan secara khusus tentang pengenaan pajak atas uplift serta upaya hukumnya. Pa d a kasus yang terjadi antara Pertamina dalam Joint Operating Body yaitu BUT Seaunion Energy (Limau) Ltd.,dan BUT. HED (Indonesia) Inc. melawan Kepala Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Badan dan Orang Asing Dua dikarenakan diterbitkannya Surat Ketetapan Pajak Kurang Bayar (SKPKB) sehubungan dengan adanya objek pajak berupa uplift tersebut. ......Many measures do in the name of tax institution that equivocate to intensify source of state finance, implemented by a person in a certain capacity on tax (tax apparatus) with tax assessment in an underestimate law order. Entrepreneur and foreign investor become practice targets of this tax policy without based on rules. Nowadays, tax policy of uplift in gas oil sector became a problem. From the rules of Income Tax, there is no one of tax rules can explain uplift and legal efforts surely. The cases between Seaunion Energy (Limau) Ltd. and HED (Indonesia) Inc. versus Tax Office of Foreign Firm and Expatriate (KPP Badora Dua) because the issued of assessment bill of tax (SKPKB) from tax object, which is uplift.

Abstrak :
Industri migas merupakan industri yang beresiko, mahal dan rumit. Industri migas yang mempunyai karakteristik high cost dan high risk technology, harus dikelola oleh tenaga-tenaga ahli dibidang minyak dan gas bumi. Sesuai dengan Undang-undang no. 44 Tahun 1960 tentang pertambangan minyak dan gas bumi dan Undang-undang No. 8 Tahun 1971 tentang PERTAMINA, pengusahaan minyak dan gas bumi dapat dikerjasamakan dengan kontraktor dalam bentuk kontrak bagi hasil (Production Sharing Contract). Masalah utama dalam kontrak bagi hasil ditinjau dari kepentingan Nasional adalah bagaimana mengoptimalkan sumbangan pengusahaan sumber daya minyak dan gas bumi bagi perekonomian Negara, pemerataan kesempatan kerja, menciptakan peluang bagi perusahaan Swasta Nasional untuk berpartisipasi serta terjaminnya suplai BBM dan gas bumi untuk kebutuhan dalam negeri. Sementara itu, kepentingan Investor Asing dan pengusaha Swasta Nasional untuk memperoleh keuntungan yang sebesar-besarnya. Berkenaan dengan pengelolaan migas dalam Production Sharing Contract, terdapat masalah tentang pengaturan perpajakan pada sektor migas khususnya kebijakan uplift berkaitan dengan pengenaan pajak penghasilan dalam sumber penerimaan Negara. Permasalahan ini menjadi kontroversi berkaitan dengan pengembalian biaya operasional yang diakui oleh kontraktor (cost recovery claim). Pajak uplift yang berbuntut kontroversi ini hanya dipungut atas mitra BUMN migas yang berkontrak dalam skema Joint Operation Body (JOB) terutama yang mengelola lapangan tua dengan teknologi lanjutan (Enhanced Oil Recovery/EOR). Kontroversi yang berkembang sejalan dengan menurunnya jumlah produksi dan meningkatnya biaya produksi yang diakui oleh kontraktor sehubungan dengan kewajaran dari biaya-biaya operasional yang dibebankan oleh kontraktor, baik dari segi jumlah maupun klasifikasi biaya. ...... Oil and gas industry is an industry that is risky, expensive and complicated. Oil and gas industry which has the characteristics of high cost and high risk technology should be managed by experts in the field of oil and gas. In accordance with Law No.44 Year 1960 regarding oil and gas mining and Law No.8 year 1971 regarding Pertamina, exploitation of oil and gas can be cooperated with the contractor in the form of a Production Sharing Contract. The main problem in terms of the production sharing contracts viewed from national interest is how to optimize resource utilization contribution of oil and gas for the State's economy, employment opportunities, creating opportunities for national private companies to participate and ensuring the supply of fuel and gas for domestic needs. Meanwhile, the interest of foreign investors and national private entrepreneurs are to gain the profit as much as possible. With regard to the management of oil and gas in the Production Sharing Contract, there is problem of setting the tax on oil and gas sector particularly uplift policy relating to the taxation of income in the state revenue sources. This issue is related to the return of controversy of operational costs recognized by the contractor (cost recovery claim). Uplift tax culminated by this controversy is only levied at state-owned enterprises as partners in the oil and gas with contracting scheme of Joint Operation Body (JOB), especially the old fields with advanced technology (Enhanced Oil Recovery/EOR). The controversy that developed in line with the declining number of production and increased production costs are recognized by the contractor with respect to the reasonableness of operational expenses charged by contractors, both in terms of quantity and cost classification.

Abstrak :
For centuries humankind has wondered at the instability of earth material, especially clays; one day they are dry and hard, and the next wet and soft. The result are usually excessive deflections and diffrential movements resulting in damage to foundation systems structural elements and architectural features. Foundation materials that exhibit volume change from change in soil moisture are referred to as expansive or swelling clay soils. Expansive soils many parts of the United States a significant hazard to foundations for light buildings. Swelling clays derived from residual soils can exert uplift pressures of as much as 5.500 psf to 15,000 psf. In the United States alone the damage caused by the shrinking and swelling soils amounts to about 9 billion dollars per year, which is greater than the combined damages from natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, earthquakes and tornados.South Sumatra local Government is planning to build a new International and Modem Trading Port including Industrial and Ware Housing Estate at Tanjung Api-Api area. Most of soils around Tanjung Api-Api area are expansive soils, so the objective of this study to analize and obtain suitable foundation on unsaturated expansive soil, that can be implemented in Tanjung Api-Api area. From the result ofOedometer test, it can be concleded that the swelling potential value is about 15 percent, and the soil uplift pressure is about 2,0000 psf.