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"Latar Belakang: Anemia adalah kondisi sel darah merah yang tidak cukup untuk menunjang kebutuhan fisiologis. Pada kehamilan, anemia cenderung terjadi pada trimester kedua dan ketiga serta menimbulkan komplikasi bagi ibu hamil dan janin yang dikandungnya. Konsumsi vitamin A pada kehamilan masih kurang populer, padahal berguna untuk menolong pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel serta memediasi metabolisme besi.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara status asupan vitamin A dan status anemia pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang komparatif, dilakukan selama Agustus–Oktober 2018 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, dengan total 57 subjek yang merupakan ibu hamil pada trimester ketiga dengan usia di atas 18 tahun. Untuk menyamakan jumlah subjek per kelompok, dilakukan simple random sampling menjadi 44 subjek dengan 22 subjek masing-masing pada kelompok anemia dan non-anemia. Status asupan vitamin A diukur menggunakan food frequency questionnaire semi-kuantitatif dengan bantuan database NutriSurvey dan status anemia diukur dengan uji konsentrasi hemoglobin menggunakan metode flowcytometry. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan SPSS 20.0 untuk iOS dengan uji komparatif tidak berpasangan.Hasil: Berdasarkan uji T tidak berpasangan, usia rerata pada kelompok anemia (31,6 7,1) tidak berbeda dibandingkan dengan kelompok non-anemia (31,2 6,4) (p>0,05). Berdasarkan uji chi-square tidak terdapat perbedaan usia gestasi secara statistik antara kelompok anemia dan non-anemia (p>0,05), namun terdapat perbedaan klinis (>10%) di mana usia gestasi kelompok >36 minggu memiliki prevalensi 15,2% lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok <36 minggu. Didapati bahwa 36 (81,8%) subjek tidak mendapatkan asupan vitamin A yang cukup. Uji Fischer menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan status asupan vitamin A antara kelompok anemia dan non-anemia (p>0,05).Pembahasan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia dan usia gestasi dengan status anemia. Akan tetapi, usia gestasi memiliki perbedaan klinis akibat peningkatan intensitas inflamasi seiring dengan usia gestasi yang menua. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara status asupan vitamin A dan status anemia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh peran vitamin A sebagai faktor pertumbuhan sehingga tetap membutuhkan komponen pembangunnya seperti zat besi, asam folat, dan kobalamin. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian yang mempelajari status asupan vitamin A dan nutrisi lainnya dan hubungannya dengan anemia pada ibu hamil di populasi umum

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Background: Anemia is condition in which red blood cells not adequate to support physiological needs. Anemia in pregnancy tends to occur in second–third trimester and serves complications both for mother and her child. Vitamin A is helpful for helping iron metabolism and cell differentiation and proliferation, but still considered unpopular.

Aim: Acquire information about relation between vitamin A dietary status and anemia status on third semester pregnant woman.

Method: This is a comparative cross-sectional research, conducted on August–October 2018 in Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, with total 57 subjects which are third trimester pregnant mothers aged more than 18 years old. Simple random sampling was done in-order to equalize number of subjects in two groups, into 22 subjects on each of anemia and non-anemia group. Vitamin A dietary status was measured with semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire with the help of NutriSurvey database and anemia status was measured by hemoglobin concentration with flowcytometry method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0 for iOS with unpaired comparative test.

Results: Based on unpaired t-test, mean age on anemia group (31.6 7.1) is not different compared to non-anemia group (31.2 6.4) (p>0.05). Based on chi-square test there is no difference of gestation age between anemia and non-anemia group (p>0.05), however there is clinical difference (>10%) in which gestation age group of >36 weeks has prevalence of 15.2% higher compared to gestation age group of <36 weeks. This research found that 36 (81.8%) subject did not get adequate intake of vitamin A, where as Fischer test shown there is no difference of vitamin A dietary status between anemia and non-anemia group (p>0.05).

Discussion: There is no relation between maternal age and gestational age towards anemia status. However, gestational age has clinical difference as results of increase of inflammation incident with aging of gestational age. There is no relation between vitamin A dietary status and anemia status, which explained by vitamin A role as growth factor which still need the building blocks of erythrocyte such as iron, folic acid, and cobalamin. Thus, further research should study link between vitamin A and other nutrients dietary status towards anemia status on pregnant mothers on general population."

