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"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) altered the quantity and quality of saliva by disturbing the salivary glands. The objective of this study was to examine the relation between the concentration of salivary total protein and viscosity in patient with poorly controlled type 2 DM. Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 12 poorly controlled diabetic patients (diabetic group) and 16 non diabetics (control group). Diabetic group had fasting blood sugar ³ 126 mg/dL and HbA1c > 8%. Control group were matched on age and sex to diabetic group, and had fasting blood sugar < 100 mg/dL. Saliva was analyzed for concentration of total protein, flow rate and viscosity. The total protein concentration was measured by Bradford method. Statistical analyzed was done by using paired sample t-test to compare concentration of salivary total protein, flow rate and viscosity between diabetic and control group. Statistical analyzed was done by using Pearson test to correlate salivary flow rate and viscosity, and concentration of salivary total protein with viscosity. Neither concentration of salivary total protein nor viscosity differed significantly between the two groups. Significantly greater salivary flow rate was seen in diabetic group. However, no correlation was found between the salivary flow rate and viscosity or concentration of salivary total protein and viscosity in diabetic group. In conclusion, there was no significant correlation between concentration of salivary total protein and viscosity in poorly controlled diabetic."

"Latar belakang: xylitol adalah gula alkohol dengan 5 ikatan rantai karbon yang memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Dalam bidang kedokteran gigi, xylitol memiliki peran sebagai antikaries gigi karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans penyebab karies gigi. Namun belum diketahui efek pemaparan xylitol terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi. Pulpa gigi merupakan jaringan yang sensitif terhadap paparan benda asing. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat menimbulkan efek biologik. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek paparan xylitol dalam beberapa konsentrasi terhadap protein total dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi secara in vitro. Metode: sampel penelitian berasal dari sel-sel pulpa gigi sehat (tanpa karies) yang baru diekstraksi. Selanjutnya dikultur selama semalam dan dilanjutkan dengan subkultur selama semalam. Kemudian kelompok perlakuan xylitol dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8%, dan 16%, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberi paparan xylitol. Protein total sel-sel pulpa gigi diukur dengan menggunakan metode Bradford assay dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata konsentrasi protein total (µg/ml ± SD) sel-sel pulpa gigi kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% (23031,305 ± 1636,87), kelompok perlakuan xylitol 4% (26380,865 ± 3278,0), kelompok perlakuan xylitol 8% (23192,574 ± 1441,39), dan kelompok perlakuan xylitol 16% (21498,481 ± 2633,37) memiliki rerata konsentrasi protein total sel-sel pulpa gigi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (19013,045 ± 2188,51) dan memiliki perbedaan bermakna berdasarkan uji statistik Oneway ANOVA. Namun, antar kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16% tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Pada gambaran profil protein, tampak terjadi perubahan profil protein pada kelompok perlakuan xylitol 2% dan 8%. Simpulan: pada penelitian ini terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi protein total dan perubahan profil protein selsel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol.

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Background: xylitol is sugar alcohol with 5 carbon atom in the molecule which has many benefits for human health. In dentistry, xylitol is an anti-cariogenic agent as it can inhibit Streptococcus mutans growth. Nevertheless, the effect of xylitol exposure to dental pulp cells has not been known yet. Dental pulp is a sensitive tissue toward exposure of several agents. In the exposed dental pulp, xylitol can cause biological effects.

Objectives: the effect of xylitol with several concentrations determined to total protein and protein profile of the dental pulp cells culture.

Methods: the dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth (non-caries). Furthermore, dental pulp cells were cultured overnight and then subcultured another overnight. Afterwards, xylitol treatment group was exposured by 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% xylitol, while control group was not exposured by xylitol. Total protein cells was measured by Bradford assay method and protein profile was analized by SDS PAGE.

