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"The aim of this thesis is showing the relation between population transition and economy transformation. The methods used in this thesis are bibliographical review and simple nonparametric correlation among the variables. It begins with demographic transition, that is, mortality, fertility, and mobility transition. These transitions affect another two group of transitions, namely transition of population quantity and transition of population quality. Transition of population quantity consists of transitions in population magnitude, population growth, and population composition. Transition of quality consists of transitions in population education and population health. Then, those transitions—and transition of urban population, simultaneously—affect economy transformation, which includes transformation in demand structure, transformation in production structure, and transformation in labor. The process of economy transformation, reciprocally, correlates to income per capita and income distribution as well. Finally, income per capita and income distribution will affect the demographic transition. The analysis uses available empirical data in Indonesia. This thesis shows two conclusions. First, Indonesia economy, so far, is stressed on demand side rather than supply side—which is the population. Second, the efforts to improve our human resources should always pay attention not only to the quality of the population, but also to the quantity of the population."

"The advantages optical fiber in communication field are widely utilized in developing steps from electrical communication to optical communication. Optical fiber communication promise extremely high data rate over long distance transmission without needing to amplify and retransmit along the way. It is well understood that if frequency of the transmitted signals. is increased some problems such as electromagnetic interferences. crosstalk and signal distortions will appear. Those difficulties can. be solved or eliminated by using optical fiber cable. instead of copper cable.Optical fiber used to transmit and to receive information signal mutinously was usually separated in difference fibers for transmitting and receiving direction. I n this thesis a bi-directional transmission system through a single fiber with same wavelength by the use of rod lenses was constructed. A simple circuit design techniques have been used in order to make transmitter and receiver. To combine and to separate transmitter and receiver in each side to and from the fiber, two quarter-pitch GRIN rod lenses functioning as optical directional coupler was used.The result of the experiment as a model of bi-directional optical communication system shows a good performance with an appropriate reliability. The measurement results of power distribution loss. crosstalk and signal transmission quality that have been evaluated to conclude the entire result."

"Kawasan mixed-use merupakan sebuah kawasan yang terdiri dari berbagai macam fungsi bangunan yang meliputi hunian, retail, perkantoran, maupun sarana rekreasi. Apartemen yang berada di dalam kawasan mixed-use akan berbeda dengan apartemen yang berdiri sendiri maupun jenis hunian konvensional seperti landed house. Dengan kondisi seperti itu, terdapat percampuran fungsi, overlapping sirkulasi, serta hadirnya ruang publik di sekitar ruang privat yang dapat mempengaruhi penghuni apartemen di dalam kawasan mixed-use. Untuk itu perlu adanya kejelasan mengenai teritori penghuni di dalam kawasan mixed-use. Penentuan teritori penghuni di dalam kawasan mixed-use dipengaruhi oleh hal-hal yang ada di dalam kawasan. Penentuan teritori tersebut menghasilkan ruang transisi dan hierarki ruang yang akan mempengaruhi privasi dan interaksi sosial penghuni.Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana terbentuknya ruang transisi antara hunian dan fungsi lainnya dalam sebuah kawasan mixed-use. Pembentukan ruang transisi antara hunian dan fungsi lainnya akan berpengaruh pada pendefinisian daerah publik, semi publik, semi-privat, dan privat di dalam kawasan mixed-use. Penulisan skripsi ini dilakukan dengan metode tinjauan terhadap teoriteori tentang berhuni, teritori manusia, privasi, interaksi, serta hierarki ruang. Dilakukan juga studi kasus terhadap dua apartemen di dalam kawasan mixed-use yang ada di Jakarta, yaitu Apartemen Taman Anggrek dan Apartemen Poins Square. Dari tinjauan teori dan studi kasus dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa privasi penghuni dapat terjaga berkat adanya transisi dan hierarki ruang yang jelas antara ruang public dan ruang privat. Transisi hadir melalui pembatasan antar satu ruang dengan ruang lainnya. Pembatasan antar ruang dapat berupa penggunaan tanda, penggunaan alat elektronik, pembatasan fisik, maupun penjagaan pihak tertentu.

