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"Latar belakang: Banyak studi menunjukkan latihan fisik memberikan efek positif pada metabolisme tubuh dan panjang telomer. Selain itu, diet juga memengaruhi dinamika panjang telomer sel darah putih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meneliti efek latihan fisik aerobik terhadap panjang telomer, kadar glukosa, trigliserida dan malondialdehida MDA pada subjek dengan diet tinggi lemak. Metode: Studi eksperimental menggunakan 12 tikus jantan 12 bulan yang dibagi dalam kelompok: 1 kontrol diet tinggi lemak 2 perlakuan diet tinggi lemak kaya minyak kedelai dan latihan aerobik . Latihan aerobik menggunakan treadmill 20 m/menit, 20 menit 5x/minggu . Pada minggu 0, 4 dan 8 dilakukan pengukuran ekspresi panjang telomer relatif sel darah putih dengan qRT-PCR, dan glukosa, trigliserida, dan MDA plasma dengan spektrofotometer. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kadar glukosa, trigliserida dan MDA pada kedua kelompok. Terjadi penurunan kadar MDA pada kedua kelompok di minggu 8. Terdapat pemanjangan telomer relatif pada minggu 4 dan 8 di kedua kelompok jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol minggu 0, dengan laju pemanjangan yang tinggi pada kelompok kontrol di minggu 8. Kesimpulan : Delapan minggu latihan aerobik tidak mengubah glukosa dan trigliserida pada kondisi diet tinggi lemak kaya minyak kedelai. Diet tinggi lemak kedelai diduga menurunkan MDA pada kedua kelompok. Latihan aerobik selama 8 minggu menekan laju peningkatan panjang telomer relatif sel darah putih pada kondisi diet tinggi lemak kaya minyak kedelai.

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Background Many study results show that physical activity and exercise has a positive effect to glucose, triglyseride, stress oxidative status, and telomere length. Several studies have also shown that leucocyte telomere length dynamics were influenced by various environmental factors such as lifestyle and diet. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on telomere length in high fat diet rich in soybean oil condition. Methods This was an in vivo experimental study, using twelve 12 male rats 12 months old . They were divided into two groups n 6 1 control group high fat rich in soybean oil diet 2 treatment group high fat rich in soybean oil and aerobic exercise . The aerobic exercise was conducted using rat treadmill, 5x week, 20 m min for 20 minutes. After 4 and 8 weeks we compared the relative telomere length between control group and treatment group using qRT PCR and also measured glucose, triglyseride, and malondialdehyde MDA level with spectrophotometer. Results There was no significant difference between glucose, triglyceride and MDA levels in both groups. There was a significant decrease in MDA levels between weeks 0 and week 8 in both groups. There was a telomere lengthening in both groups at week 4 and even more significant telomere lengthening at week 8 in control group. Conclusions Aerobic exercise for 8 weeks does not change plasma glucose levels and triglycerides in high fat rich in soybean oil diet conditions. A decrease MDA in both groups probably caused by high fat diet rich in soybean oil. Aerobic exercise for 8 weeks can suppress the lengthening of telomere in high fat rich in soybean oil diet conditions. "

"Pendahuluan: Berdasarkan intensitas, durasi, dan bagaimana energi untuk kerja otot dihasilkan, latihan fisik dibagi menjadi latihan fisik aerobik dan anaerobik. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara latihan fisik dengan perubahan panjang telomer sel darah putih SDP , dan sel otot jantung. Pemendekan telomer SDP sering dihubungkan dengan penyakit kronik tidak menular, salah satunya penyakit kardiovaskular. Di Indonesia belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan pengaruh latihan fisik aerobik dan anaerobik terhadap perubahan panjang telomer SDP dan sel otot jantungTujuan: Membandingkan efek latihan fisik aerobik dan anaerobik terhadap perubahan panjang telomer SDP dan sel otot jantungMetode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 tikus putih jantan berusia 11-13 bulan, berat rata-rata 300 gram. Dibagi secara acak dalam 3 kelompok: 1 kontrol; 2 latihan fisik aerobik; 3 latihan fisik anaerobik. Latihan fisik dilakukan 5 kali/minggu selama 4 dan 12 minggu. Perhitungan panjang telomer relatif menggunakan Real-Time PCR.Hasil: Secara signifikan terdapat perbedaan panjang telomer relatif SDP kelompok aerobik 4 minggu dan 12 minggu dibanding kontrol 4 minggu p=0,012 dan p=0,009 . Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kelompok anaerobik 4 dan 12 minggu dibanding kontrol 4 minggu p=0,208 dan p=0,141 . Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna panjang telomer relatif sel otot jantung kelompok aerobik maupun anaerobik dibanding kontrol.Kesimpulan: Latihan fisik aerobik memberikan efek lebih baik dibanding anaerobik dalam perubahan panjang telomer SDP. Sedangkan latihan fisik aerobik maupun anaerobik tidak mempengaruhi perubahan panjang telomer sel otot jantung.Kata Kunci: Latihan fisik aerobik, latihan fisik anaerobik, telomer, sel darah putih, sel otot jantung

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Introduction Aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise are two types of physical exercise that differ based on the intensity, interval, and type of muscle fibers incorporated. Telomere length TL of leukocyte, a measure of replicative senescence, decreases with aging. Recent evidence supports that telomere length of leukocytes may be inversely correlated with the risk of several age related diseases. In Indonesia, there has been no specific research to find out the effect of aerobic and anaerobic physical exercise on changes in telomere length of leukocyte and cardiomyocyte.Methods This study was conducted on 24 male white rats Rattus norvegicus 250 300 grams age 11 13 months, randomly allocated into 3 groups 1 control 2 aerobic physical exercise APE and 3 anaerobic physical exercise AnPE . Physical exercise was performed 5 times a week, for 4 and 12 weeks. Measurement of relative telomere length using Real Time PCR.Result Relative leukocyte TL was found significantly longer in 4 and 12 weeks APE group compared to 4 week control p 0,012 and p 0,009 . Relative leukocyte TL was found not significantly different between 4 and 12 weeks AnPE group compared 4 weeks control group p 0,208 and p 0,141 . Cardiomyocyte relative telomere length APE and AnPE are no significantly better compare to control group.Conclusion Leukocyte TL is preserved in group of APE.Keywords Aerobic physical exercise, anaerobic physical exercise, telomere length, leukocyte, cardiomyocyte."