Results: the mean of total protein (µg/ml ± SD) cells concentration? of 2% xylitol group (23031,305 ± 1636,87), 4% xylitol group (26380,865 ± 3278,0), 8% xylitol group (23192,574 ± 1441,39), and 16% xylitol group (21498,481 ± 2633,37) were statistically higher than the control group (19013,045 ± 2188,51). However, there were not significant differences between 2%, 8%, and 16% xylitol groups. From the result of SDS PAGE, it was shown that there was altered protein profile in 2% and 8% xylitol group.

Conclusions: in this research, the concentration of total protein cells were increased and the cells protein profile was altered in the dental pulp cells after xylitol exposured."

"Pendahuluan: Pada anak-anak prevalensi bernapas mulut mencapai 55% dan 85% diantaranya merupakan suatu kebiasaan yang terjadi tanpa disadari. Bernapas melalui mulut adalah suatu kebiasan buruk yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan laju alir saliva. Penurunan laju alir saliva ini dapat menyebabkan perubahan protein dalam rongga mulut, sehingga fungsi proteksi protein dari saliva yang akan menurun dan mikoorganisme di dalam rongga mulut akan meningkat. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa keadaan homeostasis di dalam rongga mulut dapat terganggu karena kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut. Kondisi mikroorganisme yang semakin banyak akan meningkatkan aktivitas proteolitik sehingga protein akan terdegradasi menjadi gas-gas Volatile Sulfur Compound dan menyebabkan terjadinya bau mulut. Kondisi bau mulut dapat diuji secara klinis dengan uji organoleptik.Tujuan: menganalisis total protein dan deteksi profil protein saliva terhadap skor organoleptik serta kondisi bernapas melalui mulut dan bernapas normal.Metode: Sumber sampel dari tongue biofilm, saliva, dental biofilm, serta mukosa bukal anak yang bernapas normal dan melalui mulut. Kemudian dilakukan uji Bradford untuk mengetahui total protein dan uji SDS-PAGE untuk mengetahui profil protein pada saliva.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kondisi bernapas mulut dan normal terhadap skor organoleptik dan total protein dari keempat sumber sampel. Korelasi total protein tongue biofilm dengan skor organoleptik pada anak bernapas mulut dan normal negatif sangat lemah tidak signifikan, sedangkan pada saliva positif lemah tidak signifikan. Korelasi total protein dental biofilm dengan skor organoleptik pada anak bernapas normal negatif sangat lemah tidak signifikan dan pada anak bernapas melalui mulut positif sangat lemah tidak signifikan. Akan tetapi, hasil korelasi total protein mukosa bukal berkebalikan dengan hasil korelasi dental biofilm baik pada kelompok bernapas normal dan mulut. Protein Amilase, MUC7, dan Cystatin yang terdeteksi pada saliva sampel lebih banyak terdapat pada anak bernapas normal. Protein MUC7dan Cystatin banyak terdapat pada anak dengan skor organoleptik rendah.Kesimpulan: Hasil analisis total protein menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan total protein terhadap kelompok bernapas mulut dan kelompok bernapas melalui hidung. Korelasi total protein dengan skor organoleptik yang menunjukkan hubungan yang berbeda-beda pada setiap sumber sampel baik pada kelompok bernapas mulut dan kelompok bernapas melalui hidung. Protein MUC7 dan Cystatin pada saliva dapat menjadi indikator kondisi bernapas melalui mulut dan skor organoleptik.

