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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Adanya gangguan pada sistem tenaga listrik dapat memicu terjadinya ketidakstabilan tegangan pada sistem. Ketidakstabilan tegangan pada sistem dapat menyebabkan sistem hilang kendali hingga tegangan tersebut runtuh, blackout atau mati total bisa terjadi pada keseluruhan sistem akibat runtuhnya tegangan tersebut. Pada skripsi ini dibahas tentang analisis statis dan dinamis stabilitas tegangan pada sistem tenaga listrik New TAL PT. Bukit Asam (Persero). Menggunakan perangkat lunak ETAP 12.6.0 untuk simulasi aliran daya dan transient analysis.Sistem menggunakan skema pelepasan beban dengan rele tegangan kurang (Under Voltage Relay).Metode kurva Q-V (analisis statis) digunakan untuk pendekatan keadaan operasi normal pada sistem dengan menggunakan simulasi aliran daya.Sedangkan, analisis dinamis menggunakan simulasi transient analysis dengan mengatur dua skenario gangguan besar. Dengan metode kurva Q-V didapatkan hanya terdapat satu bus beban yang dalam kondisi sangat rentan terhadap gangguan atau rapuh, yaitu area tambang dua. Pada kondisi tunak tegangan pada area tambang dua turun hingga 4,8%. Berdasarkan analisis dinamis, sistem tenaga listrik New TAL PT. Bukit Asam dapat mengembalikan stabilitas teganganya pada skenario pelepasan beban dengan mengggunakan rele tegangan kurang.Sistem pelepasan beban menggunakan rele tegangan kurangdapat menaikan tegangan jatuh hingga 3%.

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ABSTRACT A disturbance in the power system can lead to voltage instability in the system. Voltage instability in the system can cause the system to lose control of the voltage collapse, or death total blackout could occur in the entire system due to the collapse of the voltage. In this paper discussed the analysis of static and dynamic voltage stability of the power system New TAL PT. Bukit Asam (Persero). Using ETAP12.6.0 software for load flow simulation and transient analysis. System uses a load shedding scheme with UVR (Under Voltage Relay). Q-V curve method (static analysis) was used to approach normal operating state on the system by using the power flow simulation. On steady state voltage in area tambang dua was drop up to 4.8%. Meanwhile, the dynamic analysis using transient simulation analysis by arranging two major disruption scenarios. Q-V curves obtained with the method there is only one bus load in conditions of extremely vulnerable to disruption or fragile, namely the mining area 2. Based on dynamic analysis, power system New TAL PT. Bukit Asam to restore the voltage stability by using a load shedding UVRscenario. Load shedding system using UVR were able to achieve 3% higher voltage rate after the distruption occur.

Abstrak :
Adanya gangguan pada sistem tenaga listrik dapat memicu ketidakstabilan tegangan sistem. Ketidakstabilan tegangan sistem dapat menyebabkan runtuh tegangan yang kemudian berakhir dengan black out sebagian ataupun seluruh sistem. Sehingga penting untuk menjaga stabilitas tegangan sistem. Pada skripsi ini dibahas tentang analisis statis dan dinamis stabilitas tegangan sistem tenaga listrik CNOOC SES Ltd. dimana sistem menggunakan skema pelepasan beban undervoltage. Digunakan perangkat lunak ETAP 7.0.0 untuk simulasi aliran daya dan simulasi transient analysispada sistem. Metode kurva Q-V (analisis statis) digunakan sebagai pendekatan pada keadaan operasi normal dengan menggunakan simulasi aliran daya, sedangkan analisis dinamis digunakan pada simulasi transient analysis dengan mengatur lima skenario gangguan besar. Dengan metode kurva Q-V didapatkan bahwa bus beban pada daerah Utara rentan mengalami ketidakstabilan tegangan jika terjadi kenaikan/penambahan beban, sedangkan tegangan bus beban di daerah Selatan dan Tengah lebih stabil. Berdasarkan analisis dinamis, sistem tenaga listrik CNOOC SES Ltd. dapat mengembalikan stabilitas tegangannya setelah dilakukan pelepasan beban undervoltage dengan kapasitas yang berbeda dalam setiap skenario sehingga adanya skema pelepasan beban undervoltage sudah cukup efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya runtuh tegangan (voltage collapse).

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In a power system, disturbances can trigger into instability of system voltage. Instability of system voltage can lead to voltage collapse that ended with the partition or the whole system black out. So, it is important to maintain the system voltage stability. In this paper will be explained about static and dynamic analysis of CNOOC SES Ltd. voltage stability where the system uses undervoltage load shedding scheme. ETAP 7.0.0 software is used to simulate load flow and transient analysis to the system. Q-V curve method (static analysis) is used as an approach to the normal operation condition using load flow simulation, while dynamic analysis is used in transient analysis simulation by setting five large disturbance scenarios. Using Q-V curve method, obtained that the load buses in the North Area are prone to voltage instability if there is an increase or addition of load, while the load buses in South and Central Area are more voltage stable. Based on dynamic analysis, CNOOC SES Ltd. power system can maintain the voltage stability after holding undervoltage load shedding for different load shedding capacity in each scenario, so the undervolatage load shedding scheme is effective enough to prevent voltage collapse.

Abstrak :
This monograph presents teaching material in the field of differential equations while addressing applications and topics in electrical and biomedical engineering primarily. The book contains problems with varying levels of difficulty, including Matlab simulations. The target audience comprises advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as lecturers, but the book may also be beneficial for practicing engineers alike.

Abstrak :
This book presents a comprehensive introduction to design sensitivity analysis theory as applied to electromagnetic systems. It treats the subject in a unified manner, providing numerical methods and design examples. The specific focus is on continuum design sensitivity analysis, which offers significant advantages over discrete design sensitivity methods. Continuum design sensitivity formulas are derived from the material derivative in continuum mechanics and the variational form of the governing equation. Continuum sensitivity analysis is applied to Maxwell equations of electrostatic, magnetostatic and eddy-current systems, and then the sensitivity formulas for each system are derived in a closed form; an integration along the design interface. The book also introduces the recent breakthrough of the topology optimization method, which is accomplished by coupling the level set method and continuum design sensitivity. This topology optimization method enhances the possibility of the global minimum with minimised computational time, and in addition the evolving shapes during the iterative design process are easily captured in the level set equation. Moreover, since the optimization algorithm is transformed into a well-known transient analysis algorithm for differential equations, its numerical implementation becomes very simple and convenient. Despite the complex derivation processes and mathematical expressions, the obtained sensitivity formulas are very straightforward for numerical implementation. This book provides detailed explanation of the background theory and the derivation process, which will help readers understand the design method and will set the foundation for advanced research in the future.