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Hasil Pencarian

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Muhammad Na`Iim
Hubungan status vaksinasi BCG dengan sakit tuberkulosis pada anak-anak usia 15 tahun di R.S.U. May. Jend. H.M. Ryacudu Kotabumi Kabupaten Lampung Utara tahun 2002-2003
"Telah banyak penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas vaksinasi BCG terhadap tuberkulosis baik di negara maju maupun di negara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. Meskipun hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas vaksinasi BCG tidak sama di berbagai negara (bervariasi antara 0 - 80%), vaksinasi BCG masih dilaksanakan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk memerangi tuberkulosis. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar daya lindung vaksinasi BCG terhadap tuberkulosis, perlu dilakukan studi epidemiologi di masyarakat.
Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Desain studi kasus-kontrol matched dengan umur (kelompok kasus dicocokkan dengan kontrol menurut umur), berlokasi di R.S.U. May. Jend. H.M. Ryacudu Kotabumi, Kabupaten Lampung Utara. Semua pasien anak-anak umur < 15 tahun yang berobat di rumah sakit tersebut merupakan populasi studi. Kasus adalah semua pasien tuberkulosis paru yang berobat pada bulan Januari 2002 - Juni 2003, adapun kontrol adalah pasien non tuberkulosis yang dicuplik dari pasien berobat pada bulan Mei - Agustus 2003. Total populasi studi 220 anak, terdiri dari 110 kasus (74 anak atau 67,7% diantaranya telah divaksinasi BCG), dan 110 kontrol (91 anak atau 82,7% diantaranya telah divaksinasi BCG). Merupakan salah satu kelemahan dalam penelitian ini adalah tidak dilakukan uji sensitifitas dan spesifisitas metode diagnosis di R.S.U. May. Jend. H.M. Ryacudu Kotabumi Kabupaten Lampung Utara, sehingga tidak dapat diyakini kasus yang diperoleh bebas dari TB berat (seperti: TB miller, meningitis tuberkulosis).
Diantara faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sakit tuberkulosis, diperoleh 6 variabel yang dapat diteliti. Status vaksinasi BCG merupakan variabel independen utama yang diteliti, adapun variabel umur, status gizi, status sosial-ekonomi, kepadatan hunian, dan kontak serumah dengan penderita tuberkulosis BTA positif merupakan variabel independen lain yang turut diamati.
Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa vaksinasi BCG pada bayi cukup efektif untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada anak terhadap sakit tuberkulosis. Analisa data dengan analisa multivariat regresi logistik ganda (conditional) diperoleh nilai odds ratio (ORadjusfed) = 0,45 (95% C.I.:0,232; 0,871) setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur dan status gizi, artinya bahwa anak-anak yang telah mendapat vaksinasi BCG berisiko sakit tuberkulosis lebih rendah (0,45 kali) daripada anak-anak yang tidak mendapat vaksinasi BCG. Tidak dijumpai interaksi vaksinasi BCG dengan umur dan status gizi.
Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan oleh para pengambil kebijakan pada upaya pemberantasan penyakit TB dengan hati-hati, karena penelitian ini tidak bebas dari bias informasi (misklasifikasi non-difrensial).
Daftar bacaan : 55 (1976 - 2003)
Association between Vaccination Status and the Occurrence of Tuberculosis Disease among Children Aged below 15 Years in Maj.Gen. H.M. Ryacudu General Hospital, Kotabumi, District of North Lampung, Year 2002-2003There had been many studies done to investigate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in both developed and developing countries, including Indonesia. Although, previous studies had shown dissimilar results on effectiveness of BCG across countries (varied from 0 to 80%), the vaccination was still implemented as a part of tuberculosis (TB) control. To know how far the protection effect of BCG vaccination, an epidemiologic study in the population is needed.
The population of this matched (by age) case control study was child patients aged < 15 years visiting the Maj.Gen. HM. Ryacudu General Hospital, in Kotabumi, District of North Lampung. Primary and secondary data were collected in the hospital. Cases were all child TB patients visiting the hospital for treatment, from January 2002 to June 2003, while controls were non-TB child patients visiting the same hospital from May to August 2003. The total study population was 220 children, comprised 110 cases (about 67.7 % of them had been vaccinated) and 110 controls (82.7% of them had been vaccinated).
One limitation of this study was that there was not any sensitivity and specificity assessment of the diagnostic method in. the hospital, so that the exclusion of extra pulmonary TB patients from the cases could not he warranted.