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Background: In children, the prevalence of mouth breathing reaches 55% and 85% of them are habits that occur unwittingly . Mouth breathing is one of the bad habit that can reduce salivary flow rate. Decreased salivary flow rate can affect condition of protein in oral cavity, so that the protective function of saliva will decrease and microorganism in oral cavity will increase. This shows that the state of homeostasis in the oral cavity can be disrupted due to the habit of mouth breathing. The increasing number of microorganisms will increase proteolytic activity so that the protein will be degraded into Volatile Sulfur Compound gases and cause bad breath. The condition of bad breath can be clinically tested with organoleptic tests.Objective: to analyse total protein and detection of salivary protein against organoleptic score in mouth breathing children.Methods : Sample sources of tongue biofilms, saliva, dental biofilms, and buccal mucosa of children mouth breathers and nasal breathers. Then, the Bradford Assay was performed to determine the total protein and SDS-PAGE test to determine the protein profile in saliva.Result : there is no significant difference between mouth breathing and nose breathing against organoleptic score and total protein. The correlation of total tongue biofilm protein and organoleptic score in mouth breathing and nasal breathing children was negative very weak and not significant, while positive weak relationship was found in the correlation of total salivary protein and organoleptic score in mouth breathing and nasal breathing children. The correlation of total dental biofilm protein with organoleptic score in nasal breathers was negative very weak not significant, although in mouth breathers was found positive very weak not significant. However, the relationship between total buccal mucosa protein and score organoleptic was the opposite of the result of dental biofilm correlation. Amylase, MUC7, and Cystatin were found more in nasal breathers. MUC7 and Cystatin were found more in low organoleptic score.Conclusion : The result of total protein analysis show that there is no significant difference data in mouth breathers and nasal breathers children also there are variant correlation between total protein and organoleptic score. MUC7 and Cystatin protein in saliva can be indicators of mouth breathing condition and organoleptic score."

"Latar Belakang: Malnutrisi merupakan salah satu predikor luaran pengobatan yang buruk. Indeks masa tubuh (IMT) kurang 18,5 kg/m2 dan ketidakcukupan peningkatan berat badan saat pengobatan berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko kegagalan pengobatan kematian dan kekambuhan TB. Intervensi gizi tinggi energi dan protein dapat memperbaiki malnutrisi sehingga memperbaiki imunitas, kekuatan otot dan mempercepat konversi.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan open label non-randomised clinical trial dan merupakan merupakan uji pendahuluan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di poliklinik MDR RSUP Persahabatan periode April-Desember 2022 pada pasien TB resistan obat (RO) yang mengalami malnutrisi. Kelompok intervensi mendapatkan edukasi gizi dan suplementasi nutrisi oral tinggi energi dan protein (705 kkal dan 31 gram per hari) selama 60 hari sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya mendapat edukasi gizi selanjutnya dievaluasi perubahan berat badan, waktu koversi, perubahan keluhan dan parameter hematologi.Hasil: Didapatkan 36 pasien kelompok intervensi dan 34 pasien kontrol. Pemberian suplementasi nutrisi meningkatkan asupan energi total dan protein harian [2012 vs 1596 kkal, p<0,001; 79 vs 58gram, p<0,001] dan meningkatkan berat badan ≥5% pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kontrol [OR:14,518 95%IK (3,778-55,794), p<0,001]. Kelompok intervensi (86,1%) mengalami waktu konversi pada bulan ke-2 dibandingkan kelompok kontrol 70,6% (p<0,114). Perbaikan keluhan batuk dan sesak napas pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan kontrol [p<0,001 (batuk) dan p<0,001 (sesak)]. Terdapat perbedaan penurunan kadar protein total dan globulin pada kedua kelompok [p:0,038 (protein total) dan p:0,02 (globulin)] pascaintervensi. Protein total dan globulin merupakan reaktan fase akut sebagai petanda inflamasi dan berguna untuk evaluasi respons pengobatan TB dan intervensi nutrisi. Hasil analisis multivariat mendapatkan bahwa pasien dengan penurunan berat badan derajat sedang-berat sebelum pengobatan TB RO akan memiliki kenaikan berat badan ≥5% [aOR: 4,701 95%IK (1,334-16,569), p<0,001], sedangkan pasien yg memiliki keluhan sesak saat aktivitas sebelum pengobatan akan memiliki kesulitan naik berat badan ≥5% setelah dua bulan pengobatan [aOR:0,168 95%IK (0.043-0.797), p:0,074].Kesimpulan: Intervensi gizi pada pasien TB RO dengan malnutrisi merupakan pendekataan terbaru untuk membantu keberhasilan pengobatan.

