Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
The low-cost Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small battery powered devices called sensors, with limited energy capacity. Once deployed, accessibility to any sensor node for maintenance and battery replacement is not feasible due to the spatial scattering of the nodes. This will lead to an unreliable, limited lifetime and a poor connectivity network. In this paper a novel bio-inspired cluster-based deployment algorithm is proposed for energy optimization of the WSN and ultimately to improve the network lifetime. In the cluster initialization phase, a single cluster is formed with a single cluster head at the center of the sensing terrain. The second phase is for optimum cluster formation surrounding the inner cluster, based on swarming bees and a piping technique. Each cluster member distributes its data to its corresponding cluster head and the cluster head communicates with the base station, which reduces the communication distance of each node. The simulation results show that, when compared with other clustering algorithms, the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the number of clusters by 38% and improve the network lifetime by a factor of 1/4.

Abstrak :
The low-cost Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small battery powered devices called sensors, with limited energy capacity. Once deployed, accessibility to any sensor node for maintenance and battery replacement is not feasible due to the spatial scattering of the nodes. This will lead to an unreliable, limited lifetime and a poor connectivity network. In this paper a novel bio-inspired cluster-based deployment algorithm is proposed for energy optimization of the WSN and ultimately to improve the network lifetime. In the cluster initialization phase, a single cluster is formed with a single cluster head at the center of the sensing terrain. The second phase is for optimum cluster formation surrounding the inner cluster, based on swarming bees and a piping technique. Each cluster member distributes its data to its corresponding cluster head and the cluster head communicates with the base station, which reduces the communication distance of each node. The simulation results show that, when compared with other clustering algorithms, the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the number of clusters by 38% and improve the network lifetime by a factor of 1/4.

Abstrak :
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memahami seberapa efektifkah strategi Far Enemy yang diterapkan Al Qaeda dan Jaringannya melawan Amerika Serikat, NATO dan Sekutunya dalam Perang Asimetrik di Afghanistan dan Irak antara 2001-2011. Juga ingin menjelaskan fungsi strategi Perang Gerilyawan Kota dan taktik Swarming dalam penerapan strategi Far Enemy tersebut. Akhirnya, akan dibuktikan apakah dalam terorisme abad modern, kuatnya jaringan kelompok sempalan dan sel teroris, yang didukung penguasaan teknologi informasi, adalah syarat mutlak dalam menerapkan strategi Far Enemy. Tesis ini memakai metode kwalitatif dengan pembahasan persoalan secara deskriptif analisis. Dilakukan dengan meneliti studi kepustakaan, menganalisa bacaan dalam pengumpulan data dan membandingkan pendapat pro dan kontra dengan hipotesa yang dipilih. Keberhasilan Al Qaeda menerapkan dengan jitu teori perang Sun Tzu, yakni memperlemah kekuatan ekonomi lawan dengan memperpanjang perang, bersumber pada penguasaan terhadap budaya politik Afghanistan, dan sokongan kuat kelompok pemberontak Taliban dan suku Pashtun berdasarkan Pashtunwali Code (Hukum Pashtunwali). ...... The focus of this study is to understand the effectiveness of the Far Enemy strategy to Al Qaeda and its network in the asimetric war against United States, NATO and allies in Afghanistan and Irak, 2001-2011. It will also explain the choice of Urban Guerrilla Warfare and its Swarming tactic by Al Qaeda. In the end, we can come to the assumption of the importance of information technology and political culture dominance by a strong network to apply the Far Enemy strategy in modern terrorism. This research used qualitative methods with analytical descriptive analysis. Referring to the Art of War theory by Sun Tzu, Al Qaeda has shown its capability of prolonging the war in Afghanistan and Irak, to weaken its opponents economy and human resources. Such dominance over the conflict owes much to the Pashtunwali Code, which is honored by the Taliban and Pashtun tribe.