"Latar Belakang: Inflamasi pada kehamilan normal disebabkan oleh oksidatif stress yang disebabkan oleh produksi radikal bebas dan peningkatan biomarker inflamasi, seperti IL-6. 830 wanita meninggal setiap harinya karena hamil dan melahirkan, diantaranya 15% disebabkan oleh komplikasi pada kehamilan seperti preeklampsia. Preeklampsia merupakan sebuah sindrom yang muncul pada kehamilan, terutama pada trimester ketiga, dan terasosiasi dengan inflamasi yang berlebihan. Sebagai antioksidan, vitamin C diduga berperan menurunkan stress oksidatif pada kehamilan dan persalinan, sehingga menurunkan tingkat kematian ibu, sehingga dilakukan penelitian untuk mencari hubungan antara asupan vitamin C dan kadar IL-6 sebagai biomarker dari inflamasi. Metode: Penelitian berdesain potong- lintang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Magunkusumo pada 40 orang ibu hamil trimester ketiga dikelompokkan menjadi preeklampsia dan non-preeklampsia. Subjek diwawancara menggunakan semi-kuantitatif food frequency questionnaire yang diolah dengan NutriSurvey untuk asupan vitamin C, dan ELISA untuk kadar IL-6. Data diuji distribusinya dengan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, kemudian dilakukan analisis univariat dengan uji T tidak berpasangan, Mann-Whitney, dan Chi-square; serta bivariat dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Analisis dilakukan dengan SPSS for Windows ver. 20. Hasil: Hasil yang tidak signifikan ditunjukkan pada usia subjek dan usia gestasi terhadap preeklampsia dan non- preeklampsia dengan p=0,545 dan p=0,34. Asupan vitamin C yang ditunjukkan oleh subjek preeklampsia sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok non-preeklampsia dengan median sebesar 76,37(28,05–396,88) mg dan 68,87(8,57–198,53) mg dengan p=0,358. Sedangkan, kelompok preeklampsia menunjukkan kadar IL-6 yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok non-preeklampsia [15,8(2,2–67,4) pg/ml vs 6,8(1,8–43,5) pg/ml] dengan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan. Uji korelasi non-parametrik menunjukkan tidak adanya asosiasi yang signifikan antara vitamin C dan kadar IL-6 (p=0,361; r= -0,147). Selain itu juga, tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara asupan vitamin C dan kadar IL-6 untuk setiap kelompok dengan r= -0,143 dan -0,198 secara berturut-turut. Pembahasan: Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan vitamin C dan kadar IL-6 pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga pada penelitian ini. Hasil ini dapat disebabkan oleh asupan vitamin C pada subjek yang kurang (<85 mg) pada kedua kelompok dan juga inflamasi pada trimester ketiga yang meningkat. Selain itu, penelitian ini hanya meneliti hubungan asupan vitamin C dengan kadar IL-6, sedangkan peran melawan stress oksidatif dan inflamasi melibatkan seluruh antioksidan, baik eksogen maupun endogen. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai hubungan antioksidan lainnya dengan IL-6 sangat disarankan.

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Background: Inflammation in pregnancy is primarily caused by systemic oxidative stress due to production of free radicals and increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6. Every day, 830 women associated with pregnancy and childbirth die globally, approximately 15% of which is caused by prenatal complications such as preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a syndrome developed during pregnancy which occurs mostly on the third trimester and is strongly associated with inflammation. As an antioxidant, vitamin C could potentially play a role in reducing oxidative stress in either pregnancy or delivery, thus decreasing mortality rate. Therefore, a research to investigate the relationship between vitamin C intake and levels of IL-6 as a biomarker of oxidative stress was conducted. Methods: A cross-sectional study done in Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital. 40 women in third trimester pregnancy are then grouped into preeclampsia and non- preeclampsia, and surveyed via Food Frequency Questionnaire and NutriSurvey for vitamin C, as well as ELISA assay for IL-6 expression. All data was firstly analyzed using Shapiro- Wilk normality test, then analyzed univariately using unpaired T-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square; bivariate analysis was conducted with Spearman correlation test. All analysis was done using SPSS software ver. 20. Results: There is no significant difference shown between mean age and gestational age of the preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia group with p=0.545 and p=0.34 respectively. Subjects in the preeclampsia group were shown to consume vitamin C slightly higher than the non-preeclampsia with median values of 76.37(28.05–396.88) mg and 68.87(8.57–198.53) mg respectively with p=0.358. On the other hand, the preeclampsia group expressed higher level of IL-6 than the non-preeclampsia [15.8(2.2–67.4) pg/ml vs 6.8(1.8–43.5) pg/ml] with no significant difference. A nonparametric correlation test showed no significant association between vitamin C (p=0.361; r = -0.147) and total IL-6 level. There was also no significant difference between vitamin C consumption and IL-6 level for each group with r= -0.143 and -0.198 respectively. Discussion: There was no significant association between vitamin C intake and IL-6 level on third trimester pregnancy women (p= 0.361). This result could be caused by inadequate intake of vitamin C in both groups and the increase of inflammation on the third trimester. In addition, this study only examined association between vitamin C and IL-6 level, while role of neutralizing oxidative stress and inflammation involved both endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. Therefore, further research should be considered to study vitamin C alongside the other antioxidants level and IL-6 level."

