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"ABSTRAK1. Gejala Kinis dan kelainan patologi anatomis penderita sindrom nefrotik dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor penyebab dan disebut idiopatik atau primer apabila penyebabnya belum diketahui.Istilah 'lipoid nephrosis' mulai digunakan oleh Munk pada tahun 1913 untuk menjelaskan keadaan sejumlah penderita dengan edema proteinuria berat, hipoproteinemia dan hiperlipidemia. Pemeriksaan mikroskop cahaya pada jaringan ginjal penderita menghasilkan glomerulus tanpa kelainan, namun terlihat kelainan pada tubulus proksimal dengan titik-titik lemak di dalam selnya yang dianggap bersifat 'degeneratif'.Pada observasi selanjutnya ternyata bahwa gejala-gejala yang sama dapat juga terjadi pada penderita dengan berbagai penyakit sistemik termasuk lupus eritematosus sistemik, diabetes mellitus dan amiloidosis. Gejala-gejala klinis ini timbul sebagai akibat adanya proteinuria yang berat apapun penyebabnya, oleh karena itu sebagai pengganti istilah ?liphoid nephrosis' disepakati untuk memakai istilah sindrom nefrotik (Epstein, 1917).Umumnya sindrom nefrotik dibagi atas 2 golongan besar, yaitu yang primer atau idiopatik dan sekunder. Sindrom nefrotik primer penyebabnya belum diketahui dengan pasti, sedangkan yang sekunder ditimbulkan oleh berbagai penyakit utamanya, misalnya diabetes mellitus, malaria lain-lain.Menurut Schlesinger dkk. (1966) frekuensi sindrom nefrotik di negara Barat adalah 2 per tahun per 100.000 orang anak di bawah umur 16 tahun. Sindrom nefrotik Kelainan Minimal (KM) merupakan kelainan terbanyak pada anak, yaitu 76,4% menurut ISKDC (international Study of Kidney Disease in Children, 1978), 52,2% pada sari Habib dan Kleinknecht (1971), dan 64,3% pada seri yang dilaporkan oleh White dkk. (1970).Kasus yang dikumpulkan penulis pada penelitian ini merupakan penderita yang tidak selektif, datang sendiri, belum pernah diobati diterima dari berbagai rumah sakit maupun sejawat di Jakarta. Penderita yang telah diobati sebelumnya tidak dimasukkan ke dalam penelitian ini.Selanjutnya penulis akan membandingkan hasil penelitian sendiri dengan ISKDC oleh karena hasil penelitian badan ini juga mencerminkan penelitian penderita sindrom nefrotik yang prospektif, tidak selektif, belum diobati dan diterima dari berbagai pusat penelitian di dunia (10 negara di Eropa. Amerika Utara, Israel, dan Jepang).Sebelum tahun 1970 di Indonesia belum ada laporan mengenai penderita sindrom nefrotik anak di dalam kepustakaan. Demikian juga mengenai pengobatan terhadap penderita-penderita ini belum mengikuti saran yang dianjurkan oleh ISKDC (1967), sehingga hasilnya tidak dapat dibandingkan atau dinilai dengan hasil laporan dari luar negeri.Selama 10 tahun (1970-1979) pengamatan penulis pada para penderita sindrom nefrotik primer pada anak yang berobat ke Bagian IKA FKUI/RSCM di Jakarta, banyak yang menunjukkan kelainan tidak khas. Banyak di antara mereka disertai gejala hematuria, hipertensi serta kadar ureum darah atau kreatinin serum yang meninggi. Pada sindrom nefrotik murni kelainan-kelainan tersebut umumnya tidak ditemukan. Berdasarkan observasi tersebut di atas penulis beranggapan bahwa kasus-kasus yang ditemukan itu merupakan kasus sindrom nefrotik yang termasuk golongan bukan kelainan minimal (BKM)."

