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"Advances in stem cell research discusses recent advances in stem cell science, including therapeutic applications. This volume covers such topics as biomanufacturing iPS cells for therapeutic applications, techniques for controlling stem cell fate decisions, as well as current basic research in such areas as germ line stem cells, genomics and proteomics in stem cell research. "

"Latar Belakang: ALDH1A1 merupakan gen yang meregulasi diferensiasi dan proliferasi sel dengan jalur asam retinoat. Telah dikenal sebagai gen pluripotensi, ALDH1A1 dapat ditemukan pada Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) dan Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) seperti Adipose-derived Stem Cell (ASC) dan Umbilical Cord Stem Cells (UCSC). Studi ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan relatif ekspresi gen ALDH1A1 pada ASC dan UCSC terhadap ALDH+ Breast CSC (BCSC). Metode: One-step qRT-PCR dilakukan untuk mendeteksi ekspresi mRNA ALDH1A1 pada ekstraksi RNA ASC, UCSC, dan BCSC. Hasil PCR dianalisis dengan BCSC menjadi ekspresi relatif setelah data dinormalisasikan oleh gen 18S.Hasil: Ekspresi gen ALDH1A1 relatif ditemukan lebih tinggi secara signifikan pada ASC dibandingkan UCSC. Sementara itu, ALDH1A1 lebih rendah diekspresikan pada MSC dibandingkan BCSC.Konklusi: ASC memiliki kemampuan pluripotensi lebih baik dibandingkan UCSCs pada aspek ALDH1A1. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kemampuan spesifik yang dimiliki ALDH1A1 untuk proliferasi dan diferensiasi ASC.

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Background: ALDH1A1 is a gene which regulates the cell differentiation and proliferation through retinoic acid pathway. Being a renowned pluripotent gene, ALDH1A1 could be found in both cancer stem cells (CSCs) and human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) such as Adipose-derived Stem Cells (ASCs) and Umbilical Cord Stem Cells (UCSCs). This research aimed to compare the expression of ALDH1A1 gene in ASCs and UCSCs relatively towards ALDH+ Breast CSCs (BCSCs).

Method: A one-step qRT-PCR was done to detect the mRNA levels of ALDH1A1 gene in the RNA extraction of ASCs, UCSCs, and BCSCs. The PCR result was analyzed into relative expression with BCSCs, after being normalized with housekeeping 18S gene.

Results: The expression of ALDH1A1 was found to be significantly higher in ASCs than UCSCs, relatively. Furthermore, ALDH1A1 gene was expressed lower in MSCs than BCSCs.

Conclusion: ASCs are discovered to be better in pluripotent capability than UCSCs in the aspect of ALDH1A1. This finding signifies the specific role of ALDH1A1, resulting in contribution of differentiation and proliferative capability to ASCs.

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"Sel induk(Stem Cell) adalah sel pembangun setiap organ dan jaringan tubtih kita. Dia adalah sel yang belum berdiferensiasi, tapi dengan kondisi tepat mampu berkembang inenjadi jaringan khusus dan organ tertentu. Sebdgian besar dari sel-sel jaringan tidak dapat beregenerasi jika rusak berat atau sakit, seperti pada kasus Infark Miokard. Penelitian terbaru mulai berfokus pada sel induk, yang dapat berproliferasi, dan berdiferensiasi menjadi sel otot jantung. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk ineiierangkan transplantasi sel induk pada infark miokard, keniajuan dan kendala yang terdapat dalam btdang kardiotnioplasti selular. (Med J Indones 2005; 15:3-8).

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Stem cells are the foundation cells for every organ and tissue in the body. They are undifferenciated cells that under proper conditions begin to develop into specialized tissues and organs. Most of the body's specialized cells cannot be replaced by natural processes if they are seriously damaged or diseased, such as in Myocardial Infarction. Recent interest has focused on stem cells, which can proliferate, and differentiate into cardiomyocytes.This paper aim to provide overview of stem cell transplantation in myocardial infarction, milestones and setbacks in the study of cellular cardiomyoplasty. (Med J Indones 2005; 15:3-8)."