"Latar belakang: Pada trimester ketiga terjadi peningkatan patogen yang dapat disebabkan oleh gangguan kerja imunitas usus akibat defisiensi seng, sehingga menekan pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar seng serum dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus pada kehamilan trimester ketiga. Desain: Studi potong lintang pada 52 wanita hamil ≥32 minggu, berusia 19–44 tahun dan memenuhi kriteria penelitian di 10 Puskesmas Kacamatan Jakarta Timur. Dinilai asupan seng dan besi menggunakan SQ-FFQ. Asupan protein, lemak dan total kalori menggunakan 2x24 hours food recall. Dilakukan pengukuran seng serum dan penghitungan Bifidobacterium usus. Hasil: Didapatkan asupan seng kurang dengan rerata 8,74±3,90 mg/hari. Defisiensi seng didapatkan pada 75% subjek. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus subjek memiliki median sebesar 7,7 (5,12–9,50) log sel/gram. Kelompok defisiensi seng memiliki nilai median yang lebih rendah. Uji korelasi didapatkan nilai r=0,04 dengan p=0,81. Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan korelasi antara kadar seng serum dan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus kehamilan trimester ketiga.

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Background: Numbers of pathogen were increases in the third trimester of pregnancy that can be caused by impairment of gut immune function due to zinc serum deficiency, thereby suppressing the growth of Bifidobacterium. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between zinc serum levels and gut Bifidobacterium numbers in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Design: A cross-sectional study recruited 52 pregnant women among 19–44 years old with gestational age ≥32 weeks and met the study criteria were conducted in 10 Community Health Center at East Jakarta. Dietary intake such as zinc and iron through SQ-FFQ, protein, fat and total calories using 2x24 hours food recall were assessed. Measurement of serum zinc level and quantification of gut Bifidobacterium numbers were generated.

Results: The entire subject had poor zinc intake with mean value 8,74±3,90 mg/day. Zinc deficiency was found in 75% subjects. Median number of gut Bifidobacterium was 7,7 (5,12–9,50) log cell/gram and subjects with zinc deficiency had lower median value. Correlation test score r=0,04 and p=0,81.

Conclusion: There was no correlation between serum zinc levels and gut Bifidobacterium numbers in the third trimester of pregnancy."

"Bifidobacterium merupakan salah satu mikrobiota yang memberikan manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia termasuk pada kehamilan, dan penting pada proses kolonisasi mikrobiota usus bayi baru lahir. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus pada dewasa relatif stabil, namun belum diketahui jumlahnya pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga, terutama di Indonesia. Asupan makanan termasuk serat dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium, termasuk serat. Stimulasi serat terhadap pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium dapat berupa stimulasi langsung sebagai prebiotik, atau secara tidak langsung sebagai substrat yang dapat difermentasi dan menurunkan pH kolon dan meningkatkan enzim intestinal alkaline phospatase (IAP). Dua mekanisme terakhir secara tidak langsung menurunkan jumlah bakteri patogen sehingga jumlah Bifidobacterium meningkat. Penelitian potong lintang di seluruh Puskesmas Kecamatan di Jakarta Timur pada bulan Maret-Juni 2015 dilakukan untuk menilai korelasi asupan serat dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus ibu hamil trimester ketiga. Lima puluh dua subjek menyelesaikan prosedur penelitian. Asupan serat dinilai dengan Food Frequency Questionnaire semikuantitatif, dan kuantifikasi Bifidobacterium dengan real time PCR. Nilai asupan serat adalah 18,9 (5,6?43,0) g/hari, dan 92,3% subjek tidak memenuhi AKG. Jumlah Bifidobacterium usus adalah 7,7 (5,12?9,50) log sel/g feses. Tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna (p >0,05) antara asupan serat total, serat larut dan tidak larut, dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium usus (r = 0,223; r = 0,245; r = 0,2).

