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Abstrak :
Skripsi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif tentang makna-makna yang terkandung dalam karya seni jalanan berbahasa Arab yang terdapat pada masa Arab Spring tahun 2011-2013 di tiga negara Arab, yaitu Tunisia, Mesir, dan Libya. Dalam mengungkapkan makna-makna tersebut secara terstruktur dan konstruktif, penulis menggunakan analisis semantik dan analisis semiotik. Fokus analisis semantik dalam skripsi terletak pada penentuan jenis makna yang terdapat pada ungkapan tertulis dalam bahasa Arab yang terdapat pada karya seni jalanan yang diteliti berdasarkan teori jenis makna Leech (1974) dan penentuan relasi makna, antara homonimi dan polisemi, yang muncul pada ungkapan-ungkapan tertulis tersebut berdasarkan teori relasi makna Chaer (2009) dan Taufiqurrahman (2008), sedangkan fokus analisis semiotik ialah mengungkapkan makna pada tanda melalui proses semiosis berdasarkan teori semiotik trikotomis-pragmatis Peirce. Hasil dari analisis semantik pada tiga karya seni jalanan yang dipilih menunjukkan hasil bahwa pada ketiga karya tersebut terdapat ungkapan tertulis yang memiliki makna konseptual, stilistika dan konotatif serta memiliki relasi makna polisemi, sedangkan analisis semiotik menunjukkan bahwa tanda-tanda yang terdapat pada ketiga karya tersebut digolongkan seb. ...... This undergraduate thesis is a qualitative study of meanings contained in Arabic street artworks found during the Arab Spring in three Arab countries, namely Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. To revealing these meanings in structured and constructively way, the author uses semantic analysis and semiotic analysis. The focus of the semantic analysis lies on determining types of meaning which are contained in Arabic written phrase in the street artworks based on types of meaning theory by Leech (1974) and determining meaning relation, between homonymy and polysemy, which contained in the Arabic written phrase based on meaning relation theory by Chaer (2009) and Taufiqurrahman (2008), while the focus of semiotic analysis is to reveal the meaning of the signs in the artworks through the process of semiosis based on Peirce’s triadic, pragmatic semiotic theory. The result of semantic analysis indicates that the written phrases of the three selected artworks have conceptual meaning, social meaning, and connotative meaning and also have polysemy meaning; while the semiotic analysis showed that the signs in the three works classified as symbol.

Abstrak :
The gulf between those who practice grassroots leadership and those who theorize about leadership has been shrinking for some time. Much of this is due to changingimages of who leaders are and what they should do. In the pasthalf century, notions about the essence of leadership have shifted from a hierarchical view that leadership flows from a leadership position to a much more lateral view that leadership roles are available to everyone. James MacGregor Burns’ Leadership (1978), which popularized “transformative leadership,” was one of the first to describe the shift from a command-and-control vision to one that is more inclusive and participatory. Robert Greenleaf’s notions about “servant leadership” (1977) held that leadership should at its core attend to matters of inequity and social injustice. A third seminal work, one that left solely hierarchical views of leadership behind forever, theoretically if not always in practice, was Ronald Heifetz’ 1994 book, Leadership Without Easy Answers. In it, Heifetz introduced the notion of what he calls adaptive work, or the learning required when neither the problem norits solution is clearly defined (a term cited in several of the chapters in this book). Learning is the key term in adaptive work. Because there are no easy answers or singular solutions in adaptive work, achieving agreement on a course of action means first that participants must recognize that their existing perspectives won’t lead them to a resolution, and second that they must suspend assumptions, entertain fresh questions, and try on the perspectives of others. They must realize that a solution is not a matter of applying technical solutions more expertly, but rather one of framing problems differently.