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Background: Malnutrition is a predictor of poor treatment outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m2 and inadequate weight gain during treatment are associated with an increased risk of treatment failure, death and recurrence. Nutritional intervention with high energy and protein can correct malnutrition thereby improving immunity, muscle strength and accelerating conversion.

Methods: This study is an open clinical trial design and is a preliminary test. This research was conducted at the MDR polyclinic at Persahabatan Hospital through the April-December 2022 of malnourished drug resistance (DR)-TB patients. The intervention group received nutriotion education and high energy and protein oral nutritional supplementation (705 kcal and 31gr per day) for 60 days while the control group only received education. This study is to evaluate body weight, conversion time rate, changes in complaints and hematological parameters.

Results: There were 36 patients in the intervention group and 34 control patients. Providing nutritional supplementation increased total energy and daily protein intake [2012 vs 1596 kcal p<0.001; 79 vs 58 gr, p<0.001] and increased body weight ≥5% in the intervention group compared to the control [OR:14.518 95% CI (3.778-55.794), p<0.001]. The intervention group (86.1%) experienced conversion time in the 2nd month compared to the control group 70.6% (p<0.114). Improvements in complaints of cough and shortness of breath in the intervention group compared to controls (p<0.001 and p<0.001). There were differences in the decrease in total protein and globulin levels in the two groups (p:0.038 and p:0.02) after the intervention. Total protein and globulin are acute phase reactants as markers of inflammation and are useful for evaluating response to treatment. The results of the multivariate analysis found that patients with moderate-to-severe weight loss before DR-TB treatment would have a weight gain of ≥5% [aOR: 4.701 95% CI (1.334-16.569), p<0.001], whereas patients who had shortness of breath when active before treatment will have difficulty gaining weight ≥5% after two months of treatment [aOR:0.168 95% CI (0.043-0.797), p:0.074].

Conclusion: Nutritional intervention in malnourished DR-TB RO is the latest approach to assist in successful treatment."

"Latar Belakang: Tulang terus memperbaharui jaringannya dengan mengandalkan keseimbangan resorpsi tulang oleh osteoklas dan deposisi tulang oleh osteoblas. Namun, hal ini dapat terhambat pada kondisi kerusakan tulang yang rumit dan ekstensif. Bone tissue engineering telah berpotensi menjadi alternatif dalam mengatasi masalah regenerasi tulang, salah satunya menggunakan material hidroksiapatit dan gelatin yang bersifat biokompatibel dan osteokonduktif. Pada studi ini, penulis ingin mengetahui pengaruh penambahan propolis pada material hidroksiapatit-gelatin terhadap sekresi protein sel osteoblas.Tujuan: Menganalisis total dan profil protein pada medium kultur sel osteoblas setelah pajanan elusi hidroksiapatit, gelatin, dan propolis untuk melihat aktivitas sel osteoblas.Metode: Medium kultur sel osteoblas diberikan pajanan berupa elusi hidroksiapatit-gelatin-propolis 6% dan diambil sampelnya pada hari ke- 3, 7, 14, dan 21. Kemudian dilakukan uji Bradford untuk melihat total protein dan uji SDS-PAGE untuk melihat profil protein.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan total protein pada semua kelompok dan ditemukan adanya profil protein berupa COL1A1, bone sialoprotein, RUNX2, dan osteonectin.Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan antara total dan profil protein medium kultur sel osteoblas pada pemberian elusi hidroksiapatit-gelatin-propolis 6% dibanding kelompok kontrol pada hari ke- 3, 7, 14, dan 21 setelah pajanan.

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Background: Bone continue to renew their tissue during life that relies on the correct balance between resorption by osteoclasts and deposition by osteoblasts. However, this can be hindered in conditions of complex and extensive bone destruction. Bone tissue engineering has potential to be an alternative in overcoming the problem of bone regeneration, one of which uses hydroxyapatite and gelatin materials that are biocompatible and osteoconductive. The authors wanted to determine the effect of adding propolis to the hydroxyapatite-gelatin material on the protein secretion of osteoblast cells.

