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Abstrak :
In orthodontic practice, orthodontist frequently face the patients with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors and mandibular second premolar. There are some treatment options for patients with congenitally missing second premolar such as keeping the deciduous second molar, extracting the molars and allowing space to close spontaneously, prosthetic replacement, autotransplantation and orthodontic space closure. Instead of treatment option for congenitally maxillary lateral incisor are orthodontic space opening for future restoration or orthodontic space closure using canines to replace missing maxillary lateral incisors. There are some factors must be consider before making a decision, such as the facial profile, dentoalveolar protrusion, the tooth size-arch length discrepancy, inclination and position of canine, dental esthetic of canines, occlusion, the dental relationship, patient’s age, the stage of development of the adjacent teeth and the condition of the deciduous predecessors with regard to root resorption and infracclusion. In this paper it will be discussed about the indications, advantages and disadvantages of both treatment modalities to help clinicians to cope with the malocclusion cases with congenital missing teeth. In this regard it needed teamwork among the orthodontist, prosthodontist, dental surgeon and restorative dentist to analyzing some factors related to individual patients and establishing overall treatment plans.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Kesadaran masyarakat dalam mengganti kehilangan gigi posterior masih berada dalam angka yang rendah. Padahal, banyak studi menyatakan kehilangan gigi yang tidak diganti akan menyebabkan perubahan lengkung oklusal karena pergerakan patologis geligi sisa terutama dalam bidang vertikal. Pergerakan vertikal tersebut dipengaruhi berbagai hal, antara lain usia pasien. Akibat perubahan lengkung oklusal antara lain mastikasi menjadi tidak efisien serta akan mempersulit rencana perawatan dan prognosis pembuatan protesa. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi usia dengan perubahan lengkung oklusal berdasarkan ekstrusi gigi pada kehilangan gigi posterior yang tidak diganti. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang pada studi model dan kartu status pasien RSGMP FKG UI tahun 2006-2008. Metode pemilihan sampel penelitian adalah purposive sampling dan didapatkan sebanyak 64 sampel penelitian. Analisis statistik secara univariat berupa distribusi frekuensi dari variabel usia, nilai ekstrusi gigi, serta uji bivariat menggunakan korelasi Pearson. Hasil: Didapatkan 64 sampel penelitian yang melengkapi kiteria inklusi. Usia sampel penelitian berkisar 20-58 tahun (usia rata-rata 38.53, SD ± 11.952). Hasil uji statistik korelasi Pearson menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,01) dengan nilai korelasi Pearson (-0.402) dimana kekuatan korelasi adalah sedang dan berbanding terbalik antara usia pasien dengan perubahan lengkung oklusal berdasarkan ekstrusi gigi antagonis. Kesimpulan: Usia memilki hubungan bermakna dengan kedalaman lengkung oklusal dari bidang sagital berdasarkan besar ekstrusi pada kasus kehilangan gigi posterior yang tidak segera diganti.

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Background: The awareness of replacing missing posterior teeth is still very low within the public even though research have shown that unreplaced missing tooth will likely alter the occlusal curve caused by pathological movement of antagonist totth, mainly on the vertical plane. The vertical movement is influenced by many factors, including patient?s age. Altered occlusal curve will reduce the efficienct of masticatory process as well as increasing the complexities of prognosis of protheses production and treatment planning. Aim: to study the correlation between aging on occlusal curve alteration as a result of unreplaced missing posterior tooth. Method: Descriptive studies using cross-sectional study method based on 2006-2008 data of dental cast and dental record of RSGMP FKG UI patients. Purposive sampling will be the method used and 64 samples will be used. Statistical analusis approach used was univariate statistics using frequency distribution of age, and dental extrusion measurement. Bivariate statistic test based on pearson correlation was also used to test the correlation between the two variables. Conclussion: All sixty four samples used met both inclusive and exclusive criteria. The samples age ranged from 20-58 years old, with a mean of 38.53 and standart deviation of 11.952. The Pearson correlation statistical test indicated a medium correlation and a inversed proportion relationship between age and occlusal curve alteration caused by antagonist tooth extrusion.