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Abstrak :
The definitive book on tire mechanics by the acknowledged world expert Covers everything you need to know about pneumatic tires and their impact on vehicle performance, including mathematic modeling and its practical application Written by the acknowledged world authority on the topic and the name behind the most widely used model, Pacejka's 'Magic Formula' Updated with the latest information on new and evolving tire models to ensure you can select the right model for your needs, apply it appropriately and understand its limitations In this well-known resource, leading tire model expert Hans Pacejka explains the relationship between operational variables, vehicle variables and tire modeling, taking you on a journey through the effective modeling of complex tire and vehicle dynamics problems. Covering the latest developments to Pacejka's own industry-leading model as well as the widely-used models of other pioneers in the field, the book combines theory, guidance, discussion and insight in one comprehensive reference. While the details of individual tire models are available in technical papers published by SAE, FISITA and other automotive organizations, Tire and Vehicle Dynamics remains the only reliable collection of information on the topic and the standard go-to resource for any engineer or researcher working in the area. New edition of the definitive book on tire mechanics, by the acknowledged world authority on the topicCovers everything an automotive engineer needs to know about pneumatic tires and their impact on vehicle performance, including mathematic modelling and its practical applicationMost vehicle manufacturers use what is commonly known as Pacejka's 'Magic Formula', the tire model developed and presented in this book.

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Efek negatif yang timbul dari keberadaan limbah ban bekas pada lingkungan merupakan masalah utama di seluruh dunia, hal ini membutuhkan penekanan pada proses daur ulang dan proses penggunaan kembali. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari metode pengolahan yang memberikan nilai tertinggi untuk material ban bekas dan menjadikan salah satu bahan baku produksi masal. Daur ulang sebagai bahan baku substitusi produksi ban baru menjadi salah satu pilihan potensial untuk memperoleh pemanfaatan dengan konservasi nilai material yang sebaik-baiknya menurut prinsip Production for Material Value Conservation. Pada penelitian ini karet remah dari material ban bekas telah diuji sebagai bahan baku pencampur dalam memproduksi ban. Kompon karet dibuat dengan variasi campuran material karet dari ban bekas dan material karet baru. Hasil uji kompon menunjukan persentase material ban bekas yang paling optimum untuk campuran material karet ban mobil adalah sebesar 15%, setelah diaplikasikan dengan proses retreading ban kemudian dilakukan uji kelayakan teknis yaitu uji Sifat Tampak, Dimensi, Penunjuk Keausan Telapak, dan Ketahanan pada berbagai beban untuk memenuhi persyaratan standar SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia).

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ABSTRACT
The negative effects arising from the presence of waste tires in the environment are a major problem throughout the world, this requires emphasis on the recycling process and the reuse process. The purpose of this research is to find a processing method that provides the highest value for used tire material and makes one of the raw materials for mass production. Recycling as a raw material for substituting new tire production is one of the potential choices for obtaining utilization by conserving the best value of material according to the principle of Production for Material Value Conservation. In this study crumb rubber from used tire material has been tested as a mixing raw material in producing tires. Rubber compound is made with a variety of mixture of rubber material from used tires and new rubber material. Compound test results showed the percentage of the most optimum used tire material for the mixture of car tire rubber material was 15%, after being applied with the process of retreading the tire then a technical feasibility test was carried out namely test of Visual Properties, Dimensions, Tread Wear Indicator and Endurance to meet the requirements of the SNI standard (Indonesian National Standard).

