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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Sektor perikanan merupakan salah satu konsumen pengguna dalam kebijakan BBM Subsidi dengan titik serah di Penyalur. Masalah yang muncul pada sektor perikanan adalah harga aktual yang diterima diatas harga ketetapan Pemerintah karena kurangnya Penyalur BBM serta kendala-kendala lain. Selain itu, terdapat banyak lembaga yang terkait dalam kebijakan BBM Subsidi sektor perikanan. Metode Interpretive Structural Modeling digunakan untuk menghasilkan model struktur kelembagaan untuk pengambilan keputusan dalam rangka kebijakan BBM Subsidi sektor perikanan serta menghasilkan kendala yang menjadi faktor utama dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan BBM Subsidi sektor perikanan melalui sejumlah wawancara dan kuesioner dengan melibatkan 5 orang ekspert yang menjadi narasumber. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model struktur kelembagaan dengan 7 lembaga yang menjadi faktor utama dalam penyusunan serta pelaksanaan kebijakan BBM Subsidi sektor perikanan. Terdapat 3 kendala yang menjadi faktor utama dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan BBM Subsidi pada sektor perikanan yaitu Kebijakan satu harga, pengaturan dan perijinan serta Sebaran Penyalur BBM khususnya sektor perikanan.

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ABSTRACT
The fisheries sector is one of consumer users in the fuel subsidy policy with custody transfer point in the Fuel Retail Station. The problem that arises in the fisheries sector is the actual price received by fisherman above the price that has been set by the Government due to lack of fuel Retail Station for fishery and other constraints. In addition, there are many institution involved in the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector. Interpretive Structural Modeling method is used to produce a model of the institutional structures for decision-making in the framework of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector and determine the priority constraints in the implementation of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector trough structured interview and questionaire with 5 expert. This research resulted in structural model of institutions with 7 institutions is a major factor in the preparation and implementation of fuel subsidy policy for fisheries sector. There are three obstacles that a major factor in the implementation of the policy of fuel subsidies in the fisheries sector, namely one price policy, regulation and licensing and also distribution of fuel retail station, especially for fisheries sector;The fisheries sector is one of consumer users in the fuel subsidy policy with custody transfer point in the Fuel Retail Station. The problem that arises in the fisheries sector is the actual price received by fisherman above the price that has been set by the Government due to lack of fuel Retail Station for fishery and other constraints. In addition, there are many institution involved in the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector. Interpretive Structural Modeling method is used to produce a model of the institutional structures for decision-making in the framework of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector and determine the priority constraints in the implementation of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector trough structured interview and questionaire with 5 expert. This research resulted in structural model of institutions with 7 institutions is a major factor in the preparation and implementation of fuel subsidy policy for fisheries sector. There are three obstacles that a major factor in the implementation of the policy of fuel subsidies in the fisheries sector, namely one price policy, regulation and licensing and also distribution of fuel retail station, especially for fisheries sector;The fisheries sector is one of consumer users in the fuel subsidy policy with custody transfer point in the Fuel Retail Station. The problem that arises in the fisheries sector is the actual price received by fisherman above the price that has been set by the Government due to lack of fuel Retail Station for fishery and other constraints. In addition, there are many institution involved in the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector. Interpretive Structural Modeling method is used to produce a model of the institutional structures for decision-making in the framework of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector and determine the priority constraints in the implementation of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector trough structured interview and questionaire with 5 expert. This research resulted in structural model of institutions with 7 institutions is a major factor in the preparation and implementation of fuel subsidy policy for fisheries sector. There are three obstacles that a major factor in the implementation of the policy of fuel subsidies in the fisheries sector, namely one price policy, regulation and licensing and also distribution of fuel retail station, especially for fisheries sector;The fisheries sector is one of consumer users in the fuel subsidy policy with custody transfer point in the Fuel Retail Station. The problem that arises in the fisheries sector is the actual price received by fisherman above the price that has been set by the Government due to lack of fuel Retail Station for fishery and other constraints. In addition, there are many institution involved in the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector. Interpretive Structural Modeling method is used to produce a model of the institutional structures for decision-making in the framework of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector and determine the priority constraints in the implementation of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector trough structured interview and questionaire with 5 expert. This research resulted in structural model of institutions with 7 institutions is a major factor in the preparation and implementation of fuel subsidy policy for fisheries sector. There are three obstacles that a major factor in the implementation of the policy of fuel subsidies in the fisheries sector, namely one price policy, regulation and licensing and also distribution of fuel retail station, especially for fisheries sector;The fisheries sector is one of consumer users in the fuel subsidy policy with custody transfer point in the Fuel Retail Station. The problem that arises in the fisheries sector is the actual price received by fisherman above the price that has been set by the Government due to lack of fuel Retail Station for fishery and other constraints. In addition, there are many institution involved in the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector. Interpretive Structural Modeling method is used to produce a model of the institutional structures for decision-making in the framework of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector and determine the priority constraints in the implementation of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector trough structured interview and questionaire with 5 expert. This research resulted in structural model of institutions with 7 institutions is a major factor in the preparation and implementation of fuel subsidy policy for fisheries sector. There are three obstacles that a major factor in the implementation of the policy of fuel subsidies in the fisheries sector, namely one price policy, regulation and licensing and also distribution of fuel retail station, especially for fisheries sector, The fisheries sector is one of consumer users in the fuel subsidy policy with custody transfer point in the Fuel Retail Station. The problem that arises in the fisheries sector is the actual price received by fisherman above the price that has been set by the Government due to lack of fuel Retail Station for fishery and other constraints. In addition, there are many institution involved in the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector. Interpretive Structural Modeling method is used to produce a model of the institutional structures for decision-making in the framework of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector and determine the priority constraints in the implementation of the fuel subsidy policy of the fisheries sector trough structured interview and questionaire with 5 expert. This research resulted in structural model of institutions with 7 institutions is a major factor in the preparation and implementation of fuel subsidy policy for fisheries sector. There are three obstacles that a major factor in the implementation of the policy of fuel subsidies in the fisheries sector, namely one price policy, regulation and licensing and also distribution of fuel retail station, especially for fisheries sector]

Abstrak :
Indonesia merupakan negara dengan iklim tropis dan memiliki puluhan ribu pulau. Salah satu tantangannya adalah negara kepulauan umumnya memiliki sumber daya lokal yang terbatas dan biaya impor energi yang tinggi. Teknologi energi terbarukan di sebagian besar pulau seringkali tidak beroperasi dan tidak berlanjut karena banyaknya masalah yang terlibat, salah satunya adalah ketidakjelasan pengelolaan dan aset dari pembangkit listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan energi terbarukan dalam memasok listrik kepada masyarakat dalam jangka panjang dan akan memaparkan keterkaitan antara kesejahteraan masyarakat dengan hadirnya teknologi energi terbarukan. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam dan kuesioner dengan skala likert. Penelitian dilakukan di dua pulau, yakni pulau Mecan dan pulau Sabira. Data yang diperoleh disimulasikan dalam bentuk System Dynamics, salah satu langkah dari systems thinking, dengan menggunakan alat bantu Powersim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PLTS mampu dikelola sepenuhnya oleh masyarakat sampai dengan keberlanjutan biaya Operation & Maintenance dari pembangkit, meskipun biaya replacement cost dari powerplant tetap dibutuhkan bantuan dari pemerintah dan kementerian. Sedangkan hasil di pulau Sabira, meskipun pembangkit listrik masih beroperasi, insentif dan subsidi pemerintah menjadi ketergantungan yang kuat bagi masyarakat agar ketersediaan listrik selalu terjaga. ......Indonesia is a country with a tropical climate and has tens of thousands of islands. One of the challenges is that archipelagic countries generally have limited local resources and high energy import costs. Renewable energy technologies in most islands are often not running and are unsustainable due to the many problems involved, one of which is the lack of information on management and generating assets. This research aims to explain what factors affect the sustainability of renewable energy in supplying electricity to the community in the long term and will present the interrelation between the local people’s welfare and the presence of renewable energy technology. The method used is an in-depth interview and questionnaire with a Likert scale. The research was conducted on two islands, namely Mecan Island and Sabira Island. The data obtained is simulated in the form of System Dynamics, one of the methods of systems thinking, by using the Powersim software tools. The results show that the Solar Power Plant can be fully managed by the local community and is also related to the Operation & Maintenance costs of the power plant, although the replacement cost of the power plant still requires assistance from the government and the ministry. While the results on Sabira Island, although the power plant is still operating, government incentives and subsidies become a heavy dependence for the people, so that the availability of electricity access is always maintained.

