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"Proses magmatisme berkaitan dengan jalur tektonik ring of fire, yang menyebabkan proses mineralisasi hidrotermal sehingga membentuk potensi sumber daya mineral di Indonesia. Salah satu endapan hidrotermal yaitu endapan epitermal sulfidasi rendah yang berada di Lapangan “RD”, Cibaliung. Struktur patahan menjadi pengontrol sistem epithermal sulfidasi rendah sebagai tempat terendapkannya mineral emas. Integrasi data geologi dengan geofisika diperlukan dalam menentukan struktur pengontrol dan zona potensi mineralisasi. Mineral bijih sulfida dapat dibedakan dari sifat kemagnetan dan kelistrikan dikarenakan mineral logam memiliki respon suseptibilitas, resistivitas dan chargeabilitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mineral non-logam. Zona potensi mineralisasi emas sulfidasi rendah berada pada zona struktur yang didominasi alterasi argilik dan kaya akan mineral sulfida pada alterasi argilik ilitik dengan nilai suseptibilitas menengah hingga tinggi kisaran -83.7 nT – 92.3 nT, resistivitas dengan nilai rendah hingga menengah 0 – 25 ohm.m dan chargeabilitas dengan nilai menengah hingga tinggi 15 - >75 msec. Dari ketiga parameter tersebut, diduga zona mineralisasi berada pada zona struktur patahan berorientasi Baratlaut-Tenggara. Struktur pengontrol zona potensi mineralisasi tersebut berada di lintasan 3 yaitu patahan D dip 62° ke arah NE dan patahan E dip 83° ke arah NE. Lintasan 4 yaitu patahan D dip 79° ke arah NE, patahan E dip 77° ke arah NE dan patahan F dip 73° ke arah NE. Lintasan 7 yaitu patahan D dip 80° ke arah SW dan patahan E dip 75° ke arah NE. Lintasan 8 yaitu patahan D dip 84° ke arah NE dan patahan E dip 66° ke arah NE. Lintasan 9 yaitu patahan A dip 70° ke arah SW dan patahan B dip 81° ke arah NE.

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The magmatism process is related to the Ring of Fire tectonic pathway, which causes a hydrothermal mineralization process to form potential mineral resources in Indonesia. One of the hydrothermal deposits is an epithermal low-sulfidation deposit in the "RD" Field, Cibaliung. The fault structure controls the epithermal low-sulfidation system as a place for gold mineral deposition. Integration of geological data with geophysical data is required in determining the controlling structure and potential mineralization zone. Sulfide ore minerals can be distinguished from their magnetic and electrical properties because metal minerals have a higher susceptibility, resistivity and chargeability response compared to non-metallic minerals. The potential zone of low sulfidation gold mineralization is located in the structure zone which is dominated by argillic alteration and rich in sulphide minerals in Illitic argillic alteration has medium to high susceptibility values ranging from -83.7 nT - 92.3 nT, resistivity with low to medium values 0 - 25 ohm.m and chargeability with medium to high values of 15 -> 75 msec. From those three parameters, it is assumed that the mineralization zone is located in the NW-SE oriented fault structure zone. The controlling structure for the zone of mineralization potential is in line 3 is fault D with dip 62° to the NE and the E fault with dip 83° to the NE. Line 4 is fault D with dip 79° to the NE, fault E with dip 77° to the NE and fault F with dip 73° to the NE. Line 7, is fault D with dip 80 ° to the SW and the E fault dip 75° to the NE. Line 8 is fault D with dip 84° to the NE and fault E with dip 66 ° to the NE. Line 9 is fault A with dip 70° SW and fault B with dip 81° to NE."