"Buku yang berjudul "Handbook of child and adolescent psychiatry" ini membahas tentang psikologi anak-anak dan remaja. Buku ini terdiri dari 4 volume, yang tiap volumenya membahas topik yang berbeda, namun masih dalam cakupan yang sama. "

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Sindrom Down merupakan penyakit genetik yang dapatmenyebabkan keterlambatan perkembangan motorik, bahasa, kognitif, danpsikososial. Periode perkembangan anak dalam tiga tahun pertama kehidupansangat penting, karena merupakan dasar untuk hasil perkembangan selanjutnya.Sampai saat ini belum dilakukan penelitian yang menghubungkan kemampuanmotorik pasien sindrom Down dengan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya.Mengingat prevalensi anak sindrom Down yang cukup banyak di Indonesia, danbelum didapatkan data tersebut maka penelitian dilakukan pada anaksindrom Downsehingga anaksindrom Down mendapatkan hasil optimal dari program intervensiyang dijalankan Tujuan : Mengetahui karakteristik pertumbuhan dan perkembangan motorik anaksindrom Down serta faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat perkembangan motorik kasaruntuk menentukan kemampuan anak, kebutuhan terapi dan meningkatkan kualitaspelayanan. Metode: Studi potong lintang deskriptif dan analitik selama Agustus sampai September 2015 pada 103 anak sindrom Down usia 6 bulan - 3 tahun di Poli Anakdan Poli Rehabilitasi medic Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Dataorang tua didapat dari autoanamnesis dan pencarian rekam medis, dataantropometrik berupa beratbadan, tinggi badan dan lingkar kepala diplot pada kurvapertumbuhan khusus anak sindromDown, perkembangan motorik kasar dinilaiberdasarkan milestone khusus anak sindrom Down. Hasil penelitian : Sejumlah 103 subjek (56 laki-laki, 47 perempuan) memenuhikriteria inklusi. Median subjek adalah 12 bulan. Jumlah subjek yang mengalamigizi baik dan gizi kurang hampir sama. Mikrosefali dialami oleh sebagian kecilsubjek 10 (9,6%). Anak sindrom Down dengan tipe klasik ditemukan pada sebagianbesar pasien sebanyak 99 (96%) dan tipe translokasi sebanyak 4 (3,9%). Keterlambatan motorik ringan dialami oleh 69,2% subjek, keterlambatan motoriksedang 16,3%, dan keterlambatan motorik ringan 13,5%. Hasil analisis multivariatememperlihatkan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan keterlambatan motorikadalah lingkar kepala (p=0,011; OR 6,852; IK95% 1,565-30,038), riwayat asfiksia(p=0,009; OR 4,033; IK95% 1,427-11,4), dan frekuensi program stimulasi(p=0,006; OR 3,845; IK95% 1,460-10,125). Kesimpulan : Lingkar kepala, riwayat asfiksia, dan frekuensi program stimulasimerupakan faktor risiko keterlambatan perkembangan motorik anak sindromDown.ABSTRACT Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of thefirst three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Untilrecently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilitiesDown Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence ofchild with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted thatcorrelation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so thatthey obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted. Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children withDown Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development whichto determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children withDown Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics andMedical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised bodyweight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growthcurve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments wereassessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes. Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition andmalnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children withclassical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediatemotoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development werehead circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history ofasphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulationprograms (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125). Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency ofstimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of thefirst three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Untilrecently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilitiesDown Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence ofchild with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted thatcorrelation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so thatthey obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted. Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children withDown Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development whichto determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children withDown Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics andMedical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised bodyweight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growthcurve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments wereassessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes. Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition andmalnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children withclassical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediatemotoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development werehead circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history ofasphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulationprograms (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125). Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency ofstimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of thefirst three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Untilrecently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilitiesDown Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence ofchild with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted thatcorrelation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so thatthey obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted. Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children withDown Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development whichto determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children withDown Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics andMedical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised bodyweight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growthcurve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments wereassessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes. Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition andmalnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children withclassical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediatemotoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development werehead circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history ofasphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulationprograms (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125). Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency ofstimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of thefirst three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Untilrecently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilitiesDown Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence ofchild with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted thatcorrelation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so thatthey obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted. Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children withDown Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development whichto determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children withDown Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics andMedical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised bodyweight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growthcurve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments wereassessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes. Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition andmalnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children withclassical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediatemotoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development werehead circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history ofasphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulationprograms (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125). Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency ofstimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. ;Background : Down Syndrome is one of genetics disease that could cause delayed motoric, language, cognitive, and psycho-social development. Development of thefirst three years of life is crucial, because it is a basic for further development. Untilrecently, there are not study which conducted to correlates motoric capabilitiesDown Syndromes patients to factors that interfere its. In Indonesia, prevalence ofchild with Down Syndromes is quite high, there are no data depicted thatcorrelation;hence, this study was conducted in child with Down Syndromes so thatthey obtained optimal outcome from intervention program conducted. Aim: To know characteristics of motoric growth and development in children withDown Syndromes and factors interfere degree of gross motoric development whichto determine children?s capability, needs therapy, and improves quality of service. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to 103 children withDown Syndromes aged 6 months ? 3 years old in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics andMedical Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinics of Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) during August to September 2015. Data were obtained by their parents(auto-anamnesis) and medical records, anthropometric data comprised bodyweight, body height, and head circumference which were plotted to special growthcurve of children with Down Syndromes, gross motoric developments wereassessed by special milestone of children with Down Syndromes. Results : One hundred and three subjects were fulfilled as inclusion criterions.Median subject was twelve months. Amount of subjects with good nutrition andmalnutrition were equal. Subjects with microcephaly were 10 (9.6%). Children withclassical type of Down Syndromes were 99(96%) and translocation type were4(3.9%). Children with mild motoric development were 69.2%, intermediatemotoric development were 16.3%, and severe motoric development were 13.5%.Multivariate analysis showed risk factors correlates to motoric development werehead circumference (p=0,011; OR 6,852; CI 95% 1,565-30,038), history ofasphyxia (p=0,009; OR 4,033; CI 95% 1,427-11,4), and frequency of stimulationprograms (p=0,006; OR 3,845; CI95% 1,460-10,125). Conclusion : Head circumference, history of asphyxia, and frequency ofstimulation programs were risk factors of motoric development in children with Down Syndromes. "