Objectives: To analyse total and profile protein on medium culture of osteoblast cells after exposure to elution of hydroxyapatite, gelatin, and propolis to see the activity of osteoblast cells.

Methods: Osteoblast cell culture medium was exposed to hydroxyapatite-gelatin-propolis 6% elution and samples were taken on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Then the Bradford test was performed to see the total protein and SDS-PAGE test to see the protein profile.

Results: There were differences of total protein in all groups and found the presence of profile protein, such as COL1A1, bone sialoprotein, RUNX2, and osteonectin.

Conclusion: The results showed that there was a difference between the total and protein profile of the osteoblast cell culture medium in the administration of hydroxyapatite-gelatin-propolis 6% elution compared to the control group on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 after exposure.

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"Latar belakang: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) merupakan salah satu monomer yang terkandung dalam bahan tambal resin komposit. Jika resin komposit mengalami polimerisasi tidak sempurna, TEGDMA dengan mudah terlepas ke dalam rongga mulut dalam beberapa menit hingga jam setelah penambalan, kemudian berpenetrasi mencapai pulpa. TEGDMA yang terlepas dilaporkan bersifat sitotoksik. Tujuan: Menentukan efek TEGDMA (4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM) terhadap protein total dan profil protein medium kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi. Metode: Sel-sel pulpa didapat dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur pada medium kultur DMEM. Setelah sel kultur tampak confluent (±2 malam), dilakukan subkultur yang kemudian digunakan sebagai sampel pada penelitian ini. Selanjutnya, kultur sel-sel pulpa gigi pada kelompok perlakuan masing-masing dipapar TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM. dan diinkubasi pada suhu 37°C, 5% CO2 selama 24 jam. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak dipaparkan TEGDMA. Konsentrasi protein total medium kultur diukur menggunakan Bradford protein assay lalu dibaca dengan microplate reader pada panjang gelombang 655 nm. Kemudian, identifikasi profil protein medium kultur dilakukan dengan metode SDS PAGE. Hasil: Nilai rerata konsentrasi protein total medium kultur (µg/ml ± SD) kelompok perlakuan TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM berturut turut adalah 28635.85 ± 2373.39, 35288.41 ± 3469.47, dan 38199.79 ± 2752.47. Nilai-nilai tersebut lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol 27073.83 µg/ml ± 2772.46. Analisis statistik one way ANOVA menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan TEGDMA 8 mM dan 12 mM dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Hasil identifikasi profil protein medium kultur menunjukan tampak perubahan profil protein pada setiap kelompok setelah pemaparan TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini konsentrasi protein total medium kultur meningkat dan profil protein medium kultur mengalami perubahan setelah pemaparan TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM pada sel-sel pulpa.

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Background: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is one of monomer that contained in composite resin restoration. TEGDMA could be released from composite resins to the oral cavity following incomplete polymerization in a few minutes to hours after the placement of restoration, and then the monomers of TEGDMA could penetrate the dental pulp. TEGDMA that released was reported has cytotoxic effects.

Objectives: To determine the effect of TEGDMA (4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM) on total protein and protein profile of culture medium of the dental pulp cells.

Methods: The pulp cells were isolated from the pulp of the freshly extracted teeth, and cultured in culture medium of DMEM. After the cells visually confluent (±2 nights), subcultured to be used as samples. Afterwards, the cells culture in treatment group were treated with TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM and incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 for 24 hours. Whereas, in control group without TEGDMA exposure. The concentration of total protein in culture medium was measured by Bradford protein assay then were read by microplate reader in 655 nm. Then, the protein profile of culture medium was identified by SDS PAGE method.