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Bifidobacterium is one of the beneficial microbiota in human health, including in pregnancy and important for first intestinal microbiota colonization in newborn. The number of intestinal Bifidobacterium in adults is relatively stable, but still unknown in the third trimester of pregnancy, especially in Indonesia. Dietary intake is one of the factors influencing the growth of Bifidobacterium, including dietary fiber. Dietary fiber stimulation act directly as a prebiotic, or indirectly as a fermentation substrate that promote the decreasing of colonic pH, and increasing intestinal alkaline phospatase (IAP) enzyme, resulting a decrease of the amount of pathogenic microbiota. A cross-sectional study in all district public health care in the East Jakarta, March until June 2015 was performed to assess the correlation between dietary fiber intake and the amount of intestinal Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy women. Fifty-two subjects completed the study procedures. Dietary fiber intake was assessed using semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and instestinal Bifidobacterium was quantified using real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (rPCR). Dietary fiber intake in this study was 18.9 (5.6?43.0) g/day and 92.3% subjects did not meet the Dietary Reference Intake. The intestinal Bifidobacterium count is 7.7 (5.12?9.50) log cell/g faeces. The results show that there is no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between dietary fiber, dietary soluble fiber, and dietary insoluble fiber intake with the amount of intestinal Bifidobacterium in third trimester of pregnancy (r = 0.223; r = 0.245; r = 0.2)."

"[ABSTRAKPada kehamilan dibutuhkan asupan zat gizi yang adekuat untuk menunjangpembelahan sel dan pertumbuhan yang cepat. Seng merupakan kofaktor dari hampirsekitar 200 enzim yang berperan penting dalam embryogenesis. Defisiensi sengberhubungan dengan komplikasi pada ibu selama kehamilan dan persalinan sertagangguan pertumbuhan dan kelainan kongenital pada janin. Konsentrasi sengserum menurun sejak kehamilan trimester pertama hingga ketiga. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untukmengetahui korelasi antara konsentrasi seng serum maternal dengan tali pusat padakehamilan trimester ketiga. Penelitian dilakukan di 10 puskesmas di Jakarta Timurpada bulan Maret 2015 sampai bulan April 2015. Pengambilan subyek dilakukandengan cara konsekutif dan didapatkan 63 orang subyek yang memenuhi kriteriapenelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara meliputi data usia, usiakehamilan, paritas, pajanan rokok, pendapatan rumah tangga, pendidikan maternal,serta asupan protein, besi, tembaga dan seng dengan metode Food FrequencyQuestionnaire (FFQ) semikuantitatif. Pengukuran antropometri untuk menilaistatus gizi dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang meliputi konsentrasi seng serum dantali pusat. Didapatkan rerata usia 27,63 ± 4,96 tahun dan sebagian besar subjekberada dalam kategori pendidikan tinggi dan pendapatan tinggi. Asupan sengmenunjukkan 98,4% subjek memiliki asupan seng kurang dari Angka KecukupanGizi (AKG) Indonesia. Nilai median konsentrasi seng serum maternal 53,70 (28.18-67,61) μg/dL dan 82,5% subyek tergolong dalam kategori adekuat. Nilai mediankonsentrasi seng serum tali pusat adalah sebesar 85,11(57.54 - 154,88) μg/dL, sedangkan 65,1% subjek tergolong dalam kategori tidakadekuat. Didapatkan rasio di antaranya 0,63 dengan korelasi tidak bermakna antarakonsentrasi seng serum maternal dengan tali pusat (r=0,04, p=0,78).