"From the world renowned Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, this book is written for all physicians who treat patients with acute or chronic leukemias or myelodysplasia. It is designed to answer questions about treatment approaches that commonly arise in day-to-day practice. In keeping with the center’s groundbreaking research in bone marrow transplantation, the book provides exceptional coverage of the role of allogeneic transplant in treatment. It also addresses the important issues of supportive care and long-term complications of successful treatment. •Edited and written by experts at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center•Clinically focused and comprehensive coverage of treatment approaches• Allogeneic transplant addressed in detail• Separate chapters on supportive care and long-term complications"

"Pendahuluan. Sindrom koroner akut (SKA) adalah gangguan yang mengancam jiwa yang tetap menjadi sumber morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi meskipun ada kemajuan dalam pengobatan. Hubungan antara asam urat serum dengan penyakit jantung iskemik masih kontroversial dan belum ditetapkan sebagai faktor risiko kardiovaskular. Interaksi kooperatif antara keduanya tidak sepenuhnya dipahami. Beberapa bukti epidemiologis hubungan kausal tersebut masih kontroversial. Sering sekali penelitian dengan kasus yang sama dan menggunakan metode yang sama tetapi hasilnya berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan meta analisis untuk mensintesis hasil-hasil penelitian yang berbeda tersebut agar diperoleh data baru yang bersifat kuantitatif dan lebih akurat. Metode. Protokol penelitian didaftarkan dengan PROSPERO (CRD42020210948) dan telaah sistematis mengikuti pedoman preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), dengan menelusuri studi yang dipublikasikan dalam rentan waktu dari Januari 2010 hingga Mei 2020. Cochrane Library, Ebsco, Medline/PubMed, ProQuest dan Sience Direct adalah sumber dari studi yang dipublikasikan. Meta-analisis dilakukan untuk mensintesis korelasi antara kadar asam urat serum dan keparahan stenosis arteri koroner, menggunakan model efek acak untuk menjelaskan kemungkinan heterogenitas penelitian. Heterogenitas dinilai menggunakan I2, dan meta analisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Comprehensive Meta Analysis Version 3 (CMA3).Hasil. Lima studi (n = 601 pasien) diidentifikasi didapatkan korelasi antara kadar asam urat serum dan skor Gensini (r = 0,548; p <0,001) pada pasien SKA. Bias heterogenitas ditemukan dalam analisis, sedangkan bias publikasi tidak ditemukan.Simpulan. Keparahan stenosis arteri koroner pada pasien dengan SKA berkorelasi positif dengan kadar asam urat serum.

