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Abstrak :
Joint sound is one of the signs of the temporomandibular joint disorder dan its characteristics are tought to be able to establish the gravity of the disorder. The aim of this study was to analyze the relation between the sound characteristics - its pitch and intensity - and the gravity of the temporomandibular joint disorder. The subjects of this research were 54 students who fulfilled the criteria included in the basic questionnaire which was distributed among all the 4th and 6th semester dental students of Faculty of Dentistry University of Indonesia. The gravity of the disorder was obtained from the subjective as well as the objective examination, using Helkimo index. 108 joint sound samples of the left and right joint were recorded during opening and closing movement of the mandible, using a modified stethoscope which was connected to a personal computer. The analysis of the joint sound characteristics was done with audio analysis software Cool Edit 2000. A one wat anova test showed a significant relation between the gravity of temporomandibular joint disorder and the intensity of the joint sound (p<0.05). The gravity of the disorder was equivalent to the intensity of the sound, however there was no significant relation between the joint sound pitch and the gravity of the temporomandibular joint disorder. It was concluded that the joint sound intensity was worthy of further study as a sign of diagnostic value.

Abstrak :
Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is a fusion of the glenoid fossa and capsular surface of the joint that involved condyle and discus as a result of the formation of fibrous tissue or bone formation. This condition caused the mandible could not translate from the fossa. This condition reduced mouth opening that range from partial to complete immobility of the jaw. Ankylosis can be duvided into two types, intracapsular and extracapsular ankylosis. This case reported a condylectomy of an adult patient with ankylosis for eight years. It resulted maximum opening mouth approximately 32 mm.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh gangguan sendi temporomandibula terhadap aktivitas otot mastikasi. Metode penelitian: Subjek merupakan pasien dengan tipe wajah dolichofacial berusia 15 - 35 tahun yang belum melakukan perawatan ortodonti, yaitu 11 dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula dan 11 tanpa gangguan sendi temporomandibula sebagai kontrol. Pemeriksaan elektromiografi pada otot masseter dan temporalis anterior dilakukan dengan menginstruksikan pasien menggigit cotton rolls selama 5 detik. Perhitungan Root Mean Square dari pemeriksaan EMG masing-masing otot dibandingkan dengan uji T tidak berpasangan dan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara akticvitas otot kanan masseter, kiri masseter, dan kanan temporalis anterior pada pasien maloklusi dengan dan tanpa gangguan sendi temporomandibula yang memiliki tipe wajah dolichofacial. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara otot mastikasi tersebut dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula. Kesimpulan: Pasien dolichofacial dengan gangguan sendi temporomandibula memiliki aktivitas otot masseter dan otot temporalis anterior yang lebih lemah jika dibandingkan dengan pasien tanpa gangguan sendi temporomandibula ......Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the influence of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) on surface electromyography activity in the masticatory muscles. Methods: Dolichofacial patients (n = 22) aged 15 to 35 years were examined: 11 with TMD and 11 control subjects without TMD. A standardized surface electromyography recording was performed on the masticatory muscle during 5 s of maximum voluntary clenching on cotton rolls. The root mean square value of each muscle was calculated and analyzed for differences using an unpaired Student’s t-test. Spearman’s correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for the determination of correlations between TMD and root mean square values. Results: Surface electromyography revealed significant differences in the right temporal, right and left masseter during maximum voluntary clenching. Both sides of the masseter and right temporal also showed a negative correlation with TMD. During maximum voluntary clenching, TMD patients had relatively lower elevator muscle activity. Conclusions: Electromyographic activities in the masseter muscles were lower in dolichofacial patients with TMD than non-TMD controls. Surface electromyography of masticatory muscles may assist the clinical assessment of TMD patients.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) merupakan sendi kompleks dari tubuh manusia yang memiliki peranan penting dalam proses pengunyahan, penelanan dan pengucapan. Salah satu pemeriksaan radiografik yang dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi TMJ adalah Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) karena pencitraan ini dapat menampilkan gambaran rekonstruksi tiga dimensi yang lebih reliabel dan akurat dengan waktu pemindaian akuisisi lebih singkat, sehingga dosis radiasi pada pasien lebih rendah dan biaya pemeriksaan yang lebih rendah. Kemampuan software CBCT memegang peranan penting dalam menganalisa sebuah gambaran CBCT. Ada beberapa macam software yang tersedia yaitu open-source software dan commercial software. Beberapa penelitian tentang kemampuan open-source software untuk kasus TMJ telah dilakukan namun jumlahnya masih sangat terbatas, namun belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan performa open-source software terhadap commercial software dalam melakukan pengukuran ruang sendi TMJ. Tujuan: Menganalisis hasil pengukuran open-source software dengan commercial software dalam mengevaluasi TMJ pada gambaran CBCT. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa 5 data set file DICOM CBCT dari pasien yang datang ke Klinik Radiologi Kedokteran Gigi RSKGM FKG UI. Pengukuran ruang sendi TMJ menggunakan software yang berbeda dilakukan menggunakan titik referensi yang telah ditentukan sesuai definisi operasional. Software yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Horos, IITK-Snap dan CS 3D dental imaging software. Hasil: Uji reabililitas yang digunakan adalah Technical Error of Measurement (TEM) oleh Dahlberg dengan hasil pengukuran oleh intra- dan interobserver < 1 mm, yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesesuaian antar observer dan menunjukkan reabilitas penggunaan Horos, ITK-Snap, dan CS 3D Dental Imaging software dalam mengukur ruang sendi TMJ. Hasil uji statistik perbandingan hasil pengukuran Horos, ITK-Snap dengan CS 3D imaging menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p > 0.05), dengan nilai Mean of Error pada pengukuran dengan menggunakan Horos dibandingkan CS 3D yaitu 5.57 % - 25.7%, dan nilai Mean of error pada pengukuran dengan menggunakan ITK-Snap dibandingkan CS 3D yaitu 2.76%-24.53%. Nilai CoV pada pengukuran menggunakan Horos dibandingkan CS 3D yaitu minimal 2% - 24.5%. Nilai CoV pada pengukuran menggunakan ITK-Snap dibandingkan CS 3D sebesar 2% - 34.5%. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi awal tentang reabilitas dan akurasi antara Open-source software Horos dan ITK-Snap dibandingkan dengan Commercial software CS 3D Dental Imaging software dalam melakukan pengukuran ruang sendi TMJ. Meskipun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada pengukuran yang menggunakan Horos, ITK-Snap dibandingkan dengan CS 3D Dental Imaging software. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akurasi pengukuran menggunakan ITK-Snap lebih tinggi daripada Horos, walaupun nilai keandalan ITK-Snap masih lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Horos. ......Background: Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is a complex joint of the human body which has an important role in the processes of mastication, swallowing and pronunciation. One of the radiographic examinations that can be used to evaluate TMJ conditions is Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) because this imaging can display a more reliable and accurate three-dimensional reconstruction image with shorter scan acquisition time, resulting in lower radiation dose to patients and examination costs. lower. The capabilities of the CBCT software play an important role in analyzing a CBCT image. There are several kinds of software are available for CBCT such as open-source and commercial software. Several studies on the ability of open-source software for TMJ cases have been carried out but the number is still very limited, but there has been no research comparing the performance of open-source software to commercial software in measuring the TMJ joint space. Objective: To analyze the measurement of open-source software with commercial software to evaluate the TMJ on CBCT images. Methods: This study used 5 DICOM CBCT file data sets from patients who came to the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Clinic RSKGM FKG UI. TMJ joint space measurements using different software are carried out using predetermined reference points according to operational definitions. The software used in this study are Horos, IITK-Snap and CS 3D dental imaging software. Results: The reliability test used was Dahlberg's Technical Error of Measurement (TEM) with intra- and interobserver measurement results of <1 mm, which indicated that there was compatibility between observers and demonstrated the reliability of using Horos, ITK-Snap, and CS 3D Dental Imaging software in measuring the TMJ joint space. Statistical test results for comparison of Horos, ITK-Snap and CS 3D imaging measurements showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), the Mean of Error in measurements using Horos compared to CS 3D was 5.57% - 25.7%, and the Mean of error in measurements using ITK-Snap compared to CS 3D was 2.76% -24.53%. The CoV value in measurements using Horos compared to CS 3D is at least 2% - 24.5%. The CoV value in measurements using ITK-Snap compared to CS 3D is 2% - 34.5%. Conclusion: This study shows initial information about the reliability and accuracy between Open-source software Horos and ITK-Snap compared to Commercial software CS 3D Dental Imaging software in measuring the TMJ joint space. Although there was no significant difference in measurements using Horos, ITK-Snap was compared with CS 3D Dental Imaging software. This study shows that the measurement accuracy using ITK-Snap is higher than Horos, although the reliability value of ITK-Snap is still lower than that of Horos.