"Stem Cell Labeling for Delivery and Tracking Using Noninvasive Imaging provides a comprehensive overview of cell therapy imaging, ranging from the basic biology of cell therapeutic choices to the preclinical and clinical applications of cell therapy. It emphasizes the use of medical imaging for therapeutic delivery/​targeting, cell tracking, and determining therapeutic efficacy. The book first presents background information and insight on the major classes of stem and progenitor cells. It then describes the main imaging modalities and state-of-the-art techniques that are currently employed for stem cell tracking. In the final chapters, leading scholars offer clinical perspectives on existing and potential uses of stem cells as well as the impact of image-guided delivery and tracking in major organ systems. Through clear descriptions and color images, this volume illustrates how noninvasive imaging is used to track stem cells as they repair damaged tissue in the body. With contributions from some of the most prominent preclinical and clinical researchers in the field, the book helps readers to understand the evolving concepts of stem cell labeling and tracking as the field continues to move forward."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Sel punca kanker (SPK) osteosarkoma didefinisikan sebagai sebagian kecil populasi sel osteosarkoma yang mempunyai kemampuan memperbaharui diri, menunjukan proliferasi dan mampu berdifferensiasi. SPK diduga bertanggung jawab terhadap resistensi kemoterapi, rekurensi dan metastasis. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan isolasi, kultur dan karakterisasi secara in vitro SPK osteosarkoma manusiaMetode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi in vitro sebagai lanjutan yang memisahkan SPK osteosarkoma dari sel osteosarkoma manusia yang berhasil dikultur secara in vitro. Prosedur isolasi dan kultur SPK osteosarkoma dilakukan dengan metode sphere-forming assay pada ultra low well attachment surface plate. Setelah koloni sarcosphere terbentuk, dilakukan penanaman koloni tersebut pada tissue culture plate dan dilakukan karakterisasi pewarnaan Alizarin Red S, ekspresi penanda gen Nanog, Oct ¾, STAT3 dan CD133 dengan Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) dan ekspresi penanda protein alkali fosfatase, osteokalsin dan CD133 dengan Immunofluorescence Analysis (IFA).Hasil. Dengan prosedur sphere forming assay dapat ditumbuhkan koloni sarcosphere yang berbentuk bulat, tiga dimensi serta tidak melekat pada substrat. Pada tissue culture plate didapatkan bentuk koloni sarcosphere berbentuk spindel dan melekat pada substrat. Pemeriksaan karakterisasi pewarnaan alizarin red s positif, ekspresi gen Nanog, Oct ¾ dan STAT3 yang dibuktikan dengan RT-PCR serta ekspresi protein alkali fosfatase, osteokalsin dan CD133 dengan metode IFA.Simpulan. SPK osteosarkoma dapat diisolasi dan dikultur secara in vitro dari sel osteosarkoma manusia dengan metode sphere forming assay.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction. Osteosarcoma cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a subpopulation of osteosarcoma cells which have the ability of self-renewal, proliferate and differentiate. CSCs may be responsible for chemotherapy resistance, recurrence and metastasis. This study aims to do isolation, culture and characterization of human osteosarcoma CSCs in vitro.Method. This study was an in vitro study which extend the differentiation of osteosarcoma CSCs from human osteosarcoma cells that had been successfully cultured in vitro. Osteosarcoma CSCs had been isolated and cultured with sphere-forming assay method on an ultra low well attachment surface plate. After sarcosphere colonies formed, the planting of the colony on the tissue culture plate and Alizarin Red S staining characterization was performed, the expression of marker genes Nanog, Oct ¾, STAT3 and CD133 was obtained by Reverse Transcriptase Poslymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) where as the expression of protein markers alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and CD133 was obtained by Immunofluorescence Analysis (IFA).Result. Sphere-forming assay procedure could develop sarcosphere colonies which were rounded, three-dimensional and not attached to the subtsrate. In tissue culture plate, spindle-shaped sarcosphere colonies attached to the substrate. Alizarin Red S staining characterization was positive, the expression of Nanog, Oct ¾ and STAT3 gene was demonstrated by RT-PCR and protein expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and CD133 was demostrated by IFA method.Consclusion. CSCs in osteosarcoma can be isolated and cultured in vitro from human osteosarcoma cells by sphere-forming assay method."