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Hukum persaingan usaha melindungi persaingan dan proses persaingan yang sehat dengan mencegah dan memberikan sanksi terhadap tindakan-tindakan yang anti persaingan. Kartel sangat merugikan perekonomian karena para pelaku usaha anggota kartel akan setuju untuk melakukan kegiatan yang berdampak pada pengendalian harga, seperti pembatasan jumlah produksi yang akan menyebabkan inefisiensi alokasi. Skripsi ini membahas dugaan praktek kartel dan penetapan harga yang dilakukan oleh enam perusahaan ban di Indonesia. Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) menyatakan bahwa keenam perusahaan melakukan kesepakatan penetapan harga dan mengontrol produksi dan penjualan ban dalam periode 2009 sampai 2012. Keenam perusahaan tersebut dituduh melanggar Pasal 5 ayat (1) dan Pasal 11 UU No. 5 Tahun 1999. Dalam putusannya, KPPU menyatakan bahwa keenam perusahaan tersebut terbukti melanggar Pasal 5 ayat (1) dan Pasal 11, yakni penetapan harga dan kartel. Alhasil, KPPU menghukum enam perusahaan ban tersebut untuk membayar denda sebesar 25 milyar rupiah. Dalam proses penulisan skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan tujuan menganalisis putusan KPPU No. 08/KPPU-I/2014 berdasarkan UU No. 5 Tahun 1999 dan Peraturan Komisi No. 4 Tahun 2010. ...... The Business Competition Law protects competition and the healthy competition process by preventing and giving sanctions to the anti-competition acts. Cartels are very detrimental to the economy because the business doers as the cartel members will agree to do activities having impact on price control, such as the limitation of production amount which will cause allocation ineffeciency. This thesis analyzes the presumption of cartel practices and price fixing agreement by the six tire manufacturers in Indonesia. Business Competition Supervisory Commision (KPPU) said that the companies are suspected to have made deals in price fixing and controlling tire production and sales from 2009 until 2012. They were alleged for breaching article 5(1) and article 11 Law Number 5/1999. However on its final decision, KPPU decided that the six companies have breached article 5(1) and article 11, concerning price fixing and cartel. As a result to this breach, the KPPU punished the six companies to pay fine in the amount of IDR 25 billion. In process of writing this thesis, writer is using legal research method to analyzing KPPU decision Number 08/KPPU-I/2014 based on the Law Number 5/1999 and Comission Regulation Number 4/2010.

Abstrak :
This book highlights the mechanics of tire performance, offering detailed explanations of deriving basic equations for the fundamental properties of tires, and discussing ways to improve tire performance using these equations. It also compares the theory with practical measurements. The book commences with composite mechanics, which is the fundamental theory for belt and carcass tires, and covers classical, modified and discrete lamination theory. It then addresses the theory of tire shape and spring properties and the mechanics of tread pattern contact properties, as was well as the performance of various tires. This comprehensive book is a valuable resource for engineers involved in tire design and offers unique insights and examples of improvement of tire performances.

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Tekanan rantai pasok saat ini untuk mengurangi biaya, mengelola persediaan dan efisiensi transportasi merupakan tantangan yang dihadapi produsen manufaktur. Selain tantangan itu, produsen ban masih harus berurusan dengan pasokan bahan baku, terutama karet alam sebagai bahan yang unik. Penelitian ini berfokus pada optimasi strategi rantai pasokan yang paling efisien dalam pembuatan ban dengan mengelola semua kendala, termasuk pasokan dari karet alam. Data dikumpulkan dari PT. Gajah Tunggal Tbk. sebagai salah satu manufaktur ban terbesar di asia tenggara. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 11 skenario dibuat dan dihitung menggunakan metode Goal Programming untuk menemukan penyimpangan minimum antara nilai target dan semua kendala. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang paling efisien adalah dengan mengoptimalkan pasokan karet alam untuk memproduksi ban mobil penumpang radial dan ban truk & bus radial. Pada simulasi tersebut menghasilkan selisih antara harga pokok penjualan dengan target penjualan mencapai 28%, hasil ini paling signifikan diantara simulasi lainnya serta dalam simulasi ini juga di dapatkan variasi terkecil untuk biaya persediaan dan transportasi dari skenario baseline.

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Pressure of supply chain to reduce cost, manage shortened order-to-delivery cycles, ensure a highly efficient logistics network to store, and distribute finish products are some of the key challenges that the tire industry faces. Besides those challenges, tire manufacturers still have to deal with raw material supply, particularly natural rubber as the unique material. This paper focuses on creating the most efficient supply chain strategy in tire manufacturing by managing all constraints, including the natural rubber supply. Data collected from PT. Gajah Tunggal Tbk. as one of the biggest tire manufacturing in southeast asia. In this paper, 11 scenarios are created and calculated using Goal Programming Method to find minimum deviation between the target value and all constraints. The results show that the most efficient strategy is to optimize supply of natural rubber to produce passenger car radial tires and truck & bus radial tires. This strategy has the most significant gap between the net sales and the cost of good sold, as well as the smallest variation of inventory and transportation costs to the baseline scenario.