"ABSTRAKPertambahan usia dengan pola hidup sedenter akan meningkatkan radikal bebas yang menyebabkan disfungsi mitokondria dan pemendekan telomer secara progresif. Penelitian terdahulu menyatakan bahwa latihan aerobik intensitas sedang sangat direkomendasikan pada lansia karena mampu memperbaiki kerusakan oksidatif sel yang akan meningkatkan kebugaran serta memperpanjang masa hidup lansia. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji peningkatan kadar telomerase, aktivitas GPx, kadar TBARS dan VO2maks sebagai penanda perbaikan fungsi sel dan sistem kardiorespirasi akibat latihan aerobik intensitas sedang selama 12 minggu pada perempuan lansia.Penelitian community trial control group pre test post test design dengan subjek lansia perempuan sedenter. Total subjek adalah 73 37 orang kelompok perlakuan dan 36 orang kelompok kontrol dipilih secara consecutive. Kemudian diambil subsampel berpasangan untuk pemeriksaan aktivitas GPx dan kadar TBARS. Subjek melakukan latihan aerobik intensitas sedang selama 12 minggu dengan frekuensi 3 kali seminggu, intensitas latihan 50 ndash;85 denyut nadi maksimal, 30 menit per sesi latihan dan jenis latihan berjalan. Pemeriksaan kadar telomerase, kadar NOx plasma dan aktivitas GPx menggunakan metode ELISA. Kadar TBARS menggunakan metode Wills, sedangkan prediksi VO2maks menggunakan uji latih 6 menit. Data diolah menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan/uji Mann Whitney untuk melihat perbedaan rerata, uji Repeated ANOVA/Uji Friedmann untuk melihat perbedaan kemaknaan antar kelompok dan Uji Pearson/Spearman untuk melihat korelasi antar data.Kadar telomerase, prediksi VO2maks dan aktivitas GPx meningkat bermakna p < 0,05 , sedangkan kadar TBARS cenderung terjadi penurunan p < 0,05 pada minggu ke-12 latihan. Penurunan kadar NOx plasma ditemukan lebih kecil pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Kadar telomerase berkorelasi positif dengan prediksi VO2maks dan aktivitas GPx serta berkorelasi negatif dengan TBARS. Pada penelitian ini perbaikan fungsi sel terjadi lebih dahulu melalui peningkatan kadar telomerase yang disertai peningkatan prediksi VO2maks terlihat pada minggu ke-6 latihan, selanjutnya terjadi perbaikan sistem sirkulasi TDS dan DN diikuti peningkatan prediksi VO2maks pada minggu ke-12 latihan menandakan bahwa latihan aerobik intensitas sedang jenis berjalan selama 12 minggu telah cukup mampu memperbaiki fungsi sel maupun sistem kardiorespirasi pada lansia. Kata Kunci: Latihan Aerobik Intensitas Sedang, NOx Plasma, Penuaan, Stres oksidatif, TBARS, Telomer, Telomerase, VO2maks.

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ABSTRACTIncreasing age in elderly with a sedentary lifestyle leads to increasing free radicals. Thus it causes mitochondrial dysfunction and progressive telomere shortening. The previous study suggested that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is highly recommended in the elderly people as it can repair cell oxidative damage. It improves the elderly people rsquo;s fitness and prolongs their life. This study aimed to assess increased telomerase levels, GPx activity, TBARS level and VO2max as a marker of the function of cell and cardiorespiratory system repair due to moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 12 weeks.This study was a community trial control group pre test post test design involved 73 volunter elderly women who are divided in two group: 37 subject experimental group and 36 subject control group. Each subject was selected based on consecutively inclusion and exclusion criteria . Then the paired subsample was taken before conducting a test on GPx activity and TBARS levels. Subjects performed the moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for 12 weeks with frequency three times a week, exercise intensity 50 ndash;85 of maximum pulse rate, 30 minutes per session, and type of walking exercise. Assessment of telomerase levels, plasma NOx levels, and GPx activity used ELISA method. The TBARS levels assessment applied the Wills method and the predicted VO2max using the 6-minute walked test. The data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test or Mann Whitney test to observe the mean difference, repeated ANOVA/Friedmann test to view the significant difference among the groups, and Pearson/Spearman test to find out the data correlation.Telomerase levels, predicted VO2max, GPx activity increased significantly p < 0,05 and TBARS levels tended to decrease at week 12 of exercise. Reduced plasma NOx levels were found to be smaller in the treatment group than in the control group. Telomerase levels positively correlated with predicted VO2max and GPx activity. On the other hand, telomerase levels negatively correlated with TBARS levels. The improvement of the function of cell occurs first through increased telomerase level accompanied by an increase predicted VO2max at week 6 of exercise, subsequent improvement of circulation system SBP and HR followed by an increase predicted VO2maks at weeks 12 of exercise. Moderate intensity aerobic exercise walking has been sufficient to improve the function of cell and cardiorespiratory system in elderly.Keywords: Aging, Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, NOx Plasma, Oxidative stress, TBARS levels, Telomere, Telomerase, VO2max."