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Laminoplasti merupakan teknik dekompresi medulla spinalis dengan rekonstruksi lamina. Beberapa teknik telah diusulkan untuk mengisi defek lamina dengan menggunakan spacer. Perancah dirancang tiga dimensi sebagai pengisi celah/spacer untuk mengurangi potensi penolakan jaringan atau transmisi penyakit seperti pada penggunaan allograft serta mengurangi morbiditas yang ditimbulkan akibat pengambilan donor jaringan dari tempat lain di tubuh pasien (autograft). Penelitian pendahuluan telah dilakukan oleh peneliti dengan hasil perancah dari PLA terbukti biokompatibel secara invitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melanjutkan uji biokompatibilitas in vivo pada perancah PLA dan mengetahui pengaruh terhadap penambahan injeksi HA/Alginat serta seeding sel punca mesenkimal (SPM). Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksperimental dengan desain pre-test dan post-test control group untuk mengetahui efek aplikasi dari perancah menggunakan uji biokompatibilitas perancah in vivo pada hewan coba. Model laminoplasti dibuat pada 15 kelinci yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok berdasarkan jenis perancah yang dipakai untuk mengisi defek laminoplasti: Autograft, PLA, PLA+HA/alginat, PLA+ SPM, PLA+HA/Alginat+SPM. Secara umum tidak ditemui tanda inflamasi (derajat 1) pada sebagian besar sampel (47%) serta tidak ada sampel (0%) dengan area nekrosis (derajat 5). Penilaian mikroarsitektur perancah dengan Scanning Electrone Microscope menunjukkan integrasi jaringan yang baik ke dalam perancah. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada hasil penilaian mikroskopis histopatologi dan mikrostruktur antara kelima kelompok. Hal ini menunjukan perancah sintetis sama baiknya dengan penggunaan autograft dan dapat direkomendasikan untuk penelitian translasional ke manusia agar seterusnya dapat diaplikasikan sebagai biomaterial yang biokompatibel untuk mengisi defek tulang.

 

Kata Kunci:  Perancah, PLA, Sel Punca Mesenkimal, Laminoplasti, Biokompatibilitas

 

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Laminoplasty is a spinal decompression technique by lamina reconstruction. Several techniques have been proposed to fill the bone gap and maintaining widened canal by using spacers.  A 3-dimensional perancah is used as spacer to reduce the potential for tissue rejection or disease transmission as in the use of allograft and reduce the risk of donor site morbidity as seen in autograft. A preliminary study has been conducted by author to prove the PLA biocompatibility in vitro. This study aims to evaluate biocompatibility of PLA scaffold in vivo and see whether the addition of alginate / HA and mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)injections can improve the biocompatibility and tissue-perancah integration in vivo. This study is an experimental study with a pre-test and post-test control group design. A total of 15 laminoplasty rabbit model were divided into 5 groups based on type of spacer used: Autograft, PLA, PLA+HA/alginate, PLA+ MSc, PLA+HA/Alginate+MSc. perancah. In general, there were no signs of inflammation (grade 1) in most samples (47%) and there were no samples (0%) with areas of necrosis (grade 5). From the microarchitectural study using Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) most sample shown a decrease in porosity which indicates a good tissue-perancah integration. There were no significant differences in the histopathological results and microstructural assessment between the five groups. This result showed that synthetic scaffold has similar tissue reaction and tissue integration profile as autograft. Thus, we can recommend for further translational study to human so that this biocompatible fabricated perancah can be used to fill bone defect. 

 

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"kegagalan hati. Organoid hati dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk BAL. Organoid hati merupakan rekonstruksi hati kultur 3D dari sel punca dan sel-sel lainnya yang menyerupai mikrostruktur hati in vivo dan memiliki fungsi hati. Organoid hati juga dapat digunakan untuk uji obat dan sebagai model unutk mempelajari penyakit hati.Metode : Organoid hati pada penelitian ini direkonstruksi dari hepatosit, sel stelata hepatika (LX2), sel punca mesenkimal asal tali pusat (UC-MSCs), dan sel punca hematopoiesis asal darah tali pusat (UCB-CD34+). Hepatosit primer tikus, LX2, UC-MSCs dan UCB-CD34+ diko-kultur dalam 11 formulasi rasio selama 2 hari. Formulasi rasio yang membentuk sferoid dikultur dalam 4 medium kultur selama 5 hari, dipanen dan dilakukan analisa viabilitas. Rasio dengan viabilitas tertinggi merupakan rasio optimal dalam medium kultur optimal untuk rekonstruksi organoid hati. Rasio hepatosit : LX2 : UC-MSCs : UCB-CD34+ optimal 5 : 1 : 2 : 2 diko-kultur dalam medium kultur optimal Williams E yang disuplementasi dengan PRP, ITS dan dexamethasone selama 14 hari dan dilakukan analisa morfologi, fungsi hati dan potensi angiogenesis.Hasil : Viabilitas organoid bertahan hingga hari ke-14 dan ekspresi protein albumin, ekspresi protein GOT dan ekspresi protein CD31 cukup stabil hingga hari ke-14. Ekspresi gen Albumin meningkat hingga hari ke-14 sedangkan ekspresi gen GOT menurun hingga hari ke-14. Sekresi urea menurun hingga hari ke-5 dan sekresi albumin menurun hingga hari ke-7.Kesimpulan : Organoid hati ini direkonstruksi dari hepatosit primer, LX2, UC-MSCs, UCB-CD34+ dengan rasio optimal 5 : 1 : 2 : 2 dalam medium kultur optimal sederhana dan ekonomis Williams E yang disuplementasi PRP, ITS dan dexamethasone. Organoid hati ini dapat mempertahankan viabilitas dan fungsi hingga hari ke-14. Organoid hati penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai model untuk uji obat dan dapat dikembangkan untuk menjadi bahan BAL.

