Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Tetes mata yang mengandung tetrahidrozolin hidroklorida 0,05% akhir-akhir ini digunakan sebagai obat perantara dalam tindakan kriminal dengan cara dicampurkan ke dalam minuman yang diberikan kepada korban. Laporan kasus menyebabkan korban mengalami pusing, lemas, depresi pernafasan, hipotensi dan kehilangan kesadaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek toksik 1 botol tetes mata dengan mencampurkan ke dalam beberapa minuman yang diberikan per oral pada tikus dan menganalisis kadar tetrahidrozolin dalam urin. Tikus dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok dengan perlakuan antara lain kelompok normal (air 3 ml); THZ: tetrahidrozolin hidroklorida (0,675 mg/200g bb); THZ + ID (tetrahidrozolin hidroklorida 0,675 mg/200g bb + idazoxan 7,2 mg/200g bb); IN: Insto® 0,675 mg/200g bb; IN + SP: Insto® 0,675 mg/200g + Sprite® 3 mL; IN + TH: Insto® 0,675 mg/200g + Teh Pucuk Harum® 3 mL: IN + AL: Insto® 0,675 mg/200g + Bir Bintang® 3 mL. Hewan uji dipuasakan semalaman, parameter kesadaran (pinna reflex, eye twitch, auditory startle dan righting reflex), laju nafas, suhu, dan tekanan darah diukur sebelum dan sesudah pemberian zat uji, volume urin ditampung selama 4 jam pengamatan, dan kadar tetrahidrozolin dianalisis pada urin jam ke-1 dan ke-2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat efek penurunan laju nafas dan tekanan darah, pelarut minuman soda, teh dan alkohol memberikan pengaruh potensiasi yang signifikan terhadap efek tersebut. Pelarut minuman berpengaruh pada volume dan kadar tetrahidrozolin hidroklorida dalam urin. ......Recently, eye drops containing tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride have been used in drug facilitated crime by mixing it into beverages given to victims. Numbers of case reports showed effects to the victims are dizziness, weakness, respiratory depression, hypotension and loss of consciousness. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of 1 bottle of eye drops by mixing it with several drinks given orally to rats and to analyze the levels of tetrahydrozoline in urine. Rats were divided into 7 groups as follow as; the normal group (3 ml water); THZ: tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (0.675 mg/200g bb); THZ + ID (tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride 0.675 mg/200g bb + idazoxan 7.2 mg/200g bb); IN: Insto® 0.675 mg/200g bb; IN + SP: Insto® 0.675 mg/200g + Sprite® 3 mL; IN + TH: Insto® 0.675 mg/200g + 3 mL Teh Pucuk Harum®; IN + AL: Insto® 0.675 mg/200g + Bir Bintang® 3 mL. The animals were fasted overnight, the parameters of consciousness (pinna reflex, eye twitch, auditory startle and righting reflex), respiratory rate, temperature, and blood pressure were measured before and after administration of the test substance, urine volume collected for 4 hours of observation, and tetrahydrozoline levels were analyzed at 1st and 2nd hour. The results showed that respiratory rate and blood pressure decreased significantly, the beverages showed significant potentiating effect. Beverages affected the volume and levels of tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride in urine.

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Candida albicans merupakan flora normal rongga mulut yang dapat berubah menjadi flora pathogen. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) merupakan tanaman berkhasiat obat yang mengandung Xanthorrhizol. Ekstrak etanol temulawak secara in vitro dilaporkan dapat menghambat dan mengeradikasi biofilm C. albicans sehingga dapat diformulasikan untuk dikembangkan mejadi bentuk sediaan obat tetes topikal oromukosa. Uji toksisitas merupakan salah satu uji biokompatibilitas yang penting dalam proses pengembangan obat baru. Tujuan: Menetapkan nilai LD50 dan kategori toksisitas obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak. Serta efek yang ditimbulkannya pada berat badan, aktivitas fisik, dan makroskopis organ dalan hewan uji. Metode: 15 ml (16.650 mg)/kg BB obat tetes ekstrak etanol temulawak diberikan pada 5 hewan uji. Selanjutnya hewan uji diamati selama 14 hari untuk observasi tanda-tanda toksisitas dan kematian hewan uji. Jika terdapat kematian minimal pada dua hewan uji, maka diberikan dosis 7,5 ml/kg berat badan. Pada akhir pengamatan, hewan uji dikorbankan untuk pemeriksaan makroskopis organ dalam hewan uji. Hasil: Tidak ditemukan kematian hewan uji hingga akhir periode observasi. Seluruh hewan uji mengalami penurunan berat badan pada hari ke 2-5, kurang aktif selama 4 hari, dan dua hewan uji mengalami diare pada hari ke 2 dan 3. Pada pemeriksaan makroskopis tidak ditemukan kelainan pada organ usus, hati, paru-paru, jantung, limpa, dan ginjal. Kesimpulan: LD50 Obat tetes etanol temulawak lebih dari 16.650 mg/kg BB dengan kategori relatif aman, tidak menimbulkan perubahan aktifitas, gejala klinis dan berat badan yang menetap serta tidak ditemukan perubahan makroskopis organ dalam hewan uji. ......Introduction: Candida albicans is a normal flora of the oral cavity which can be transformed into pathogenic flora. Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Is a medicinal plant containing Xanthorrhizol. Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanolic extract is reported to inhibit and eradicate C. albicans biofilm so that it can be formulated to be developed into oral dosage form for oromucosal drops. The toxicity test is an important biocompatibility test in the process of developing new drugs. Objective: To determine the LD50 value and the toxicity category of oromucosal drop containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanolic extract, The effect on body weight, physical activity, and macroscopic organs in test animals. Methods: 15 ml (16,650 mg)/kg BW of oromucosal drop containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanolic extract were given to 5 test animals. Furthermore, the test animals were observed for 14 days to observe signs of toxicity and death of the tested animals. If there is death in at least two tests, a dose of 7.5 ml/kg BW is given. At the end of the observation, the test animal was sacrificed for macroscopic examination of the organs in the test animal. Results: There were no deaths of test animals until the end of the observation period. Test animals experienced weight loss on day 2-5, were less active for 4 days, and all tested animals experienced diarrhea on days 2 and 3. On macroscopic examination, there were no abnormalities in the intestinal organs, liver, lungs, heart, spleen, and kidneys. Conclusion: LD50 oromucosal drop containing Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanolic extract more than 16.650 mg/kg BW are categorized as relatively safe, changes in activity, clinical symptoms, and body weight are not permanent, and there is no macroscopic change in the organs of the tested animals.