Six variables were studied in relation to the occurrence of TB. The main independent variable was BCG vaccination, while age, nutritional status, socio-economic status, house density and in-house contact with AFB (Acid .fast base) positive TB cases were other variables investigated.
The results showed that infant BCG vaccination was quite effective to protect the child from contracting TB. The adjusted Odds Ratio from multivariable analysis using conditional logistic regression, was 0.45 (95% CI: 0.23 - 0.87) after controlling the effects of age and nutritional status, meaning that children having BCG vaccination were at lower risk (0.45 times) to get TB diseases, as compared to children never been immunized. No interactions between BCG vaccination status and age and nutritional status were found.
The study results could be taken for consideration by health policy makers in TB control programs, although they ought to be carefully interpreted, since some biases might have occurred, such as non-differential misclassification."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2004
T13092
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Paramita Nurhuda
Praktek kerja profesi di Apotek Kimia Farma No. 202 periode bulan April tahun 2015 = Internship at Apotek Kimia Farma No. 202 on April 2015
"ABSTRAK
Praktek Kerja Profesi di Apotek Kimia Farma No. 202 bertujuan untuk
memahami tugas dan tanggung jawab apoteker dalam pengelolaan apotek serta
memahami seluruh kegiatan praktek pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek. Tugas
khusus berjudul Analisis Resep Tuberkulosis pada Anak yang bertujuan untuk
mengkaji rasionalitas pemberian obat melalui satu resep dalam penanganan
penyakit tuberkulosis anak pada pelayanan kefarmasian khususnya di Apotek
Kimia Farma No. 202. ; ABSTRACT Profession Internship at Apotek Kimia Farma No. 202 aims to understand the
duties and responsibilities of apothecary in the management of pharmacy store
and to understand all activities in the pharmacy store practice of pharmacy
services. Specific assignment entitled Recipe Analysis of Tuberculosis in Children
that aims to examine the rationality of drug delivery through the recipes in the
treatment of tuberculosis disease in children, especially pharmaceutical care in
Apotek Kimia Farma No. 202. "
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2015
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Zulva Chairunnisa
Praktek kerja profesi di Apotek Kimia Farma No. 7 periode bulan Agustus tahun 2015 = Profession internship at Kimia Farma Pharmacy No. 7 in August 2015
"ABSTRAK
Praktek Kerja Profesi (PKP) di apotek bertempat di Apotek Kimia Farma No. 7 Bogor.
Kegiatan ini berlangsung selama empat minggu dari tanggal 3 sampai dengan tanggal 29
Agustus 2015. PKP di apotek bertujuan agar mahasiswa apoteker mengerti peranan
Apoteker Pengelola Apotek (APA), memiliki wawasan tentang pelaksanaan pekerjaan
kefarmasian, dan memiliki gambaran nyata akan permasalahan pekerjaan kefarmasian
yang terjadi di apotek. Berdasarkan kegiatan PKP yang dilakukan, APA di Apotek
Kimia Farma No. 7 secara umum telah melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawab dalam
pengelolaan apotek terkait kegiatan teknis kefarmasian dan kegiatan nonteknis
kefarmasian sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Mahasiswa
apoteker telah berhasil memperoleh wawasan mengenai kegiatan rutin yang dilakukan di
apotek. Kegiatan teknis kefarmasian yang dilakukan di apotek meliputi pengadaan,
penerimaan, penyimpanan, penjualan, pengelolaan narkotika, pengelolaan psikotropika,
dan dokumentasi resep. Adapun kegiatan nonteknis kefarmasian yang dilakukan di
apotek adalah penyusunan resep dan struk pembayaran, penandaan harga pada resep
kredit untuk penagihan,. Masalah yang terjadi di Apotek Kimia Farma No. 7 adalah
pelayanan home care belum berjalan dengan rutin.ABSTRACT Profession internship (PKP) in the pharmacy located at Kimia Farma No. 7 Bogor. This
activity lasted for four weeks from 3 until August 29, 2015. PKP in pharmacy aims to
make students understand the role of pharmacists Pharmacy Pharmacist business (APA),
have insight into the implementation of pharmacy work, and have a real picture of the
issues that occur in pharmacy jobs pharmacy. Based on the activities undertaken PKP,
APA at Kimia Farma No. 7 in general has been carrying out the duties and
responsibilities in the management of activities related pharmacy pharmaceutical
technical and nontechnical pharmacy activities in accordance with the legislation in
force. Student pharmacists have managed to gain insights into the routine activities
performed in pharmacy. Pharmaceutical technical activities undertaken in the pharmacy
include procurement, receipt, storage, sale, management of narcotics, psychotropic
management, and documentation of recipes. As for the non-technical activities
undertaken in the pharmacy pharmacy is preparing a prescription and receipt of
payment, the price of the prescription labeling credit for billing ,. Problems that occur in
Kimia Farma No. 7 is a home care service has not run regularly."
