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Abstrak :
This book combines a model reduction technique with an efficient parametrization scheme for the purpose of solving a class of complex and computationally expensive simulation-based problems involving finite element models. These problems, which have a wide range of important applications in several engineering fields, include reliability analysis, structural dynamic simulation, sensitivity analysis, reliability-based design optimization, Bayesian model validation, uncertainty quantification and propagation, etc. The solution of this type of problems requires a large number of dynamic re-analyses. To cope with this difficulty, a model reduction technique known as substructure coupling for dynamic analysis is considered. While the use of reduced order models alleviates part of the computational effort, their repetitive generation during the simulation processes can be computational expensive due to the substantial computational overhead that arises at the substructure level. In this regard, an efficient finite element model parametrization scheme is considered. When the division of the structural model is guided by such a parametrization scheme, the generation of a small number of reduced order models is sufficient to run the large number of dynamic re-analyses. Thus, a drastic reduction in computational effort is achieved without compromising the accuracy of the results. The capabilities of the developed procedures are demonstrated in a number of simulation-based problems involving uncertainty.

Abstrak :
Bangunan tembokan nir-rekayasa tanpa tulangan (URM) umumnya lemah terhadap gempa dan sangat berbahaya untuk keselamatan manusia, meskipun gempa yang terjadi relatif kecil. Namun jenis konstruksi ini akan sangat sulit untuk digantikan, khususnya di negara- negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Hal tersebut dikarenakan bangunan tembokan nir- rekayasa relatif murah dan mudah untuk dibangun. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu metode perkuatan yang murah dan mudah ditiru untuk meningkatkan ketahanan bangunan terhadap gempa (seismic retrofitting), salah satunya adalah perkuatan menggunakan ferosemen. Selain sebagai metode perkuatan, dinding pasangan bata dengan lapisan ferosemen juga dapat digunakan sebagai elemen struktur penahan gempa dalam konstruksi bangunan baru. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan membalutkan lapisan ferosemen pada kedua sisi dinding, di lokasi- lokasi balok dan kolom praktis umumnya diletakan. Metode ini sudah diuji dan dibuktikan untuk struktur bangunan tembokan nir-rekayasa satu lantai. Secara prinsip metode ini juga dapat diterapkan untuk bangunan sederhana dua lantai. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian getar pada benda uji dinding sebagai verifikasi parameter pemodelan, yang kemudian parameter pemodelan tersebut digunakan untuk memodelkan struktur bangunan tembokan dua lantai tanpa tulangan (URM). Kemudian dilakukan analisis perilaku dinamik pada model bangunan tembokan dua lantai tanpa tulangan (URM) dengan dan tanpa lapisan ferosemen. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa lapisan ferosemen juga dapat diterapkan pada bangunan tembokan dua lantai dan cukup efektif dalam menahan gempa. ......Non-engineered unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are generally weak against earthquakes and very dangerous for human safety, even though the earthquake that occurred was relatively small. However, this type of construction will be difficult to replace, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia, because it is relatively cheap and easy to build. Therefore, there is a need for a cheap and easy-to-apply seismic retrofitting method, one of which is ferrocement retrofitting. Masonry walls strengthened by layers of ferrocement can also be used as lateral load resistance elements for new URM buildings. It can be done by applying ferrocement layers on both sides of the wall, where beam and column are usually placed. This method has been tested and proven for a single-story building. Theoretically, this method can also be applied to a simple two-story URM building. In this research, a vibration test was carried out on a wall specimen as a model validation, which then the modeling parameters were used to model a two-story unreinforced masonry (URM) building. Linear dynamic analysis was carried out on a two-story URM building with and without ferrocement layers. It is concluded that ferrocement strengthening can also be used on two-story URM building and quite effective against earthquakes.