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Tesis ini membahas mengenai alasan China mengajukan AS ke WTO terkait sengketa perdagangan antara Amerika Serikat (AS) dan China di WTO mengenai kenaikan tarif impor ban produksi China yang dilakukan oleh AS tahun 2009-2010. Jumlah ekspor ban produksi China meningkat drastis dan berdampak pada industri domestik AS. Pemerintah AS kemudian memutuskan melakukan mekanisme safeguard yang diatur dalam Section 421 of Trade Act 1974 terhadap produk China. Pemerintah China tidak menerima keputusan AS tersebut dan melaporkan ke Dispute Settlement Body WTO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alasan China mengajukan AS ke WTO karena keputusan AS telah mengganggu kepentingan nasional China di sektor ekonomi dan perdagangan. ......The focus of this study is China’s motive for initiating a WTO trade dispute resolution case againts the United States regarding the U.S decision to impose additional tariffs on certain Chinese tires for three years. China's tire export increased dramatically and gave negative impact to U.S domestic plants. The U.S. government then decided to launch safeguard measure provided in Section 421 of Trade Act 1974 againts China's tires. The result of this study showed that the motive was because the U.S. decision had disrupted China's national interests in economic and trade sectors.

Abstrak :
Indonesia merupakan negara dengan areal perkebunan karet terluas di dunia dengan luas mencapai 3,4 juta hektar dengan tingkat produksi mencapai 1 juta ton per hektar. Sebesar 55 karet alam yang dihasilkan digunakan oleh industri manufaktur ban. Industri ban di Indonesia merupakan salah saru komuditas ekspor yang menjajikan dengan nilai mencapai US 1,6 milyar pada tahun 2014. Dalam upaya untuk lebih meningkatkan daya saya produk ban di pasar internasional maka dilakukanlah pengembangan teknologi ban, salah satunya adalah modifikasi dari bahan baku ban. Karet alam sebagai bahan baku ban memiliki elastisitas dan kekuatan tarik yang baik, tetapi memiliki nilai modulus kekakuan yang rendah. Salah satu upaya mengatasinya adalah dengan menambahkan additif pada proses manufaktur ban. Starch yang banyak ditemukan pada tumbuhan-tumbuhan hijau memiliki nilai modulus kekakuan yang lebih baik dari pada karet alam, sehingga dapat digunkan sebagai additif yang tepat untuk ban. Tetapi starch yang merupakan unsur polar akan sulit untuk dicampurkan dengan karet alam yang merupakan unsur non-polar. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menyatukannya adalah dengan menggunakan glow discharge electrolysis plasma GDEP yang menghasilkan energi tinggi pada prosesnya sehingga dapat memicu terbentuknya ikatan. Proses grafting dengan mengunakan metode GDEP ini antara karet alam yang masih dalam bentuk emulsi atau yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan latex dengan starch diharapkan akan menghasilkan ikatan eter C-O , sehingga akan meningkatkan kompatibilitas dari additif. Proses GDEP dilakukan dengan menggunakan variasi waktu t 5, 10, dan 15 menit serta variasi tegangan V 612.9 V, 658.3 V, dan 703.7 V. Kemudian produk latex-starch hibrida dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan pengujian FT-IR, sessile drop, STA, dan persen yield. Dari hasil pengujian ini dapat diketahui bahwa proses grafting antara latex dan starch dapat menghasilkan produk latex-starch hibrida yang ditunjukan dengan munculya ikatan eter C-O dari hasil pengujian FT-IR. Produk yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat permukaan yang hidrofilik, selain itu juga memiliki nilai tegangan permukan yang lebih tinggi dari latex sehingga kompatibilitasnya sebagai additif juga baik dengan stabilitas termal yang serupa dengan latex. Pada proses sintesisnya ditemukan waktu t dan tegangan optimum untuk menghasilakn produk yang efisien adalah 10 menit dan 658.3 V secara berturut-turut. ......Indonesia as the biggest natural rubber plantation in the world have 3.4 million hectare plantation with production capacity 1 million ton per hectare. 55 natural rubber form indonesia used by tire manufacture industry. Tire industry in Indonesia is one of promised export comodity with the value reach US 1.6 billion in 2014. To improve the competitivenes tire form Indonesia in the international market, the technolgy of tire have to improve too. One of the methode is modification the raw material of tire. Natural rubber as the raw material have good elsticity and tensile strength, but it have low stiffnes modulus. So additive must be added to improve this properties. Starch with good stiffnes modulus property is one of the choice to be used as a tire additive. But starch is polar and it can not be mixed with non polar natural rubber. Glow discharge electrolysis plasma GDEP that produce high energy is used as a method to bond between starch and latex as an emulsion phase of nutural rubber. Hybrid latex starch is produced by grafting latex with starch using GDEP method and they are conected by ether C O bonding, so it can improve the compatiblity between tire additive and natural rubber. The GDEP procces were used time V variation of 5, 10, 15 minute and voltage V variation of 612.9 V, 658.3 V, and 703.7 V. Hybrid latex starch product were characterizized using FT IR, sessile drop test, STA, and yield percent anlysis methode. Eters bonding C O between starch and latex in hybrid latex starch was founded in FTIR data. The product have a good hidrofilicity properties and the surface tension is higher than latex, so the compatiblity was improved when it using as a tire additive with same thermal stablity as natural rubber. In the synthesis procces was founded there is an optimum time and voltage to produced a good product in 10 minute and 658.3 V respectively.

