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"Although Japan since the 1920s witnessed unemployment, no system of unemployment insurance existed in Japan until after the end of World War II. Historians of welfare and labor have taken this to mean that the prewar Japanese government deviated from international standards of welfare policy, an argument that ties into notions of Japan as a liberal welfare state in the literature on varieties of capitalism and welfare-state regimes. The present paper confronts this type of argument from two angles. First, the type of unemployment that Japanese society faced in the 1920s was substantially different from that the advanced industrialized countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania had to deal with, as can be shown by analyses of the structure of the work force. Second, the main problem actually posed by unemployment in Japan, i.e. the situation of day laborers, was addressed, albeit not by the central state, but by municipal governments who installed local relief associations. If one acknowledges the potential of historical studies to contribute to social science typologies, the results of the present paper show that the claim that Japan is a liberal welfare state regime is difficult to sustain."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini mempelajari efek dari imigran terhadaptingkat pengangguran di Belanda. Efek yang diprediksi menurut model ekonomi standar adalah bahwa paraimigran membawa efek buruk pada pengangguran, yaitu, adanya peningkatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi OLS, menggunakan data kuartal imigrasi dan tingkat pengangguran. Tidak seperti yang ditemukan oleh banyak penelitian, skripsi ini menemukan bahwa imigrasi di Belanda membawa efek positif pada pengangguran, yaitu adanya penurunan, namun koefisien yang ditemukan tidak signifikan.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis studies the effectof immigration on the unemployment rate in the Netherlands. The predicted effect according to standard economic models is that immigration influx brings an adverse effect on unemployment, that is, an increase in unemployment. The research employs an OLS regression analysis, usingquarterly data of immigrationandunemployment rate.Contrary to what most research conclude, this paper finds that immigration in the Netherlands brings a positive effect on unemployment, which is a decreasing rate, but the coefficient is insignificant."

"ABSTRAKThe nature of the relationship between the twin problem of poverty and unemployment has been unclear recently. Although the nature of the relationship has received more extensive scholarly attention worldwide and even in Nigeria, no study raised on the nature of its relationship in the region (state) which might produce an inverse relationship different from the proportionate obtained in previous studies. Hence the study on the relationship between poverty and unemployment in Niger state, Nigeria, using descriptive and a logistics regression model to analyze the 102 cross-sectional data randomly collected from the three geopolitical regions in the state. The result thus shows the existence of a proportionate relationship between poverty and unemployment, following the pattern of previous studies. The study thus recommends the actions of the policymakers in creating vocational skill programs to the aid-curb unemployment problem in the state. Accordingly, the increase in expenditure on education and the minimum wage as well recommended."

"Penelitian mengenai dampak Investasi Langsung Luar Negeri (FDI) terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran (Unemployment Rate) sering kali menghasilkan temuan yang bertentangan. Teori-teori seputar penanaman modal asing juga sering kali berbenturan dalam praktiknya, mengenai pengaruh FDI terhadap tingkat Pengangguran, karena pengaruh berbagai faktor. ASEAN 5 yang terdiri dari lima negara termasuk Singapura, Indonesia, Thailand, Filipina, dan Malaysia, berdiri sebagai kekuatan penting tidak hanya dalam mendorong kerja sama bilateral regional tetapi juga sebagai sebuah kolektif yang ditandai dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang signifikan dalam konteks Asia Tenggara. Negara-negara ini, melalui penciptaan iklim investasi yang kondusif, telah menjadi penerima utama investasi asing langsung (FDI) dalam jumlah besar di kawasan ini. Untuk menilai hubungan antara investasi asing langsung dan pengangguran, analisis data panel dilakukan pada periode 2004-2019. Metode Panel Data kemudian digunakan untuk menentukan apakah terdapat hubungan jangka panjang antar variabel. Studi ini unik karena mengkaji pengaruh Investasi Asing Langsung (FDI) terhadap pengangguran di lima negara dengan perekonomian terbesar di kawasan ASEAN.