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sri Wahyuni Lestari
Praktek kerja profesi di Apotek Kimia Farma No. 345 Tebet periode bulan November tahun 2015 = Profession internship at Apotek Kimia Farma No. 345 Tebet in November 2015
"ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan Praktek Kerja Profesi Apoteker (PKPA) di Apotek Kimia
Farma No. 345 Tebet Jakarta Selatan. Kegiatan PKPA ini berlangsung selama
empat minggu dari tanggal 5 sampai dengan tanggal 30 November 2015.
Tujuan dari kegiatan PKPA ini adalah agar mahasiswa Apoteker mampu
memahami tugas dan tanggung jawab Apoteker dalam pengelolaan Apotek,
serta melakukan praktek pelayanan kefarmasian sesuai dengan ketentuan
perundang-undangan dan etika yang berlaku; memiliki wawasan,
pengetahuan, ketrampilan, dan pengalaman praktis untuk melakukan praktek
kefarmasian di Apotek; dan memiliki gambaran nyata tentang permasalahan
praktek kefarmasian serta mempelajari strategi dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang
dapat dilakukan dalam rangka pengembangan praktek kefarmasian.
Berdasarkan kegiatan PKPA yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa Apoteker di
Apotek Kimia Farma No. 345 Tebet bertanggung jawab atas kegiatan
pengelolaan sediaan farmasi, alat kesehatan, dan bahan medis habis pakai dan
pelayanan farmasi klinik. Pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas Kecamatan
Kembangan mangacu pada Permenkes No. 35 Tahun 2014 tentang standar
pelayanan kefarmasian di Apotek. ABSTRACT Profession Internship at Apotek Kimia Farma No. 345 Tebet Jakarta Selatan has been done for one month from November 5st until 30 th 2015. Profession Internship at this area was intended to make apothecary student understand the
role and responsibility of pharmacist in Pharmacy accordances to the statutory provisions and ethics, have insight into the implementation of pharmaceutical
practice in Pharmacy, and know the issues in pharmaceutical practice in Pharmacy. Based on the activities, pharmacist in Pharmacy have been carrying
out the duties and responsibilities in management of pharmaceutical preparation, medical devices, and consumable medical supply and in practice
of clinical pharmacy. Pharmacy services in Pharmacy is carried out refers to Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 35 Tahun 2015 about the standard of pharmacy services at Pharmacy. ;Profession Internship at Apotek Kimia Farma No. 345 Tebet Jakarta Selatan
has been done for one month from November 5
st
until 30
th
2015. Profession
Internship at this area was intended to make apothecary student understand the
role and responsibility of pharmacist in Pharmacy accordances to the statutory
provisions and ethics, have insight into the implementation of pharmaceutical
practice in Pharmacy, and know the issues in pharmaceutical practice in
Pharmacy. Based on the activities, pharmacist in Pharmacy have been carrying
out the duties and responsibilities in management of pharmaceutical
preparation, medical devices, and consumable medical supply and in practice
of clinical pharmacy. Pharmacy services in Pharmacy is carried out refers to
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 35 Tahun 2015 about the standard of
pharmacy services at Pharmacy. ;Profession Internship at Apotek Kimia Farma No. 345 Tebet Jakarta Selatan
has been done for one month from November 5
st
until 30
th
2015. Profession
Internship at this area was intended to make apothecary student understand the
role and responsibility of pharmacist in Pharmacy accordances to the statutory
provisions and ethics, have insight into the implementation of pharmaceutical
practice in Pharmacy, and know the issues in pharmaceutical practice in
Pharmacy. Based on the activities, pharmacist in Pharmacy have been carrying
out the duties and responsibilities in management of pharmaceutical
preparation, medical devices, and consumable medical supply and in practice
of clinical pharmacy. Pharmacy services in Pharmacy is carried out refers to
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 35 Tahun 2015 about the standard of
pharmacy services at Pharmacy. "
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2016
PR-PDF
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Anna Fajar Hasanah
Praktek kerja profesi di Apotek Kimia Farma No. 366 periode bulan Oktober tahun 2015 = Profession internship at Apotek Kimia Farma No. 366 on the period of October 2015
"ABSTRAK
Praktek Kerja Profesi (PKP) di apotek bertempat di Apotek Kimia Farma No. 366
Depok. Kegiatan ini berlangsung selama lima minggu dari tanggal 1 sampai
dengan tanggal 31 Oktober 2015. PKP di apotek bertujuan agar mahasiswa
apoteker mengerti peranan Apoteker Pengelola Apotek (APA), memiliki wawasan
tentang pelaksanaan pekerjaan kefarmasian, dan memiliki gambaran nyata akan
permasalahan pekerjaan kefarmasian yang terjadi di apotek. Berdasarkan kegiatan
PKP yang dilakukan, APA di Apotek Kimia Farma No. 366 Depok secara umum
telah melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawab dalam pengelolaan apotek terkait
kegiatan teknis kefarmasian dan kegiatan nonteknis kefarmasian sesuai dengan
peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Mahasiswa apoteker telah berhasil
memperoleh wawasan mengenai kegiatan rutin yang dilakukan di apotek.