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tooth loss is considered a major end point sequela of preventable oral diseases. In Malaysia, tooth mortality is a common oral health problem. Objective: To assess the impact of tooth loss, preferences for tooth replacement, and the relationship between impact of tooth loss and number of missing teeth. Methods: This descriptive crosssectional survey involved 244 patients attending a primary health center and dental clinic at a public university. The respondents completed self administered questionnaires on personal background, tooth replacement status, impact of tooth loss using a 12 item modified Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and preferences for tooth replacement. A dental examination was performed to determine the number of missing teeth. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 56.2 years (standard deviation (SD), 8.1 years). The mean number of missing teeth was 8.3; 62.7% of patients had at least 20 natural teeth. The majority were not wearing a dental prosthesis. The mean GOHAI score was 16.3. Of the patients, 66.0% experienced some food biting difficulty, 59.4% worried about oral health, and 57.8% experienced eating discomfort. Dental implants were the most preferred replacement option (38.9%). The GOHAI scores were not related to the number of missing teeth. Conclusion: Tooth loss and use of dental prostheses had some impact on quality of life, although the impact was not high.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Latar Belakang: Kehilangan gigi masih menjadi masalah dalam kesehatan gigi dan mulut orang dewasa di Indonesia. Namun, karena kurangnya kesadaran dan faktor sodiodemografi lainnya, biasanya pasien tidak langsung mencari perawatan prostodontik setelah mengalami kehilangan gigi. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara status kehilangan gigi berdasarkan jumlah dan lokasinya dengan tingkat kesadaran mengenai perawatan prostodontik. Metode: Studi analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada pasien usia 20 tahun ke atas dengan satu atau lebih gigi yang hilang. Subjek diperiksa untuk mengetahui jumlah dan lokasi gigi hilang dan menjawab kuesioner mengenai kesadaran akan perawatan prostodontik. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan Kruskal-Wallis dan uji Mann Whitney ?=5 . Hasil: Jumlah dan posisi kehilangan gigi memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat kesadaran dengan perawatan prostodontik.

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ABSTRACT
Background Edentulism still represents a significant oral health concern among Indonesian adults. Due to lack of awareness, and other sociodemographic factors, mostly patients do not seek prosthetic treatment immediately after tooth loss. Objective This study was analyzed the relationship between number and position of tooth loss with perception of patient rsquo s awareness about prosthodontic treatment. Methods Analytic observational study with cross sectional design. This study was done using a consecutive sampling on patient age of 20 years and above with one or more missing teeth. Patients were evaluated to determine the number and position of tooth loss and answered questionnaire about awareness of prosthodontic treatment. This research was analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test a 5 . Results The number and position of missing tooth had a relationship with patient rsquo s awareness of prosthodontic treatment.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Angka kesakitan gigi di Indonesia cenderung meningkat dari tahun ke tahun sebagai akibat belum memadainya kualitas pelayanan kesehatan gigi. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan masih tingginya angka pencabutan gigi. Saat ini rasio penambalan dan pencabutan gigi sebesar satu berbanding tujuh. Dengan demikian, masalah kesehatan gigi paling menonjol adalah kehilangan gigi akibat karies dan penyakit periodontal. Keputusan untuk ekstraksi gigi merupakan bagian dari rencana perawatan. Keputusan ini dibuat setelah mempertimbangkan keuntungan dan kerugian mempertahankan gigi yang telah rusak. Kehilangan satu gigi posterior menyebabkan keadaan hipofungsi gigi antagonis yaitu keadaan tidak berfungsinya gigi untuk mastikasi. Dengan kata lain, kehilangan satu gigi menyebabkan kehilangan dua gigi, kehilangan dua gigi menyebabkan kehilangan empat gigi dan demikian seterusnya. Konsep ini disebut losing teeth ?two-forone?. Gigi yang tidak memiliki antagonis cenderung akan bergerak dari posisi normalnya ke arah vertikal atau disebut ekstrusi yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan perubahan lengkung oklusal. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara jumlah kehilangan gigi posterior dengan perubahan lengkung oklusal berdasarkan nilai ekstrusi gigi antagonis. Metode: Penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional study). Sampel penelitian berupa model studi dan kartu status pasien. Pengukuran ekstrusi untuk rahang atas mengikuti pedoman penyusunan gigi posterior sedangkan untuk rahang bawah mengikuti pengukuran kedalaman Curve of Spee. Hasil: Didapatkan 57 kasus. Usia berkisar 30-50 tahun. Hasil uji statistik chi-square menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05) antara jumlah kehilangan gigi posterior dengan perubahan lengkung oklusal berdasarkan nilai ekstrusi gigi antagonis. Kesimpulan: Jumlah kehilangan gigi posterior tidak berhubungan dengan perubahan lengkung oklusal berdasarkan nilai ekstrusi gigi antagonis.