Abstrak :
Subsidi energi dipandang sebagai instrumen kesejahteraan untuk meringankan beban pengeluaran masyarakat miskin dan rentan. Karena itu, investasi pemerintah untuk subsidi energi sangat besar. Namun demikian, subsidi ini justru lebih menguntungkan kelompok mampu, tidak tepat sasaran, bersifat regresif dan menghabiskan anggaran pemerintah yang sangat besar. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tambahan analisis deskriptif terhadap agregasi data statistik mikro yang bersumber dari DTKS dan Susenas, serta menggunakan kombinasi teori multidisiplin untuk analisis, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan subsidi energi berbasis rumah tangga saat ini belum mampu menjadi instrumen kesejahteraan. Kelompok masyarakat miskin dan rentan dalam jumlah yang sangat besar tidak menikmati subsidi, bahkan tidak mendapatkan akses terhadap energi sama sekali. Kelompok tersebut termasuk perempuan kepala keluarga, penyandang disabilitas, dan lansia. Dampak negatif lainnya adalah ketergantungan terhadap energi fosil yang diimpor, menciptakan praktik kriminalitas penimbunan dan pengoplosan, serta mengurangi insentif bagi pengembangan energi terbarukan di Indonesia. Perubahan paradigma kebijakan dari subsidi barang menjadi subsidi energi bersasaran langsung kepada rumah tangga diperlukan untuk memperbaiki kondisi tersebut. Perubahan ini mampu mendorong kebijakan yang lebih efektif dan inklusif, membantu mengurangi beban perempuan, mengurangi kemiskinan dan ketimpangan serta mendorong pengembangan energi terbarukan di tingkat lokal. Namun, perubahan ini harus dibarengi dengan kemampuan dalam menentukan kelompok sasaran dan dukungan elit politik pada tingkat tertinggi. ......Energy subsidies are regarded as a welfare instrument aimed at alleviating the financial burden of poor and vulnerable communities. Consequently, the government's investment in energy subsidies is substantial. Nevertheless, these subsidies tend to benefit affluent groups disproportionately, miss their intended targets, display regressive characteristics, and consume a significant portion of the government budget. This research employs qualitative methods in conjunction with descriptive analysis of aggregated micro-level statistical data sourced from DTKS and Susenas. It utilizes a multidisciplinary theoretical framework for analysis. The findings of this study conclude that the current household-based energy subsidy policy falls short of an effective welfare instrument. A considerable number of the poor and vulnerable populations do not benefit from these subsidies and may lack access to energy altogether. These marginalized groups encompass female-headed households, individuals with disabilities, and the elderly. Other adverse consequences encompass a dependence on imported fossil fuels, the fostering of criminal practices such as hoarding and adulteration, and the reduction of incentives for the development of renewable energy in Indonesia. A paradigm shift in policy, transitioning from subsidizing goods to directly targeting household-based energy subsidies, is imperative to rectify this situation. Such a change can promote more effective and inclusive policies, reduce the burden on women, mitigate poverty and inequality, and stimulate the development of local-level renewable energy initiatives. However, this transition must be accompanied by the ability to identify target groups and secure political elite support at the highest level.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Indonesia terletak di wilayah geografis yang rentan terhadap perubahan iklim. Meskipun intensitas energinya terus menurun, namun konsumsi energi dan emisi karbon terus meningkat. Sehingga diduga terdapat fenomena rebound effect. Studi ini menggunakan model keseimbangan umum (CGE) untuk menganalisis fenomena rebound effect di Indonesia, serta dampak pengurangan subsidi energi dan pengurangan pajak pendapatan terhadap rebound effect dan perekonomian. Hasil simulasi menjunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia terdapat fenomena rebound effect, dimana pengurangan subsidi energi dapat menurunkan rebound effect secara efektif, serta berdampak positif terhadap perekonomian. Meskipun dapat menurunkan rebound effect, penerapan pengurangan pajak penghasilan berdampak negatif bagi perekonomian.;

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ABSTRACT
Indonesia is located in the geographic areas that are vulnerable to global climate change. Despite the energy intensity is declining, the energy consumption and carbon emissions continue to increase. So the existance of rebound effect phenomenon is suspected. This study uses a general equilibrium model (CGE) to analyze rebound effect phenomenon in Indonesia, and also to analyze the impact of energy subsidy reduction and income tax reduction to the rebound effect and the economy. The simulation results shows that the rebound effect phenomenon is exist in Indonesia, in which the reduction of the energy subsidies can reduce the rebound effect effectively, and it has a positive impact to the economy. Although it may reduce the rebound effect, the implementation of the income tax reduction has negative impact to the economy., IIndonesia is located in the geographic areas that are vulnerable to global climate change. Despite the energy intensity is declining, the energy consumption and carbon emissions continue to increase. So the existance of rebound effect phenomenon is suspected. This study uses a general equilibrium model (CGE) to analyze rebound effect phenomenon in Indonesia, and also to analyze the impact of energy subsidy reduction and income tax reduction to the rebound effect and the economy. The simulation results shows that the rebound effect phenomenon is exist in Indonesia, in which the reduction of the energy subsidies can reduce the rebound effect effectively, and it has a positive impact to the economy. Although it may reduce the rebound effect, the implementation of the income tax reduction has negative impact to the economy.]