Kegiatan teknis kefarmasian yang dilakukan di apotek meliputi pengadaan,
penerimaan, penyimpanan, penjualan, pengelolaan narkotika, pengelolaan
psikotropika, dan dokumentasi resep. Adapun kegiatan nonteknis kefarmasian
yang dilakukan di apotek adalah penyusunan resep dan struk pembayaran,
penandaan harga pada resep kredit untuk penagihan, dan pembuatan Laporan
Ikhtisar Penjualan Harian (LIPH). Masalah yang terjadi di Apotek Kimia Farma
No. 366 Depok adalah ketiadaan Apoteker Pendamping yang dapat menggantikan
APA ketika sedang tidak ada di tempat.
ABSTRACT Profession Internship at pharmacy was held at Kimia Farma Pharmacy No. 366
Depok. This activity was held for five weeks from October 1
st
until October 31
2015. Profession Internship at pharmacy was intended to make apothecary student
understand the role of pharmacist, have insight into the implementation of
pharmaceutical practice, and know the issues in pharmaceutical practice in
pharmacy. Based on the activities, pharmacist as Pharmacy Manager have been
carrying out the duties and responsibilities in pharmacy management. Apothecary
student have obtained insight into routine activities in pharmacy. Pharmaceutical
technical activities include procurement, reception, storage, sales, management of
narcotics, management of psychotropics, and prescription documentation. Nontechnical
activities include archiving prescription and receipt of payment, price
labelling of credit prescription for billing purpose, and the making of Daily Sales
Summary Report. Issue at Kimia Farma Pharmacy No. 366 is the absence of
pharmacist who can substitute Pharmacy Manager temporarily while Pharmacy
Manager was not in place.
;Profession Internship at pharmacy was held at Kimia Farma Pharmacy No. 366
Depok. This activity was held for five weeks from October 1
st
until October 31
2015. Profession Internship at pharmacy was intended to make apothecary student
understand the role of pharmacist, have insight into the implementation of
pharmaceutical practice, and know the issues in pharmaceutical practice in
pharmacy. Based on the activities, pharmacist as Pharmacy Manager have been
carrying out the duties and responsibilities in pharmacy management. Apothecary
student have obtained insight into routine activities in pharmacy. Pharmaceutical
technical activities include procurement, reception, storage, sales, management of
narcotics, management of psychotropics, and prescription documentation. Nontechnical
activities include archiving prescription and receipt of payment, price
labelling of credit prescription for billing purpose, and the making of Daily Sales
Summary Report. Issue at Kimia Farma Pharmacy No. 366 is the absence of
pharmacist who can substitute Pharmacy Manager temporarily while Pharmacy
Manager was not in place.
;Profession Internship at pharmacy was held at Kimia Farma Pharmacy No. 366
Depok. This activity was held for five weeks from October 1
st
until October 31
2015. Profession Internship at pharmacy was intended to make apothecary student
understand the role of pharmacist, have insight into the implementation of
pharmaceutical practice, and know the issues in pharmaceutical practice in
pharmacy. Based on the activities, pharmacist as Pharmacy Manager have been
carrying out the duties and responsibilities in pharmacy management. Apothecary
student have obtained insight into routine activities in pharmacy. Pharmaceutical
technical activities include procurement, reception, storage, sales, management of
narcotics, management of psychotropics, and prescription documentation. Nontechnical
activities include archiving prescription and receipt of payment, price
labelling of credit prescription for billing purpose, and the making of Daily Sales
Summary Report. Issue at Kimia Farma Pharmacy No. 366 is the absence of
pharmacist who can substitute Pharmacy Manager temporarily while Pharmacy
Manager was not in place."
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2016
PR-PDF
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library