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Introduction : Bioartificial Liver (BAL) is being developed to be an alternative therapy for liver failure. Liver organoids can be used as prototype material for BAL. Liver organoids are 3D cultured liver reconstructions of stem cells and other cells that resemble the liver microstructure in vivo and perform liver function. Liver organoids also can be used for drug testing and as a model for liver disease pathogenesis.

Methods : Liver organoids in this study were reconstructed from hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (LX2), human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), and human umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoiesis stem cells CD34+. Rat primary hepatocytes, LX2, UC-MSCs and UCB-CD34+ were co-cultured in 11 ratio formulations for two days. The ratio formed spheroid were cultured in four culture medium for five days, harvested and analyzed for viability. The ratio with the highest viability was the optimal ratio in the optimal culture medium for hepatic organoid reconstruction. The optimal ratio 5 : 1: 2 : 2 of Hepatocytes : LX2 : UC-MSCs : UCB-CD34+ was co-cultured in optimal culture medium Williams E supplemented with PRP, ITS and dexamethasone for 14 days and analyzed for morphology, liver function and angiogenesis potential.

Results : Liver organoids viability maintained until day 14 and albumin protein expression, GOT protein expression and CD31 protein expression were quite stable until day 14. Albumin gene expression increased until day 14, while GOT gene expression decreased until day 14. Urea secretion decreased until day 5 and albumin secretion decreased until day 7. Conclusion : These liver organoids were reconstructed from optimal ratio 5 : 1 : 2 : 2 of primary hepatocytes, LX2, UC-MSCs, UCB-CD34+ in simple and economical optimal culture medium Williams E supplemented by PRP, ITS and dexamethasone. These liver organoids maintained viability and liver function until day 14. These liver organoids can be used as a model for drug testing and can be developed to become a BAL material for future application."

"Latar Belakang: Penatalaksanaan defek tulang dengan terapi regeneratif seperti penggunaan sekretom berpotensi mengatasi kekurangan, seperti morbiditas donor, dari pencangkokan tulang autologus. Namun hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian yang meneliti perbedaan kemampuan pertumbuhan tulang dari sekretom asal sel punca tali pusat, jaringan lemak, dan sumsum tulang. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental hewan menggunakan 63 tikus, dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok besar, yaitu kelompok sekretom sel punca mesenkimal (SPM) asal tali pusat, jaringan lemak, sumsum tulang, kontrol tanpa tindakan, dan kontrol dengan hidroksiapatit. Setiap tikus dioperasi sesuai dengan tindakannya, kelompok perlakuan diberi perlakuan sekretom yang sesuai dan hidroksiapatit dan kemudian kalus yang terbentuk diperiksa 2 minggu kemudian. Pemeriksaan luaran menggunakan histopatologi, berupa histomorfometri (area penulangan, fibrosis dan kartilago) dan pulasan immunohistokimia Bone Morphonegetic Protein (BMP)-2, dan pemeriksaan Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) protein Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). Hasil: Kelompok yang mendapatkan sekretom asal SPM jaringan lemak memiliki area penulangan terbanyak, sedangkan kedua kelompok kontrol terendah (p<0,001), kelompok sekretom asal SPM sumsum tulang memiliki area kartilago terbanyak (p=0,134), dan kedua kelompok kontrol memiliki area fibrosa terbanyak (p=0,198). Skor BMP-2 tertinggi tampak pada kelompok sekretom asal SPM adiposa dan paling rendah pada kelompok kontrol (p<0.001). Kadar protein Ihh secara bermakna paling tinggi pada kelompok sekretom asal SPM sumsum tulang, dan paling rendah pada kelompok kontrol (p<0.001)Kesimpulan: Sekretom memiliki kemampuan osteogenitas, dengan sekretom asal SPM jaringan adiposa yang memiliki kemampuan penulangan tertinggi pada tikus dengan defek tulang kritis, dibandingkan dengan kelompok sekretom lainnya dan kelompok yang tanpa diberikan tindakan