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Dalam menghadapi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi pada kondisi perekonomian dunia yang penuh dengan ketidakpastian saat ini. Setiap perusahaan dituntut untuk dapat melakukan peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusianya agar kinerja perusahaan dapat unggul dalam daya saing industri, baik di pasar domestik maupun di pasar global. Masalah produktivitas sebenarnya merupakan salah satu fokus utama permasalahan sumber daya manusia karena didalamnya sudah meliputi efisiensi, efektivitas, relevansi dan kualitas sesuai yang dihasilkan oleh manusia, namun semua ini dapat tercapai dengan memperhatikan kompensasi karyawan dan budaya perusahaan diterapkan dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kompensasi dan budaya perusahaan terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan PT.Bridgestone Tire Indonesia di pabrik Bekasi Jawa Barat. Populasi adalah karyawan pada perusahaan tersebut di Pabrik Bekasi yang berjumlah 396 responden untuk bagian produksi III. Teknik pengontrolan data menggunakan data primer melalui angket/kuesioner yang diberikan kepada masing-masing responden. Alat analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan program SPSS for Windows dan komputer Excell. Uji korelasi yang digunakan untuk mengetahui ada dan tidaknya hubungan antara variabel Y dan X. Dalam hal ini metode yang digunakan adalah Analisis Korelasi Bivariate, Koefisien Korelasi Pearson (r), Korelasi Ganda (R), Uji Signifikansi Hipotesis Penelitian. Secara umum hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa kompensasi mempunyai hubungan yang kuat, positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan PT Bridgestone Tire Indonesia, budaya perusahaan mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat, positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan PT. Bridgestone Tire Indonesia, serta secara bersama-sama kompensasi dan budaya perusahaan mempunyai hubungan yang sangat kuat, positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja karyawan PT Bridgestone Tire Indonesia. Bagi pengambil kebijakan di PT.Bridgestone Tire Indonesia agar memperhatikan faktor kompensasi dan faktor nilai budaya perusahaan dalam kaitannya dengan faktor produktivitas kerja.

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Employees as human resources play an important role in pacify and expand a production process. They carry out a necessary working activity that in some cases are exposed by the risk of dangerous situation. Occupation accident in an industry, especially in a manufacturing company constitute as undesired evidence. Labor protection principle in occupational accident not only evaluate a potential risk of danger but also find out the cause of emergence. This thesis emphasizes on the cause factors of accident that might suddenly happen in preceding to the working activity. This study would be explored in the production unit of Bridgestone Tire Indonesia. It uses the Fault Tree Analysis Method with a qualitative research. The result of this research shows that the occupation accident occurring in that company has various types following Heinrich theories that the cause of accident are due to fail of carefulness during working activities and unsafe working conditions. To pay attention on the statistics of accident, based on the yearly report, the evidence has increased about 72,7% from 1999 to 2001, at the time patrol safety clothes, the figure fluctuate. That research only focus on flow think or flow chart for unsafe acts and unsafe conditions with secundair data result in fact with field in Fault tree analysis. From the data field result unsafe condition caused of operation machine, materiil conditions and environment condition. Accupation accident from operation machine caused of operation didn't follow on procedures, abnorm condition and didn't connect. Abnorm conditions may be caused of requirement function unprotect, trouble machine or lable in machine can't understand becaused Kanji letters. On trouble may be caused of didn't function of emergency stop, rope emergency can't caught, trouble operator to find manual stop or less of requirement gived. Environment conditions may be floor not smooth, unbalance cleaning service, not keep on Healhty or narrow office in work, in unsafe acts caused of operator working unfollowed with standard and machine abnorm condition. Operator working unfollowed with standard caused of neglected on working, work without safety clothes, work in machine oparation, work withough requirement protect, and hurry working, work unsafe body position, work trouble, unsafe requirement. Work without safety clothe s caused of safety clothes broken, unwilling safety clothes, safety clothes unrelative give, working with safety clothes unpleasant or safety clothes not enough stock. In hurry working caused of in hurry finish or in hurry order target. Trouble working caused of don't know risk or low educated. Hopefully this thesis could contribute to decrease the figure of accident in the manufacturing companies.Bibliography : 35 ( 1980-2000)