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Abstrak :
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPION) adalah partikel yang terbuat dari kristal besi oksida yang memiliki ukuran dalam skala nanometer. Dengan memiliki sifat magnetis dan ukuran yang kecil membuat SPION banyak digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi medis, seperti sebagai agen diagnosis pada MRI dan agen penghantar obat. Metode kopresipitasi merupakan metode sintesis SPION yang paling banyak digunakan karena memiliki prosedur yang sederhana, ekonomis, dan efisien. Namun, karakteristik SPION yang dihasilkan sulit diatur, khususnya distribusi ukuran partikel. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan mengatur kondisi sintesis serta melakukan optimasi terlebih dahulu sebelum membuat SPION dalam skala besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kondisi sintesis SPION yang optimal menggunakan metode kopresipitasi serta mengetahui karakteristik SPION yang dihasilkan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan optimasi suhu pemanasan tambahan dan durasi pengadukan pada proses pembuatan SPION menggunakan metode kopresipitasi. Hasil SPION dikarakterisasi menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) untuk memperoleh data ukuran partikel, distribusi ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, potensial zeta, morfologi, dan kristalinitas. SPION optimal diperoleh menggunakan metode kopresipitasi dengan penambahan pemanasan dengan suhu 120°C dan durasi pengadukan selama 45 menit. SPION optimal memiliki ukuran hidrodinamis partikel 230,5 ± 19,09 nm, ukuran partikel 128,601 ± 30,76 nm, dengan inti kristal berukuran 12,36 nm, PDI 0,807 ± 0,01, dan potensial zeta -23,9 ± 0,14. ......Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are nanometer-sized particles made of iron oxide crystals. Due to their magnetic properties and small size, SPIONs are widely used for various medical applications, such as diagnostic agents in MRI and drug delivery agents. The coprecipitation method is the most widely used SPIONs synthesis method because it has a simple, economical, and efficient procedure. However, the characteristics of the resulting SPIONs are difficult to regulate, especially the particle size distribution. This can be overcome by setting the synthesis conditions and optimizing them before producing SPIONs on a large scale. This study aims to obtain optimal SPIONs synthesis conditions using the coprecipitation method and to determine the characteristics of the resulting SPIONs. In this research, optimization of additional heating temperature and stirring duration was carried out in the process of making SPIONs using the coprecipitation method. SPIONs were characterized using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to obtain data on particle size, particle size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, and crystallinity. Optimal SPIONs were obtained using the coprecipitation method with addition of heating at a temperature of 120°C and a stirring duration of 45 minutes. The optimal SPIONs have a hydrodynamic particle size of 230.5 ± 19.09 nm, particle size of 128,601 ± 30,76 nm, with a crystal core measuring 12.36 nm, PDI 0,807 ± 0.01, and a zeta potential of -23.9 ± 0.14.

Abstrak :
Doksorubisin (DOX) merupakan agen kemoterapi antrasiklin yang bekerja dengan memperlambat atau menghentikan pertumbuhan sel kanker. Namun, penggunaan DOX memiliki efek toksik pada sel normal serta efek samping kardiotoksisitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat sistem penghantaran DOX dengan SPION-PAMAM-HA, mengkarakterisasi, dan mengevaluasi konjugat superparamagnetic iron oxyde nanoparticle-poliamidoamin G4-asam hialuronat-doksorubisin (SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX). Hasil karakterisasi SPION-TC menunjukkan kristal magnetit dengan ukuran 2,79 nm. Konjugat SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX menunjukkan diameter rata-rata 292,57 ± 4,86 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,216 ± 0,002 nm, dan nilai zeta potensial -53,37 ± 3,68 mV. Studi pelepasan pada 10 jam dapat terlihat bahwa sebanyak 99% doksorubisin dilepaskan di lingkungan pH 5, sementara kurang dari 10% doksorubisin dilepaskan di lingkungan pH 7,4. Uji sitoksisitas menunjukkan konjugat SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX memiliki efek toksik pada sel HeLa dan sel Vero dengan IC50 2,54 ± 0,27 µM pada sel HeLa dan CC50 2,18 ± 0,019 µM pada sel Vero serta memiliki nilai SI SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX lebih besar dibandingkan SI DOX yang menandakan bahwa konjugat SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX masih aman digunakan dan masih memiliki efek anti kanker. ......Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline chemotherapy agent that works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. However, DOX has a toxic effect on normal cells as well as a side effect of cardiotoxicity. This study aims to develop a DOX delivery system with SPION-PAMAM-HA, characterize, and evaluate of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-polyamidoamine G4-hyaluronic aciddoxorubicin (SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX). Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) could be used as diagnostic agent, polyamidoamine G4 (PAMAM) was used as carrier and hyaluronic acid (HA) was used as active targeting moiety. SPION were prepared by co-precipitation method, then SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX were produced by conjugation of SPION with PAMAM-HA and DOX. SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX were characterized by particle size analyzer (PSA), UV-Vis spectrophotometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence spectrophotometry, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The release study was conducted by using pH 5 and pH 7.4. Cytotoxicity study was conducted on HeLa cells and Vero cells by using MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The characterization results of SPION-TC showed magnetite crystals with a size of 2.79 nm. The mean particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of SPION-PAMAM-HADOX were 57 ± 4.86 nm, 0.216 ± 0.002 nm, and -53.37 ± 3.68 mV. The release study at 10 hours showed that 99% of DOX was released in pH 5, while less than 10% DOX was released in pH 7.4. The cytotoxicity study showed that SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX has toxicity effect on HeLa cells and Vero cells with IC50 2,54 ± 0,27 µM on HeLa cells, CC50 2,18 ± 0,019 µM on Vero cells sel Vero, and SI value of SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX greater than SI DOX which indicates that SPION-PAMAM-HA-DOX conjugate is still safe to use and has anti-cancer effects