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Introduction: The management of bone defects with regenerative therapy using a secretome, for example, is promising and potentially may outweigh the shortcoming of autologous bone graft therapy such as donor morbidity. However, not many studies have compared the differences in the capabilities of bone growth from secretome derived from umbilical cord, adipose and bone marrow stem cell.

Methods: This research is an experimental animal study using 63 rats. A total of 63 rats were divided into 5 major groups (umbilical cord, adipose, bone marrow stem cell secretomes, control without treatment, and control with hydroxyapatite). Each mice was treated accordingly and the harvesting was done after 2 weeks. All samples were examined histopathologically using histomorphometry (ossification, fibrosis, and cartilage area) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-2 immunohistochemistry staining and Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) protein

Results: The percentage of ossification area was significantly highest in the adipose stem cell secretome group, and the lowest in both control group (p<0.001). The highest percentage of cartilage area was seen in the bone marrow stem cell secretome group (p=0.134) and the highest percentage of fibrous area was seen in both control group (p=0.198). The highest BMP-2 score was seen in the adipose stem cell secretome group and the lowest was in the control group (p<0.001). Level of Ihh protein was significantly highest in the bone marrow stem cell group group and lowest in the control group (p<0.001)

Conclusion: Secretome had osteogenic inducing ability, with adipose stem cell-derived secretomes having the highest bone density in mice with critical bone defects, compared to the other secretome groups and the control group."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pertanggungjawaban hukum bagi dokter dan klinik kecantikan yang menyediakan layanan stem cell untuk perawatan estetika beserta analisis penulis terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan Nomor 563/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Jkt.Sel. Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah mengenai legalitas penggunaan stem cell di Indonesia baik untuk tujuan pelayanan kesehatan maupun untuk digunakan dalam perawatan estetika. Bentuk penelitian skripsi ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan tipe deskriptif dan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan stem cell di Indonesia untuk tujuan penyembuhan penyakit maupun perawatan estetika diperbolehkan secara terbatas pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang telah mendapatkan izin dari kementerian kesehatan. Putusan Nomor 563/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Jkt.Sel merupakan putusan yang menjatuhkan hukuman pidana terhadap seorang dokter yang menggunakan stem cell untuk perawatan estetika pada pasiennya. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan agar pemerintah terutama kementerian beserta organisasi kedokteran yang berwenang untuk segera mengeluarkan pengaturan terkait kompetensi dokter yang diperbolehkan menggunakan stem cell baik untuk pelayanan kesehatan maupun untuk perawatan estetika sehingga kepastian hukum bagi dokter yang melakukan praktik stem cell dapat terwujud.

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This study discusses legal accountability for doctors and beauty clinics that provide stem cell for aesthetic treatment along with the author's analysis of the South Jakarta District Court Verdict Number 563 / Pid.Sus / 2020 / PN.Jkt.Sel. The focus of this research is on the legality of using stem cells in Indonesia both for health care purposes and for use in aesthetic treatments. The form of this thesis research is normative juridical with descriptive type and qualitative methods. The results of this study conclude that the use of stem cells in Indonesia for the purpose of curing diseases and aesthetic treatments is limited to health care facilities that have obtained permission from the ministry of health. Verdict Number 563 / Pid.Sus / 2020 / PN.Jkt.Sel is a verdict that imposes a criminal sentence on a doctor who uses stem cell for aesthetic treatment of his patient. The results of this study suggest that the government, especially the ministry of health and medical organizations that are authorized to immediately issue regulations regarding the competence of doctors who are allowed to use stem cells for both health services and for aesthetic treatment, so that legal certainty for doctors who uses stem cell in their practicecan be realized."