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"Pasca Perang Dunia II, Jepang maju pesat sebagai negara industri maju. Sektor manufaktur Jepang, termasuk industri otomotif berkembang pesat. Namun, laju industrialisasi menyebabkan perpindahan penduduk usia produktif dari desa ke kota dan dari sektor pertanian ke sektor industri. Akibatnya, sektor pertanian hanya ditangani oleh tenaga kerja usia lanjut. Di samping itu, nilai tambah yang rendah juga menyebabkan sektor pertanian kurang diminati oleh generasi muda angkatan kerja. Akibatnya, pertanian menjadi sektor yang tidak kompetitif di Jepang. Sejak era pertumbuhan ekonomi tinggi, pemerintah Jepang menjalankan kebijakan proteksi dengan memberi subsidi kepada pelaku sektor pertanian. Memasuki abad ke-21, globalisasi dan liberalisasi perdagangan menjadi agenda utama dunia, termasuk Jepang. Untuk mengantisipasi impor produk pertanian yang lebih murah, pemerintah Jepang harus menjalankan kebijakan untuk tidak hanya melindungi, tetapi juga membantu meningkatkan daya saing sektor pertanian. Setelah menjabat sebagai perdana menteri pada Desember 2012, PM Shinzo Abe mengeluarkan paket kebijakan ekonomi salah satunya untuk sektor pertanian. Selain itu, pada Mei 2013 PM Shinzo Abe memutuskan bahwa Jepang akan berpartisipasi dalam perundingan Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Di saat yang bersamaan, PM Abe mendorong implementasi beberapa kebijakan untuk meningkatkan daya saing sektor pertanian Jepang.

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In post World War II era, Japan has transformed itself into a leading industrial nation. Manufacturing industries, including automotive industry, has become a leading industry for Japan. However, rapid industrialization caused the urbanization and the migration of working forces from rural to urban area. Consequently, agricultural sector was left to the elderly worker. Meanwhile, the value added of the agricultural products are much lower, causing it less and less attractive to the younger generation. As a result, agricultural sector became less competitive. Since the era of high economic growth, the Japanese government has been taking a number of protective policies, including heavy subsidies, to protect the farmers. However, in the 21st century, globalization and trade liberalization has become the rule of the day, and Japan must also join itu. In order to anticipate the influx of low price agricultural product imports, the Japanese government had to implement policies not only to protect, but also to empower the farmers, and to make agricultural sector in Japan more competitive. In December 2012, prime minister Abe Shinzo came to power, and immediately after, he announced a number of economic policies, including policies to boost the growth of agricultural sector. In May 2013, PM Abe announced that Japan will join the negotiation of Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). At the same time, PM Abe had push the implementation of a number of policies to boost agricultural sector in Japan."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi maksud dan tujuan di balik kebijakan partisipasi Amerika Serikat di Trans Pacific Partnership TPP pada tahun 2009 Menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan studi pustaka dan dokumen sebagai metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini berasumsi bahwa kebijakan partisipasi AS di TPP sebagai sebuah manuver geopolitik dengan komunikasi sebagai unit analisis Dengan demikian penelitian ini lebih dapat mengungkap secara komprehensif maksud dan tujuan kebijakan AS di TPP dalam kaitannya dengan narasi resminya. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa partisipasi A S di TPP merupakan sebuah gimmick dalam upaya diplomasi publik serta sebuah aksi komunikatif bermakna geopolitis Analisis studi kasus di Malaysia dan Jepang memberikan gambaran bagaimana implikasi komunikasi di level domestik yaitu order yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya konvergensi komunikasi atau konflik yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya divergensi komunikasi yang keduanya ditentukan oleh karakter aliran informasi domestik.

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This research aims to explore the meaning and purpose of the United States participation in Trans Pacific Partnership TPP in 2009 Using the qualitative methodology with literature and document review as the data collecting method this research assumes that participation in TPP is a geopolitical ploy with communication as the unit of analysis. Therefore this study is able to explore the meaning and purpose of global policy in TPP in relations to its official narrative in a comprehensive manner The research concludes that U S participation in TPP is a gimmick in its public diplomacy effort as well as a communicative turn which expresses geopolitical meanings The analysis of case studies in Malaysia and Japan providesa picture of the communication implication of US global policy at the domestic level either order which is indicated by the communication convergence or conflict which is indicated by the communication divergence both of which are determined by the character of the flow of information at the domestic level."