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Background: Dental illness rate in Indonesia tends to increase every year due to the insufficient of dental health service?s quality. It can be seen through the high level of tooth extraction rate. At the moment, the ratio of restoration and extraction of tooth is 1:7. Therefore, the biggest dental issue is loss of tooth due to caries and periodontal disease. The decision to remove tooth is a part of the treatment-planning process and is made after assessing the advantages and disadvantages associated with retention of the tooth. Losing one posterior tooth can result a hypo function condition of the antagonist tooth which is a condition that makes the ntagonist tooth useless because it no longer has a tooth to chew against. Therefore, losing one tooth can result in the loss of the use of two, losing two teeth can result in the loss of the use of four and so on. This concept is called losing teeth "two-for-one". The unopposed tooth has a tendency to move from its normal position in vertical direction or it can be called extrusion and in the end causes the changing of occlusion curve. Aim: To study the cross-sectional relationship between number of the tooth loss and changing of occlusion curve based on the value of extrusion of antagonist tooth. Method: This study is an analytical study using the cross-sectional study method. Research?s samples are model study and dental record. The measurement of extrusion for maxilla was following the rule of posterior teeth arrangement and for mandible was using measurement for the depth of Curve of Spee. Results: Of the total samples, 57 cases were useful for analysis. Age range between 30 and 50 years. There was no significant correlation (p>0,05) between cross-sectional measurements of number of tooth loss and changing of occlusion curve based on the value of extrusion of antagonist tooth. Conclusion: Number of tooth loss has no correlation with changing of occlusion curve based on the value of extrusion of antagonist tooth.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Temporomandibular disorders TMD adalah gangguan yang bersifat multifaktorial dan keluhan yang seringkali ditemukan adalah nyeri di daerah orofasial, keterbatasan buka mulut dan bunyi sendi. Keluhan tersebut seringkali mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari pasien sehingga semakin banyak pasien yang datang untuk mendapatkan perawatan. Aktivitas pasien mempengaruhi kualitas hidupnya, sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis hubungan TMD dengan kualitas hidup dinilai menggunakan kuesioner OHIP-TMDs-ID. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan TMD dengan kualitas hidup, menganalisis hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografis, status stres emosional, status kebiasaan buruk dan jumlah kehilangan gigi dengan kualitas hidup. Metode: Desain potong lintang. Hubungan TMD, faktor sosiodemografis, status stres emosional, status kebiasaan buruk dan jumlah kehilangan gigi dengan kualitas hidup dianalisis dengan uji t tidak berpasangan sedangkan untuk hubungan kelompok diagnosis TMD dan kelompok usia dengan kualitas hidup dengan uji ANOVA satu arah. Hasil: Dari uji yang dilakukan terlihat bahwa terdapat hubungan antara TMD dengan kualitas hidup p0,05 . Kesimpulan: Kualitas hidup pasien TMD lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pasien non TMD. ABSTRACT Background Temporomandibular disorders TMD is a multifactorial etiologic disorders and mostly patients complain about orofacial pain, limited opening and clicking or crepitation. Sometimes those complaints are affecting their daily activities so patients tried to seek treatments. Patients rsquo daily activities affected their quality of life so we needed to analyze the relationship between TMD and quality of life based on OHIP TMDs ID. Objective to analyze the relationships between TMD, sociodemographic factors, emotional stress, bad habit and number of tooth loss with quality of life. Method This research used a cross sectional design. The relationship between TMD, sociodemographic factors, emotional stress status, bad habit status and number of tooth loss with quality of life were analyzed using unpaired t test while for the relationship between diagnostic group of TMD and age group with quality of life used one way ANOVA. Results There is a relationship between TMD and TMD rsquo s group diagnose with quality of life p