Result: The mean of total protein of culture medium (µg/ml ± SD) on treatment groups of TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM were 28635.85 ± 2373.39, 35288.41 ± 3469.47, and 38199.79 ± 2752.47 were higher than the controls 27073.83 ± 2772.46. One way ANOVA statistic analysis showed that treatment group of TEGDMA 8 mM and 12 mM were significant different compared with the control group (p<0,05). The protein profile of culture medium was altered after TEGDMA exposure.

Conclusion: In this research the total protein of culture medium was increased and its protein profile was altered after exposure of TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, and 12 mM to dental pulp cells."

"Complications of diabetes mellitus could influence salivary gland function in either output or composition of saliva. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between salivary total protein concentrations and whole unstimulated salivary flow rates in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saliva samples were collected from 14 subject diabetic group and 16 subject control group, which were matched on age and sex. Saliva was analyzed for concentration of total protein and flow rates. Bradford method was used to determine salivary total protein concentration. Statistical analyzed was done by using paired sample t-test to compare salivary flow rates and salivary total protein concentration between diabetic and control group. Pearson?s test was used to correlate salivary total protein concentration with salivary flow rates in diabetic and control. There was no significant difference in whole unstimulated salivary flow rates or salivary total protein concentration between diabetic and the control group. There was no significant correlation between saliva total protein concentration and whole unstimulated saliva flow rates in both groups. It could be concluded that there was no significant correlation between salivary total protein concentrations and whole unstimulated salivary flow rates.

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Diabetes melitus (DM) dapat menyebabkan komplikasi yang mempengaruhi fungsi kelenjar saliva baik dari segi volume maupun komposisi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara konsentrasi protein total saliva dengan laju alir saliva tanpa stimulasi pada penyandang DM tipe 2 terkontrol buruk. Sampel saliva dikumpulkan dari 14 subyek kelompok DM dan 16 subyek kelompok kontrol yang telah disesuaikan usia dan umurnya. Sampel saliva diukur laju alir dan konsentrasi protein totalnya. Konsentrasi protein total saliva diukur dengan metode Bradford. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan uji t berpasangan untuk uji komparasi konsentrasi protein total saliva dan laju alir saliva antara kelompok DM dengan kontrol dan uji Pearson untuk uji korelasi konsentrasi protein total saliva dengan laju alir saliva. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara nilai laju alir dan konsentrasi protein total saliva tanpa stimulasi pada kedua kelompok subyek penelitian. Konsentrasi protein total saliva dengan laju alir memiliki korelasi yang tidak bermakna pada kelompok DM. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara konsentrasi protein total saliva dengan laju alir saliva tanpa stimulasi pada penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2 terkontrol buruk."

"Latar Belakang: Rongga hidung merupakan entry point untuk udara masuk dan merupakan proses utama dalam sistem respirasi. Namun, terkadang seseorang akan menggunakan mulut untuk bernapas. Prevalensi bernapas mulut pada anak-anak dilaporkan 50-55%. Pada rongga mulut, kondisi bernapas mulut yang terjadi pada anak-anak dapat menyebabkan peningkatan resiko penyakit gigi dan mulut . Perubahan kondisi pada rongga mulut dapat diukur menggunakan indeks kesehatan rongga mulut yang salah satunya adalah indeks OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index). Sejauh ini belum dilaporkan adanya penelitian yang membahas korelasi indeks OHI-S terhadap karakteristik protein pada anak yang bernapas melalui mulut.Tujuan: Menganalisa korelasi antara indeks OHI-S dengan konsentrasi protein serta menganalisa profil protein pada anak yang bernapas melalui mulut.Metode: Sampel dari anak yang bernapas melalui mulut dan anak bernapas normal dikumpulkan kemudian dikelompokan berdasarkan indeks OHI-S.Sampel dari tongue biofilm, dental biofilm , saliva dan mukosa bukal di uji menggunakan Bradford assay untuk melihat total protein, setelah itu sampel saliva diuji menggunakan SDS PAGE untuk melihat profil protein. Kemudian hasil dianalisa dengan SPSS. Hasil: Pada kelompok anak yang bernapas melalui mulut, korelasi antara total protein pada masing-masing sumber sampel dan indeks OHI-S didapatkan sebagai berikut: korelasi negatif pada tongue biofilm (r=-0.051), korelasi negatif pada dental biofilm (r=-0,127), korelasi positif pada saliva (r=0.051) dan korelasi positif pada mukosa bukal (r=0.314). Pada deteksi profil protein, frekuensi 3 protein saliva yaitu Amilase (54 kDa), IgA(70 kDa) dan Statherin (8 kDa), Ig-A   terhitung lebih banyak pada kelompok anak bernapas normal yang memiliki indeks OHI-S sedang sedangkan Statherin terhitung lebih banyak pada kelompok anak bernapas normal dengan indeks OHI-S baik.Kesimpulan: Karakteristik protein dapat menjadi salah satu indikator biologis  perubahan indeks OHI-S pada anak yang bernapas melalui mulut.