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Research on the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the Unemployment Rate often yields conflicting findings. Theories surrounding foreign investment frequently clash in practice regarding the influence of FDI on unemployment due to the impact of various factors. ASEAN 5, comprising five countries including Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Malaysia, stands as an important force not only in promoting regional bilateral cooperation but also as a collective marked by significant economic growth in the context of Southeast Asia. These countries, through the creation of a conducive investment climate, have become major recipients of substantial foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region. To assess the relationship between foreign direct investment and unemployment, panel data analysis was conducted for the period 2004-2019. The Panel Data method was then used to determine whether there is a long-term relationship between the variables. This study is unique as it examines the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on unemployment in the five largest economies in the ASEAN region."

"Termotivasi dari laporan ketenagakerjaan yang mengungkapkan persentase NEE di Indonesia yang masih tinggi, maka dengan menggunakan data IFLS5 kami melakukan kajian terkait dampak karakteristik sosial demografi dan indikator wilayah dan pasar kerja lokal terhadap usia muda yang NEE . Kami tertarik untuk meneliti NEE sebagai populasi yang heterogen dengan cara mengelompokkannya berdasarkan atas sikap dan ketersediaan waktu dari usia muda terhadap pekerjaan (Salvà -Mut, Tugores-Ques, & Quintana-Murci, 2017)agar dapat menangkap pola kerentanan dan keputusan transisi usia muda ke pasar kerja sehingga dapat dihasilkan rekomendasi kebijakan yang tepat. Hasil estimasi dengan multinomial logistik menunjukkan bahwa NEE carers- cared mempunyai karakteristik sebagai perempuan yang berusia muda, tingkat pendidikan rendah, berstatus sudah menikah dan berasal dari latar belakang keluarga yang kurang beruntung terkait ekonomi dan cenderung di pedesaan dengan tingkat pengangguran lokal yang tinggi. Sedangkan NEE unemployed juga mempunyai karakteristik berusia muda, tapi dominan berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan status belum menikah dan tingkat pendidikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bukan NEE, selain itu kategori ini cenderung di perkotaan dan juga dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pengangguran lokal yang tinggi. Namun berbeda dengan dua kategori sebelumnya, walaupun discourage juga cenderung berusia muda, berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan tingkat pendidikan rendah, tapi usia muda ini tidak terpengaruh oleh indikator wilayah dan pasar kerja lokal. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya persepsi dan sikap terhadap pekerjaan.

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Motivated from the employment report which reveals the still high percentage of NEE in Indonesia, by using IFLS5 data we conducted studies related to the impact of individual characteristics, education, family background and regional indicators and local labor market on NEE young age. We are interested in examining NEE as a heterogeneous population by grouping it based on attitudes and time availability from a young age to work (Salvà -Mut, Tugores-Ques, & Quintana-Murci, 2017), in order to capture patterns of vulnerability and young transition decisions to the labor market so that appropriate policy recommendations can be produced.

The estimation results with multinomial logistic show that NEE carers-cared have characteristics as young women, low education levels, married status and come from economically disadvantaged family backgrounds and tend to be in rural areas with high local unemployment rates. Whereas unemployed NEEs also have the characteristics of being young, but the dominant male sex is unmarried and the level of education is higher than non-NEE, besides this category tends to be in urban areas and also influenced by high local unemployment rates. However, it differs from the previous two categories, although discourage also tends to be young, male sex and education level low, but young age is not affected by regional indicators and the local labor market. This is due to a lack of perception and attitude towards work."

"This study aims to analyse the effect of trade openness, wages, inflation, economic growth, and population toward unemployment in the D-8 Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries over the period, 1991 to 2020. The quantitative approach uses techniques analysis of panel data regression. The study result shows a significant simultaneous effect of trade openness, wages, inflation, economic growth, and population on unemployment of D-8 OIC member countries. While partially, trade openness has a significant positive effect on unemployment, wages, economic growth, and inflation have a significant negative relationship with unemployment. The population has a significant positive effect on unemployment. Overall, the result implies that each OIC member country should promote an effective and strategic plan to enhance the demand for labour and employment. Furthermore, professional courses and vocational training should be initiated to fulfil the growing demand for skilled labour."