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The mixed-use area is a compound that consisted of various sorts of building function including dwelling, retail, office complex, and recreation. An apartment that is located in this mixed-use area will be different from an apartment that stands solely or other conventional kind of dwelling like landed house. This condition results in a mix of function, circulation overlapping, and also the presence of public space around private space that could affect the occupant of apartment. There is a need of clarity regarding occupants? territory inside the mixed-used area. The occupants? territory in the mixed used area is influenced by matters that exist inside that area. The result of this territoriality is transitional space and hierarchy of space that will influence privacy and the social interaction of its occupant.

The purpose of this writing is to study the formation of transitional space between the dwelling and the other function in a mixed-use area. The formation of transitional space between dwelling and other function influence the definition of the public, semi public, semi-private, and private areas inside the mixed-use area. The writing begins with the study of theories about dwelling, human territory, privacy, interaction, and the hierarchy of space. Furthermore a case study was conducted towards two apartments inside a mixed-used area in Jakarta, which are Taman Anggrek Apartment and Poins Square Apartment. From the analysis of theories and case study I can conclude that occupants? privacy could be secured by the existence of an apparent transition and space hierarchy between the public and private spaces. The transition is present through restriction between one space and another. This space restriction could take form of the use of sign, the use of electronic device, the physical restriction, and by protection from certain side."

"dalam setiap masyarakat selalu terdapat konflik antara kepentingan dari mereka yang memiliki kekuasaan otoritatif berupa kepentingan untuk memelihara atau mengukuhkan status quo, dengan mereka yang ingin merubahnya...."

"Salah satu masalah yang terdapat dalam hukum tata negara Indonesia ialah tentang masa peralihan (transisi). Berkaitan dengan hal ini, berdasarkan sejarah ketatanegaraan Indonesia yang terbagi dalam empat periode, ada beberapa pengertian yang dapat diberikan tentang hal masa peralihan tersebut. Penulis sebagai seorang pakar tata negara, memberikan pengertian tentang masa peralihan tersebut dan kaitannya dengan kehidupan demokrasi dan politik negara Republik Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang dasar yang pernah dan sedang berlaku sampai saat ini."

"The Indonesian Armed Force (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI) has for decades been the instrument used by those in power to endorse and hold their powerful positions. As a consequence, the Indonesian Armed Force has not only lost its professionalism, but also its quality and competence. A professional army can only be established in the condition of a democratic political life. In this article the author describes the situation in Indonesia nowadays, i.e. the transition towards democratization. In this process, the most important agenda is to return the main function of the Indonesian Armed Force in line with the need and the will of Indonesian people, i.e. to guard the nation sovereignty and territory. However, the author also recognizes the other functions the armed force has to carry out. In relation to this, the article examines how the professionalism of the Indonesian Armed Force can be formed in the midst of a political transition process. The author proposes several steps to be taken, i.e. to revise or replace the legislation about the state's defense policy; revise the armed force's doctrine so as to accommodate the people's needs; revise the legislation on the police force to enable the police to guard the civil order, strengthen the law, and avoid the outside intervention; as well as to allow the armed force's members to choose their representatives in the general election.The Indonesian Armed Force (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI) has for decades been the instrument used by those in power to endorse and hold their powerful positions. As a consequence, the Indonesian Armed Force has not only lost its professionalism, but also its quality and competence. A professional army can only be established in the condition of a democratic political life. In this article the author describes the situation in Indonesia nowadays, i.e. the transition towards democratization. In this process, the most important agenda is to return the main function of the Indonesian Armed Force in line with the need and the will of Indonesian people, i.e. to guard the nation sovereignty and territory. However, the author also recognizes the other functions the armed force has to carry out. In relation to this, the article examines how the professionalism of the Indonesian Armed Force can be formed in the midst of a political transition process. The author proposes several steps to be taken, i.e. to revise or replace the legislation about the state's defense policy; revise the armed force's doctrine so as to accommodate the people's needs; revise the legislation on the police force to enable the police to guard the civil order, strengthen the law, and avoid the outside intervention; as well as to allow the armed force's members to choose their representatives in the general election."