"ABSTRAKThis Presentation examines Indonesias recent declaration to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPPA), as announced by President Widodo during a State visit to the United States in October 2015, and his subsequent announcement that this accession would occur within two years. The Presentation explores both the implications for Indonesia of TPPA membership as well as the likelihood of achieving the Presidents two year aspiration. It focuses on one of the more controversial elements of the TPPA, namely, the inclusion of Investor state dispute settlement (ISDS) provisions, particularly in light of former President Yudhoyonos 2014 determination to terminate all its bilateral investment treaties with ISDS provisions. In joining the TPPA, Indonesia commits to its ISDS provisions, likely without carve outs or reservations. The change may perhaps be driven by a perceived imperative to open up Indonesian economy to greater international investment, and to compete with other growing ASEAN economies. However, the future of the TPPA is not necessarily assured, with the U.S. Presidential election and U.S. domestic politics having a major impact on its future status, or even very existence. President Obama considers it a key element of his Presidential legacy, and has Congressional agreement for a fast track vote, but both Presidential candidates, as well as members of both parties in Congress, have at times soundly criticised or even rejected the TPPA. It appears increasingly unlikely that he will succeed in achieving ratification as he enters his Presidencys lame duck period. The Presentation also examines the implications for Indonesia and for the TPPA if the United States unduly delays or even rejects its own domestic ratification of the TPPA."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai Kajian Terhadap Rencana Keikutsertaan Indonesia Dalam Trans-Pacific Partnership Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat (UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999) yang menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan bahan hukum yang diperoleh dari studi pustaka meliputi bahan hukum primer yang terdiri dari peraturan perundangundangan dan bahan hukum sekunder yang terdiri dari literatur-literatur. Trans-Pacific Partnership merupakan salah satu perjanjian perdagangan bebas yang dibentuk oleh Amerika Serikat yang terdiri dari 12 negara anggota dan merupakan perjanjian perdagangan bebas pertama yang menyertakan pengaturan tentang Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dalam satu bab khusus. Mengingat BUMN mempunyai peranan penting di Indonesia, maka perlu kiranya dilakukan kajian untuk melihat apakah pengaturan dari perjanjian tersebut bersinggungan atau tidak dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada di Indonesia, khususnya Undang-Undang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat (UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999) dan UUD 1945. Perjanjian ini berusaha menghilangkan hak istimewa BUMN agar bersaing secara kompetitif dengan perusahaan swasta dan asing lainnya. BUMN dianggap tidak efisien karena telah memonopoli bisnis di level domestik melalui dukungan negara baik dalam bentuk pinjaman yang murah ataupun pengecualian pajak. Namun bukan berarti pemerintah tidak dapat melindungi kepentingan BUMN untuk kesejahteraan rakyat, dengan adanya pengaturan Non-Conforming Activities, negara dapat mengajukan daftar BUMN yang dapat dikecualikan dari segala pengaturan perjanjian Trans-Pacific Partnership bab 17 yang memenuhi ketentuan sehingga kemudian tidak akan bersinggungan dengan Undang-Undang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat (UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999) dan pasal 33 UUD 1945. Namun demikian tetap diperlukan pertimbangan yang matang sebelum memutuskan untuk bergabung, mengingat akan banyak sektor perundangundangan yang akan dipengaruhi dari keikutsertaan ini.

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This Thesis discusses the Study of Indonesia's Participation Plan in Trans-Pacific Partnership Judging from the Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition Act (Law Number 5 Year 1999) using normative research method with legal material obtained from literature study covering legal material Primers consisting of legislation and secondary legal materials comprising literature. The Trans-Pacific Partnership is one of the United States' free trade agreements consisting of 12 member states and is the first free trade agreement to include the regulation of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) in a special chapter. Considering that SOEs have an important role in Indonesia, it is necessary to conduct a review to see whether the arrangement of the agreement is tangent or not in accordance with the existing laws and regulations in Indonesia, in particular the Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition Act (Law Number 5 Year 1999) and UUD 1945. This Agreement sought to eliminate the privileges of state enterprises and compete competitively with other private and foreign companies. SOEs are considered inefficient because they have monopolized business at the domestic level through state support either in the form of cheap loans or tax exemptions. However, it does not mean that the government can not protect the interests of SOEs for the welfare of the people, in the presence of the arrangement of Non-Conforming Activities, the state may file a list of BUMNs that can be exempted from all arrangements of the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement 17 that fulfill the provisions so that it will not interfere with The Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition Act (Law Number 5 Year 1999) and Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. Nevertheless, careful consideration is required before deciding to join, considering that many sectors of legislation will be influenced from this participation."