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Background: Nasal cavity is the entry point in respiration process. However, some individuals use their mouth to breathe. Prevalence of mouth breathing in children is reported between 50-55%.In oral cavity, mouth breathing in children cause increased risk of dental problems. The change of condition within oral cavity can be measured with oral hygiene index such as OHI-S Index (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index). Thus far, there’s no further studies yet that discuss the correlation between OHI-S index and characteristics of protein in children with mouth breathing.Objective: To analyse the correlation between OHI-S Index and protein total of several sample sources and analyse the salivary profile protein in children with mouth breathing.Method: Samples were collected from children with mouth breathing and children without mouth breathing as a control group and categorized based on their OHI-S index score. Samples from tongue biofilm, dental biofilm, saliva and buccal mucosa were tested using Bradford Assay method to measure the protein total of each sample source and the salivary protein profile was analysed using SDS PAGE. Final results were analysed using SPSS.Result: In a group consists of chidren with mouth breathing, the correlation of OHI-S Index and protein total of each sample source were resulted: negative correlation in tongue biofilm (r=-0.051), negative correlation in dental biofilm (r=-0.127), positive correlation in saliva(r=0.051) and positive correlation in buccal mucosa (r=0.314). In salivary profile protein, the frequencies of three proteins: Amylase (54 kDa), IgA (70 kDa) and Statherin (8kDa), Ig-A were counted more in control group with moderate OHI-S Index score and Statherin were counted more in control group with low OHI-S index score.Conclusion: Characteristics of protein is capable to be one of the biological indicators of changes in OHI-S index in children with mouth breathing."

"Latar Belakang: Stunting menjadi permasalahan yang tinggi di Indonesia dengan prevalensi paling tinggi berada di NTT. Kondisi tersebut sering dikaitkan dengan kondisi oral, seperti penurunan level protein saliva. Namun, belum diketahui hubungan antara protein salia dengan status HAZ yaitu stunting dan nonstunting. Tujuan: Membandingkan dan melihat hubungan total protein dan profil protein yang terdeteksi pada saliva anak dengan status HAZ. Metode: Bahan biologis tersimpan sampel saliva didapatkan dari 96 anak di NTT. Sampel diuji menggunakan Bradford assay dan SDS PAGE untuk melihat total protein dan profil protein. Hasil dianalisa dengan SPSS.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara total protein dengan status HAZ. Didapatkan korelasi negatif sangat lemah (r=-032, p=0.756) pada total protein dengan status HAZ. Profil protein yang diduga terdeteksi yaitu protein serum albumin, amilase, acidic PRPs dan cystatin. Protein serum albumin dan acidic PRPs persentasenya terhitung lebih banyak pada nonstunting. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara pola profil protein yang terdeteksi dengan status HAZ. Didapatkan korelasi positif sangat lemah (r=0.080, p=0.381) antara pola profil protein yang terdeteksi dengan status HAZ. Kesimpulan: Total protein pada saliva tidak dapat dijadikan biomarker, protein yang diduga sebagai serum albumin dan acidic PRPs dapat dijadikan biomarker status HAZ pada anak, namun diperlukan pemeriksaan tambahan.