"Studi geologi dan geokimia tanah dilakukan untuk menentukan potensi dan prospek mineralisasi bijih di Daerah “X”, Sulawesi Utara sebagai salah satu daerah yang berpotensial mengandung mineralisasi logam ekonomis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan data geologi dan data pemercontohan tanah (oil sampling) oleh PSDMBP yang masih perlu diolah secara geostatistik. Studi geologi dilakukan melalui integrasi terhadap data sekunder dari PSDMBP dengan analisis geomorfologi, kelurusan, dan petrografi untuk menentukan kondisi geomorfologi, litologi, struktur, zona alterasi, serta kelurusan urat kuarsa. Analisis geostatistik dilakukan dengan analisis univariat dan multivariat untuk menentukan persebaran anomali unsur dan asosiasi antar unsur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daerah penelitian memiliki satuan geomorfologi berupa satuan perbukitan tinggi vulkanik berlereng curam dan satuan perbukitan vulkanik berlereng agak curam-curam. Litologinya terdiri atas satuan dasit, satuan andesit, satuan tuff, dan satuan batupasir dengan struktur geologi berupa pola kelurusan dengan orientasi barat laut – tenggara. Zona alterasi pada daerah penelitian meliputi zona alterasi argilik (fasies kaolinit + kuarsa + ilit + ilit-smektit) dan zona alterasi propilitik (fasies klorit + illite-smektit + kalsit + epidot). Terdapat tiga jalur urat kuarsa berorientasi barat daya – timur) laut yang teridentifikasi pada daerah penelitian, yaitu Urat Kuarsa X (bagian tenggara), Urat Kuarsa Y (bagian barat), dan Urat Kuarsa Z (bagian barat laut). Hasil analisis statistik terhadap empat unsur yang dapat diteliti (Cu, Au, Sb, Hg) menunjukkan masing-masing nilai ambang sebesar 72.44 ppm, 16 ppb, 3.39 ppm, dan 551.72 ppb. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya satu asosiasi unsur pada daerah penelitian, yaitu Au-Sb-Hg. Persebaran anomali unsur logam bijih kemudian diketahui secara umum memiliki pengayaan disekitar urat kuarsa dan mengalami proses dispersi pada unsur Cu, Sb, dan Hg. Potensi mineralisasi bijih pada daerah penelitian berasal dari sistem endapan epitermal sulfidasi rendah dengan prospek mineralisasi sebagian besar berada pada ketiga jalur urat kuarsa dan bagian timur laut serta selatan daerah penelitian. Prospek bagian timur laut dan selatan diindikasikan sebagai kehadiran urat kuarsa di bawah permukaan yang tertutup oleh tanah dan tidak terpetakan.

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Soil geology and geochemical studies were carried out to determine the potential and prospects for ore mineralization in “X” area, North Sulawesi as one of the areas with the potential for economic metal mineralization. The research was conducted by integrating geological and soil sampling data by PSDMBP which still needed to be processed geostatistically. Geological studies was conducted through integration of secondary data from PSDMBP with geomorphological, lineaments and petrographic analyzes to determine geomorphological conditions, lithology, structure, alteration zones, and alignment of quartz veins. Geostatistic analysis was carried out using univariate and multivariate analysis to determine the distribution of elemental anomalies and associations between elements. The results showed that the study area has geomorphological units of high volcanic hill units with steep slopes and volcanic hill units with rather steep slopes. The lithology consists of dacite, andesite, tuff, and sandstone with geological structure from lineament analysis shows a northwest-southeast orientation. The alteration zones in the study area include argillic alteration zones (kaolinite + quartz + illite + illite-smectite facies) and propylitic alteration zones (chlorite + illite-smectite + calcite + epidote facies). There are three southwest-northeast oriented quartz veins identified in the study area, namely the X Quartz Vein (southeast), Y Quartz Vein (western part), and Z Quartz Vein (northwestern part). The results of the statistical analysis of the four elements that can be studied (Cu, Au, Sb, Hg) show that each threshold value is 72.44 ppm, 16 ppb, 3.39 ppm and 551.72 ppb. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there were one elemental associations in the study area, namely Au-Sb-Hg. The distribution of anomalous metal ore elements is then known to generally have enrichment around quartz veins and undergo a dispersion process in Cu, Sb, and Hg elements. The potential for ore mineralization in the study area originates from a low sulfidation epithermal deposit system with the prospect of mineralization being mostly in the third lane of the quartz vein and the northeastern and southern parts of the study area. The prospects for the northeast and south are indicated by the presence of subsurface quartz veins that are covered by soil and are not mapped."