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Introduction. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a life-threatening disease which remains a source of high morbidity and mortality despite advances in treatment. The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) level and ischemic heart disease abides controversial and still has not been established as a cardiovascular risk factor. The cooperative interaction between those two factors is not fully understood. Prior epidemiological evidences of the causal relationship is still argumentative. There were various studies using the same methods yet the outcome were different. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize the results of recent studies in order to obtain data quantitatively and also accurately.

Methods. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020210948) and systematic study follows the guidelines for preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA), tracing studies published in January 2010 to May 2020. Sources of database using Cochrane Library, Ebsco, Medline/PubMed, ProQuest and Science Direct. Meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the associations between SUA level and severity of coronary artery stenosis. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2, and the meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta Analysis Version 3 (CMA3) software.

Results. Five studies (n = 601 patients) identified a correlation between serum uric acid levels and Gensini scores (r = 0.548; p <0.001) in ACS patients. Heterogeneity bias was found in the analysis, whereas publication bias was not found.

Conclusion. The severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with ACS is positively correlated with serum uric acid levels."

"Fenomena utama pada pasien MDS adalah sitopenia di darah tepi, namun disertai kondisi hiperselular di sumsum tulang. sCD40L dianggap sebagai sitokin yang dapat memicu sintesis TNFα sebagai sitokin proapoptosis dan memicu sintesis VEGF sebagai sitokin proangiogenesis pada MDS. Oleh sebab itu sCD40L dianggap berpotensi sebagai biopenanda untuk memperkirakan perburukan pada MDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan peran pajanan rh-sCD40L dalam menginduksi sintesis TNFα dan VEGF pada sel progenitor hematopoesis, serta membuktikan peran pajanan TNFα dalam memicu apoptosis pada sel progenitor hematopoesis dan sel mesenkim MDS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental in vitro komparatif. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien MDS yang didiagnosis dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kriteria WHO 2008. Pada bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) dipajankan dengan rh-sCD40L dan antiCD40L, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan ekspresi mRNA TNFα dan mRNA VEGF yang dikuantifikasi dengan qRT-PCR, serta pemeriksaan kadar TNFα dan VEGF yang diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. Pada sel CD34+, CD33+, CD41+, dan CD73+ dipajankan rhTNFα kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan aktivitas kaspase-3 dengan imunoflowsitometri.Terdapat 15 sampel MDS terdiri dari 4 dengan diagnosis RCUD, 7 RCMD, dan 4 RAEB1, serta 7 sampel kontrol. Pajanan rh-sCD40L meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA TNFα secara bermakna dibandingkan pajanan antiCD40L. Pajanan rh-sCD40L meningkatkan kadar TNFα secara bermakna dibandingkan kontrol. Namun pajanan rh-sCD40L tidak meningkatkan mRNA VEGF dan kadar protein VEGF. Pajanan rhTNFα meningkatkan aktivitas kaspase-3 pada sel progenitor MDS terutama yang berdiferensiasi menjadi mieloid (CD33+) dan megakariosit-trombosit (CD41+). Pajanan rhTNFα meningkatkan aktivitas kaspase-3 pada sel mesenkim (CD73+) MDS Simpulan: sCD40L berperan dalam meningkatkan sintesis sitokin proapoptosis TNFα di level mRNA dan protein, namun tidak terbukti berperan dalam meningkatkan sintesis proangiogenesis VEGF. TNFα berperan dalam meningkatkan apoptosis terutama pada sel hematopoesis yang telah berdiferensiasi menjadi seri mieloid dan seri megakariosit-trombosit, dan berperan dalam meningkatkan apoptosis pada sel mesenkim.