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Background: Stunting is a high problem in Indonesia with the highest prevalence in NTT. These conditions have an impact on oral conditions, such as decreased salivary protein levels. There is no known relationship between salivary protein and HAZ status, namely stunting and nonstunting.

Objective: To observe and compare the relationship between total protein and suspected protein profile in children salivary with HAZ status.

Methods: Biological stored saliva samples were obtained from 96 children in NTT. Samples were tested using Bradford assay and SDS PAGE and analyzed with SPSS.

Results: There was no significant difference between total protein and HAZ status. A very weak negative correlation was found (r=-032,p=0.756) in total protein with HAZ status. The suspected protein profiles were serum albumin, amylase, acid PRPs, and cystatin. Serum albumin and acid PRPs accounted for higher percentages in nonstunting. There was no significant difference between the protein profile pattern and HAZ status. A very weak positive correlation was found (r=0.080,p=0.381) between pattern profile protein and HAZ status.

Conclusion: Total protein in saliva cannot be used as a biomarker, proteins suspected of being serum albumin and acidic PRPs can be used as biomarkers of HAZ status in children, but additional tests are needed."

"Infertilitas adalah kelainan reproduksi yang ditandai dengan kegagalan kehamilan lebih dari satu tahun tanpa kontrasepsi meskipun berhubungan seksual secara rutin. Terapi hormonal yang mahal masih menjadi pilihan utama untuk mengatasi infertilitas akibat faktor biologis, sehingga diperlukan alternatif lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian ekstrak kuda laut (Hippocampus comes L.) memengaruhi kadar albumin, globulin, dan total protein darah tikus Sprague-Dawley yang dikondisikan infertil dengan induksi DMPA. Ekstrak kuda laut diberikan kepada 30 tikus jantan yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing dengan perlakuan berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata terbesar dari total protein adalah kelompok DMPA ditambah ekstrak kuda laut 300 mg/kgBB (6,73 ± 0,35 g/dL). Rerata terbesar kadar albumin adalah kelompok DMPA ditambah 225 mg/kgBB (3,72 ± 0,10 g/dL). Rerata terbesar kadar globulin adalah kelompok kontrol (3,06 ± 0,18 g/dL). Berdasarkan uji ANOVA satu arah, tidak didapatkan signifikansi antarkelompok pada parameter total protein (p=0,837), albumin (p=0,812), maupun globulin (p=0,750). Hasil analisis ini menandakan pemberian ekstrak kuda laut tidak memengaruhi kadar protein darah tikus yang diinduksi DMPA.

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Infertility is a reproductive disorder characterized by the failure to achieve pregnancy for over a year without contraception despite regular sexual intercourse. Expensive hormonal therapy remains the primary option to address infertility due to biological factors, hence the need for alternative treatments. This study aims to determine whether the administration of seahorse extract (Hippocampus comes L.) affects the levels of albumin, globulin, and total blood protein in Sprague-Dawley rats conditioned to be infertile with DMPA induction. The seahorse extract was administered to 30 male rats divided into 5 treatment groups, each receiving different treatments. The results showed that the highest average total protein was in the DMPA group with 300 mg/kgBW seahorse extract (6.73 ± 0.35 g/dL). The highest average albumin level was in the DMPA group with 225 mg/kgBW (3.72 ± 0.10 g/dL), and the highest average globulin level was in the control group (3.06 ± 0.18 g/dL). Based on one-way ANOVA, there was no significant difference between the groups for total protein (p=0.837), albumin (p=0.812), or globulin (p=0.750). This analysis indicates that the administration of seahorse extract does not affect the protein levels in the blood of DMPA-induced rats."