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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Rendahnya akses sanitasi, jumlah desa Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan dan regulasi terkait sanitasi di daerah tertinggal menjadi alasan utama penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesenjangan fisik dan non fisik yang mempengaruhi proporsi Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan di daerah tertinggal. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 122 kabupaten yang ditetapkan sebagai daerah tertinggal. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini dilakukan pada tahun 2018 menggunakan data tahun 2017 yang dipublikasi dalam jaringan oleh berbagai institusi. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi sistem informasi geografi dan statistik. Median dari proporsi Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan di daerah tertinggal adalah 1,01%. Korelasi yang kuat terdapat pada variabel Intervensi Program Sanitasi yaitu sebesar 0,743 dan Akuntabilitas & Tindak Lanjut Program Sanitasi sebesar 0,610. Sementara itu korelasi yang sedang terdapat pada variabel Kinerja Pemerintah Daerah (0,49), Regulasi Sanitasi (0,572) dan Kepadatan Penduduk (0,562). Sedangkan korelasi yang lemah terdapat pada variabel Investasi Air Minum (0,372), Pendanaan Sanitasi (0,398) dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (0,389). Seluruh variabel independen memiliki korelasi yang signifikan terhadap Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan. Hubungan antara variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen hampir seluruhnya memiliki arah yang positif kecuali pada variabel kemiskinan. Berdasarkan analisis kai kuadrat terdapat empat variabel yang bernilai signifikan yaitu variabel intervensi program sanitasi, sarana air minum (OR 6,47), pendanaan sanitasi (OR 6,039) dan regulasi sanitasi (6,47). Meskipun nilai p untuk intervensi sanitasi paling signifikan (0,000) namun besarnya OR tidak dapat ditentukan. Faktor penentu Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan di Daerah Tertinggal Indonesia adalah Intervensi Program Sanitasi. Hasil uji analisis multivariat diperoleh hasil bahwa variabel intervensi program sanitasi yang berhasil masuk kedalam pemodelan akhir regresi line ABSTRACT
The low level of sanitation access, the number of open defecation free status villages and the sanitation regulations in disadvantaged region are the main reasons for this study. This study aims to determine the physical and non physical gap that affects the proportion of open defecation free in the remote area. The study was conducted on 122 districts decreed as disadvantaged region. This crosssectional study was conducted in 2018 using 2017 data published in the network by various institutions. The collected data was analyzed using geographic information and statistical information system application. The median of the proportion of open defecation free status in the underdeveloped area was 1.01%. A strong correlation is found in the Sanitation Program Intervention variable of 0.743 and Accountability & Follow-up Sanitation Program of 0.610. Meanwhile, the correlation is on Local Government Performance variables (0.49), Sanitation Regulation (0,572) and Population Density (0,562). While the weak correlation is found in the variables of Clean Water Investment (0.372), Sanitation Financing (0.398) and Human Development Index (0.389). All independent variables have a significant correlation to open defecation free. The relationship between the independent variables to the dependent variable almost entirely has a positive direction except in the variable of poverty. Based on chi square analysis, there are four significant variables are sanitation program intervention, clean water facilities (OR 6.47), sanitation funding (OR 6.303) and sanitation regulation (6.039). Then, although the p value for sanitation intervention is most significant but the magnitude of OR can not be determined. Determinants of ODF in Indonesia's underdeveloped areas are the Sanitation Program Intervention. Multivariate analysis test results obtained that the intervention variables of successful sanitation program into the final modeling using linear regression.

Abstrak :
Currently, the use of fossil energy such as oil, natural gas and coal in Indonesia is still dominant. The surge of oil price up to US$ 50 -70 per barrel recently has severely affected the world economy, including Indonesia. The oil crisis being faced by Indonesia now prompts the opportunity of developing other types of energy which are potential to be applied. Although we know that it is out of question to replace all fossil energy with renewable energy, the implementation of renewable energy in Indonesia is extremely crucial and must be embarked at once especially in remote areas close to the country border. The typical capacity of solar power for those areas is about 50 - 200 Wp per household. Other technologies powered by solar energy which are potentially applied are centralized solar power, street lighting, water pumps and satellite communication for blank spot areas. In addition to that, Indonesia has to manage the renewable, energy developnet seriously and intensively as other countries did. Indonesia must find the way out to overcome the electricity supply crisis occurred in the underdeveloped areas/villages close to the country border.. The ministry of the development for underdeveloped Areas in coordination with ministry of energy and mining and other related government institutions has developed a pilot plant project on renewable energy applications.