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ABSTRACTPregnancy is a period of rapid growth and cell differentiation, when both of themother and the fetus are very susceptible to alterations in dietary supply, especiallyof nutrients which are marginal under normal circumstances. Zinc is required forcellular division and differentiation, and is an essential nutrient for normalembryogenesis. Zinc deficiency has been associated with complications ofpregnancy and delivery, as well as growth retardation and congenital abnormalitiesin the fetus. It has been found that zinc levels keep decreasing during pregnancyfrom first trimester to third trimester. The aim of this cross sectional study was tofind the correlation between serum maternal and cordblood zinc level during thirdtrimester. Data collection was conducted during March 2015 to April 2015 on 10selected primary health service in East Jakarta. Subjects were obtained usingconsecutive sampling method. A total of 63 pregnant subjects had met the studycriteria. Data were collected through interviews including age, gestation age, parity,tobacco exposure, household income, maternal education, zinc intake, proteinintake, iron intake, and copper intake. Anthropometry measurements to assess thenutritional status and laboratory examination i.e blood levels of maternal andcordblood zinc. Mean age was 27.63 ± 4.96 years and majority of the subjects werehigh-educated and well-income. Intake of zinc showed 98.4% of the subjects wereless than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Median of serum maternal zinclevels was 53.95 (27.97 ? 74.93) μg/dL, while 82.5% the of subjects werecategorized as adequate zinc levels. Median of serum cordblood zinc levels was84.92 (56.95 ? 155.86) μg/dL. No significant correlation was found between serummaternal and cordblood zinc (r=0.04, p=0.78) with the ratio between serummaternal and cordblood zinc was 0.63, Pregnancy is a period of rapid growth and cell differentiation, when both of themother and the fetus are very susceptible to alterations in dietary supply, especiallyof nutrients which are marginal under normal circumstances. Zinc is required forcellular division and differentiation, and is an essential nutrient for normalembryogenesis. Zinc deficiency has been associated with complications ofpregnancy and delivery, as well as growth retardation and congenital abnormalitiesin the fetus. It has been found that zinc levels keep decreasing during pregnancyfrom first trimester to third trimester. The aim of this cross sectional study was tofind the correlation between serum maternal and cordblood zinc level during thirdtrimester. Data collection was conducted during March 2015 to April 2015 on 10selected primary health service in East Jakarta. Subjects were obtained usingconsecutive sampling method. A total of 63 pregnant subjects had met the studycriteria. Data were collected through interviews including age, gestation age, parity,tobacco exposure, household income, maternal education, zinc intake, proteinintake, iron intake, and copper intake. Anthropometry measurements to assess thenutritional status and laboratory examination i.e blood levels of maternal andcordblood zinc. Mean age was 27.63 ± 4.96 years and majority of the subjects werehigh-educated and well-income. Intake of zinc showed 98.4% of the subjects wereless than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Median of serum maternal zinclevels was 53.95 (27.97 – 74.93) μg/dL, while 82.5% the of subjects werecategorized as adequate zinc levels. Median of serum cordblood zinc levels was84.92 (56.95 – 155.86) μg/dL. No significant correlation was found between serummaternal and cordblood zinc (r=0.04, p=0.78) with the ratio between serummaternal and cordblood zinc was 0.63]"

"Berat badan bayi merupakan salah satu variabel epidemiologi yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas di tahun pertama kehidupan bayi. Bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) maupun besar masa kehamilan (BMK) berisiko mengalami gangguan pada usia lebih lanjut. Berat badan bayi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor antara lain asupan gizi ibu dan status gizi ibu. Asupan zat gizi yang optimal akan bermanfaat untuk mendukung perkembangan dan pertumbuhan janin. Peningkatan berat badan ibu juga merupakan faktor ang menentukan outcome bayi. Ibu hamil dengan peningkatan berat badan yang kurang selama kehamilan akan berisiko lebih tinggi melahirkan bayi prematur. Mikrobiota adalah kumpulan mikroorganisme yang hidup berdampingan dengan inangnya. Ditenggarai adanya peran mikrobiota terhadap berat badan lahir bayi. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian Departemen Gizi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara jumlah mikrobiota usus dan asupan zat gizi ibu hamil trimester ketiga dengan berat badan lahir bayi di Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di 10 puskesmas kecamatan se Jakarta Timur pada bulan Februari-April 2015. Dari 315 subjek ibu hamil trimester ketiga yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian dengan menanda tangani informed consent, didapatkan 52 subjek yang dapat dianalisis. Subjek yang dapat dianalisis dilakukan pengukuran berat badan (BB), tinggi badan (TB), wawancara asupan makanan, pengukuran sampel feses dan pengukuran berat badan lahir bayi. Sebaran data karakteristik menunjukkan 82,7% subjek berpendidikan menengah rendah, 59,6% memiliki pendapatan dibawah UMP, 82,7% subjek tidak mendapatkan asupan energi yang cukup per harinya, dan 73,1% status gizi trimester pertama subjek tergolong berlebih hingga obese. Pada penelitian ini tidak didapatkan korelasi antara asupan zat gizi ibu hamil trimester ketiga dengan berat badan lahir, dan tidak didapatkan korelasi antara mikrobiota Bifidobacterium (r = 0,134; p>0,05), Lactobacillus (r = -0,118; p>0,05) dan Staphylococcus (r = 0,43; p>0,05) ibu hamil dengan berat badan lahir bayi.