"Indonesia terletak pada pertemuan tiga lempeng yang menyebabkan munculnya jajaran busur magmatik. Pada jajaran busur magmatik terjadi pengendapan mineral emas. Endapan emas yang berada di Indonesia didominasi dengan endapan epithermal sulfidasi rendah. Untuk menemukan cadangan dan potensi endapan mineralisasi emas dibutuhkan analisis untuk mengetahui lokasi dan bentuk geometri dari zona endapan mineralisasi emas. Metode geofisika merupakan metode yang dapat menganalisisi zona endapan mineralisasi emas. Metode geofisika yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode resistivity dan induced polarization dengan konfigurasi dipole-dipole. Metode resistivity digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis batuan yang berada diwilayah penelitian. Sedangkan metode induced polarization digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi lokasi dan volume zona pengendapan mineralisasi emas. Jumlah lintasan yang digunakan sebanyak 3 lintasan dengan masing masing lintasan memiliki panjang 405 m dengan 81 elektoda. Hasil data pengukuran metode resistivity dan induced polarization diinversi menggunakan software res2dinv dan dilakukan least square inversion untuk memperoleh penampang 2D. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukan variasi resistivity berkisar 4,5419-2787,6 Ωm dan induced polarization berkisar 36,720-833,92 msec. Berdasarkan korelasi penampang 2D dan peta geologi ditemukan bahwa sebaran jenis batuan wilayah penelitian adalah breksi tuff dengan kisaran nilai resistivity 70,557-1313,7Ωm dan andesit dengan kisaran nilai 595,8-1313,7 Ωm. Zona mineralisasi emas dengan nilai induced polarization ≥200 msec. Berdasarkan korelasi penampang 2D resistivity dan induced polarization ditemukan bahwa pengendapan mineralisasi emas berada pada breksi tuff dan andesit. Dari penampang 2D dilakukan pemodelan 3D untuk mengetahui estimasi volume zona mineralisasi emas software. Ditemukan hasil volume zona mineralisasi emas sebesar 289.452,6103 .

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Indonesia is situated at the confluence of three tectonic plates, which gives rise to the emergence of a magmatic arc range. In the magmatic arc sequence, gold mineral deposition occurs. Gold deposits in Indonesia are dominated by low sulphidation epithermal deposits. In order to identify reserves and potential gold mineralization deposits, it is necessary to conduct an analysis to determine the location and geometry of the gold mineralization deposit zone. Geophysical methods are a type of analysis that can be used to analyse gold mineralization deposit zones. The geophysical methods employed in this research include resistivity and induced polarization methods with a dipole-dipole configuration. The resistivity method is utilized to identify the type of rock present in the research area, while the induced polarization method is employed to ascertain the location and volume of gold mineralization deposition zones. The number of tracks utilized was three, with each track measuring 405 m and comprising 81 electrodes. The measurement data obtained from the resistivity and induced polarization methods were inverted using the res2dinv software, and least square inversion was performed to obtain two-dimensional cross sections. The results of data processing indicate that the resistivity variation ranges from 4.5419 to 2787.6 Ωm, while the induced polarization ranges from 36.720 to 833.92 msec. Correlation of the 2D cross sections with geological maps revealed that the rock types present in the study area are tuff breccia and andesite, with resistivity values ranging from 70.557 to 1313.7 Ωm. Gold mineralization zones with induced polarization values ≥200 msec. Based on the correlation of 2D resistivity and induced polarization cross sections, it was determined that gold mineralization deposition occurred in tuff breccia and andesite. From the 2D cross section, 3D modelling was conducted to estimate the volume of the gold mineralization zone. The volume of the gold mineralization zone was determined to be 289,452.6103 m3."