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Cytopenia is the primary phenomenon in Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) patients, amidst hypercellular bone marrow. The soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is considered as a cytokine that can trigger synthesis of TNFα and VEGF. The former is known as a cytokine that promotes apoptosis while the latter promotes angiogenesis in MDS patients. Therefore, the sCD40L may serve as a potential biomarker to predict worsening of MDS. This study aims to prove the role of rh-sCD40L exposure in inducing the synthesis of TNFα and VEGF in hematopoietic progenitor cells, as well as to establish the role of TNFα exposure in triggering apoptotic activity in hematopoietic progenitor and mesenchymal cells of MDS. The study was a comparative in vitro experimental study. Subjects were MDS patients diagnosed and classified using the WHO 2008 criteria. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) were exposed to rh-sCD40L and antiCD40L. The expressions of TNFα and VEGF mRNAs were then quantified by qRT-PCR, and the level of TNFα and VEGF were measured using the ELISA method. The CD34+, CD33+, CD41+, and CD73+ cells were exposed to rhTNFα, then the activity of enzyme caspase-3 was measured using the immunoflowcytometry.There were 7 control and 15 MDS samples with the following diagnoses: 4 RCUD, 7 RCMD, and 4 RAEB1. Compared to antiCD40L, it is found that exposure of rh-sCD40L significantly increased the expression of TNFα mRNA. The similar exposure also significantly increased the level of TNFα compared to controls. However, the exposure of rh-sCD40L did not increase the expression of VEGF mRNA as well as the level of VEGF. The exposure of rhTNFα was found to increase the activity of caspase-3 in MDS progenitor cells, particularly those differentiated into myeloid cells (CD33+) and megakaryocyte-thrombocyte cells (CD41+). The exposure of rhTNFα was found to increase the activity of caspase-3 in MDS mesenchymal (CD73+) cells.Conclusion: The sCD40L plays a role in increasing the synthesis of TNFα which favors apoptotic activity in mRNA and protein level, but not in improving the synthesis of VEGF that promotes angiogenesis. Furthermore, TNFα plays a role in increasing apoptotic activity of hematopoietic cells, particularly those that have differentiated into myeloid series and megakaryocyte-thrombocyte series cells. Also TNFα plays a role in increasing apoptotic activity of mesenchymal cells."

"This textbook provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of the major issues specific to the field of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition. The first part of the book, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, presents in a systematic way the overall scope of issues encountered by children (newborn to teenagers) suffering from disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and/or presenting nutritional issues. These chapters are structured in logical sections to facilitate consultation and include major topics ranging from congenital disorders to gastrointestinal problems of the newborn, infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and approach to nutritional problems in the various pediatric ages. The second part of the book, Hepatology, is articulated in a series of chapters which present a comprehensive review of congenital and acquired disorders of the biliary tract and liver. This section also includes a critical analysis of available diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and future perspectives.  Written by experts in the field, Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition: A Comprehensive Guide to Practice constitutes a much needed, innovative resource combining updated, reliable and comprehensive information with agile consultation for a streamlined approach to the care of children with such disorders."

"The updated second edition of Cutaneous manifestations of infection in the immunocompromised host is an invaluable reference for physicians and ancillary medical professionals involved in the care of patients with impaired immune systems due to cancer, chemotherapy, systemic steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs, HIV/AIDS or organ transplantation. This volume will help you recognize skin lesions and diagnose their infectious cause. Textbook features include, over 350 color images demonstrating pathognomonic, atypical, rare and routine skin lesions. Tables for differential diagnosis of different skin lesions in the immunocompromised host. Complete coverage of infectious pathogens with the patterns of infection and the likely causes in different clinical settings (HIV/AIDS versus solid organ transplantation versus neutropenia post-chemotherapy versus bone marrow recovery post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. New chapter discussing the role of viruses causing malignancies with cutaneous signs in the immunocompromised patient. "

"In Essentials of sleep medicine : an approach for clinical pulmonology, a concise, evidence-based review of sleep medicine for the pulmonologist is presented. Providing a focused, scientific basis for the effects of sleep on human physiology, especially cardiac and respiratory physiology, chapters also outline a differential diagnosis for common sleep complaints and an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management. This includes a review of the current standards of practice and of emerging technology and unresolved issues awaiting further research. Each chapter includes a summary of current research and outlines future research directions and issues. In all, Essentials of sleep medicine : an approach for clinical pulmonology provides a clear diagnostic and management program for all the different sleep disorders, with a major focus on respiratory disorders of sleep, and includes key points and summaries. n-depth review of sleep medicine."