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Baby birth weight is one epidemiological variables associated with mortality in the first year of life. Both baby with low birth weight (LBW) and large for gestational age (LGA) posses risk of having complication at later age. Birth weight is affected by many factors, such as maternal nutritional intake and nutritional status. Optimal intake of nutrients would be beneficial to support fetal growth and development. Maternal weight gain is also a factor determining the outcome of baby . Pregnant women with less weight gain during pregnancy are at greater risk of premature birth.Microbiota is a group of microorganism coexist with its host. It was suspected that there is a role of the microbiota on birth weight. This study is part of the research in department of nutrition, faculty of medicine, university of Indonesia that aims to see the correlation between the number of guy microbiota and nutritional intake in third semester pregnant women with birth weight in East Jakarta.

This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in 10 distriect health centers throughout East Jakarta in February to April 2015. Of the 315 subjects enrolled, 52 subjects could be analysis. Subjects were measured for body weight (BW), height, food intake interviews, fecal sample measurement and birth weight measurement. Characteristic of the subjects showed that 82,7% has middle to lower education level and 59,6% has revenue under provincial minimal wage. More than eighty percent of subjects did not receive adequate energy intake per day, and 73,1% subjects were categorized as overweight to obese. In this study, there are no correlation between nutrition intake and birth weight. There is also no correlation between gut microbiota Bifidobacterium (r = 0,134; p>0,05), Lactobacillus (r = -0,118; p>0,05) and Staphylococcus (r = 0,43; p>0,05) and birth weight."

"Status gizi pada ibu hamil mempengaruhi komposisi mikrobiota usus ibu yang secara tidak langsung akan mempengaruhi pembentukan mikrobiota usus anak. Penelitian ini adalah suatu studi potong lintang yang mencari korelasi peningkatan berat badan dan lingkar lengan atas dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium dan Lactobacillus pada 52 ibu hamil trimester ketiga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 10 Puskesmas Kecamatan Jakarta Timur selama bulan Februari?April 2015. Uji korelasi peningkatan BB dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium (r = 0,119, p = 0,4) dan dengan jumlah Lactobacillus (r = -0,009, p = 0,951). Korelasi LLA dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium (r = -0,211, p = 0,134) dan dengan jumlah Lactobacillus (r = - 0,013, p = 0,926). Dengan demikian, penelitian ini belum dapat membuktikan bahwa terdapat adanya korelasi antara peningkatan BB dan LLA dengan jumlah Bifidobacterium dan Lactobacillus pada kehamilan trimester ketiga.

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Maternal nutritional status influences maternal gut microbiota composition, which in turn shapes the infant?s gut microbiota composition. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota regulates obesity by increasing energy harvest from diet and by regulating peripheral metabolism. This cross-sectional study reports the correlation of maternal weight gain and mid-upper arm circumference with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus on 52 third-trimester pregnant women. The study was done on February?April 2015 in 10 Primary Health Care Centres in East Jakarta. Correlation of maternal weight gain with Bifidobacterium (r = 0.119, p = 0.4) and with Lactobacillus (r = -0.009, p = 0.951). The correlation of MUAC with Bifidobacterium (r = -0.211, p = 0.134) and Lactobacillus (r = -0.013, p = 0.926). Thus, this study has not proven any correlation between maternal weight gain and MUAC with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus count."