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"Latar belakang: Populasi lanjut usia (lansia) Indonesia diperkirakan akan terus meningkat. Kerapuhan dan penyakit periodontal merupakan kondisi kronis yang umum terjadi pada populasi lansia. Keduanya juga diketahui memiliki kesamaan dalam beberapa faktor risiko yang ada. Keterbatasan individu lansia dalam merawat diri sendiri merupakan dasar dari hubungan kerapuhan lansia dengan kondisi kesehatan periodontal. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kerapuhan dengan status periodontal pada lansia. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada subjek lansia berusia ≥60 tahun. Pemeriksaan tingkat kerapuhan menggunakan kuesioner kerapuhan berdasarkan resistensi, aktivitas, penyakit, usaha berjalan, dan kehilangan berat badan. Status periodontal yang diperiksa berupa skor plak, indeks kalkulus, bleeding on probing (BoP), jumlah gigi, dan stage periodontitis. Hasil Penelitian: Total 60 subjek penelitian dengan 46,6% subjek mengalami kerapuhan. Terdapat korelasi bermakna antara kerapuhan dengan skor plak, indeks kalkulus, BoP, jumlah gigi, dan stage periodontitis pada lansia (p<0,05). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada skor plak antara kelompok subjek rapuh dengan normal (p=0,000), pada BoP antara kelompok subjek rapuh dengan normal (p=0,003) dan kelompok subjek prarapuh dengan rapuh (p=0,003), serta pada jumlah gigi antara kelompok subjek rapuh dengan normal (p=0,011) dan kelompok subjek prarapuh dengan rapuh (p=0,023). Kesimpulan: Tingkat kerapuhan berhubungan dengan status periodontal pada lansia.

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Background: Population of elderly in Indonesia is expected to continue to increase. Frailty and periodontal disease are chronic conditions that are common in the elderly population. Both are also known to have similarities in several existing risk factors. The limitations of elderly individuals in taking care of themselves are the basis of the relationship between frailty of elderly and periodontal health conditions. Objective: To analyze the relationship between frailty and periodontal status in the elderly. Method: This research is a cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out on elderly subjects aged ≥60 years. Examination of frailty using a frailty questionnaire based on resistance, activity, disease, effort to walk, and weight loss. Periodontal clinical parameters examined were plaque score, calculus index, bleeding on probing (BoP), number of teeth, and stage of periodontitis. Results: A total of 60 research subjects with 46.6% of subjects experiencing frailty. There was a significant correlation between frailty and plaque score, calculus index, BoP, numbers of teeth, and stage of periodontitis in the elderly (p<0.05). There were significant differences in plaque scores between frail and normal subject groups (p=0.000), in the BoP between the frail and normal subject groups (p=0.003) and the pre-frail and frail subject groups (p=0.003), and in the number of teeth between the subject groups. frail to normal (p=0.011) and pre-frail subjects to frail (p=0.023). Conclusion: Frailty is associated with periodontal status in the elderly."

"The effect of socio-cultural status on periodontal condition in pregnant women has been reported by a number of researchers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of socio-cultural status on periodontal condition in pregnancy. The periodontal condition was evaluated for 84 pregnant women at their first, second, and third trimesters. The clinical indices include gingival index, plaque index, and the amount of subgingival plaque bacterial colonies. Statistical testing used one way Anova at 95% confidence level (a = 0.05), and t-test for the differences in the gingivitis severity of each group. The results of the study showed that gingival index, plaque index, and the amount of subgingival plaque bacterial colonies increased gradually in the first, second, and third trisemesters, and that most severe gingivitis in pregnant women was associated wth low level of education and unemployment. The conclusion of this study showed (1) increasing severity of gingivitis in pregnancy, (2) higher level of education is related to lower severity of gingivitis, and (3) employed women have lower rate of severe gingivitis than unemployed women."

"Periodontitis merupakan suatu penyakit inflamasi yang disebabkan oleh plak sebagai etiologi utama dan hormon reproduksi sebagai faktor risikonya. Periodontitis dapat meningkat keparahannya pada perempuan yang memasuki masa menopause sehingga hal tersebut dapat menganggu kualitas hidupnya.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh faktor-faktor yang berperan terhadap status periodontal dan kualitas hidup penderita periodontitis perimenopause dan pascamenopause. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pemilihan sampel consecutive sampling dan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu tahap pertama melalukan uji validasi kuesioner dan tahap kedua uji faktor klinis. Penelitian tahap pertama diikuti oleh 268 subjek dan tahap kedua diikuti oleh 167 subjek dengan kriteria inklusi subjek yang berusia 45 sampai dengan 59 tahun dan telah memasuki masa perimenopause dan pascamenopause serta menderita periodontitis. Status menopause subjek diperoleh melalui wawancara dan dikonfirmasi melalui pemeriksaan Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) dan hormon estrogen, pemeriksaan status periodontal dilakukan melalui pengukuran kehilangan perlekatan gingiva, indeks kebersihan mulut, indeks plak, indeks perdarahan papila, gigi goyang dan jumlah gigi yang hilang dan kondisi keradangannya dikonfirmasi melalui pemeriksaan IL-1β dan IL-10. Pengukuran kualitas hidup dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah tervalidasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan status periodontal dan kualitas hidup antara subjek perimenopause dan pascamenopause (p<0,005), walaupun terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar FSH dan estrogen antara kedua kelompok subjek. Faktor tingkat pendidikan, indeks kebersihan mulut, indeks plak, dan gigi goyang merupakan faktor-faktor yang paling berperan terhadap status periodontal penderita periodontitis perimenopause dan pascamenopause. Hanya faktor indeks plak dan gigi goyang yang paling berperan terhadap kualitas hidup penderita periodontitis pada periomenopause dan pascamenopause.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diperoleh model prediksi dan modeks skor indeks status periodontal dan kualitas hidup penderita periodontitis perimenopause dan pascamenopause yang dapat digunakan oleh klinisi untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prediksi status periodontal pada perimenopause dapat membantu pencegahan keparahan periodontitis lebih lanjut pada pascamenopause karena status periodontal yang berat dapat mengganggu kualitas hidup subjek.

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Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by a plaque as the primary aetiology and reproductive hormones as risk factors. Periodontitis may increase in severity in women entering menopause so that it can interfere with their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to obtain the factors that contribute to periodontal status and quality of life of periodontitis patients in perimenopause and postmenopause.This study design was cross-sectional. This study used consecutive sampling and conducted in two phases: (1) pass a validation test of the questionnaire and (2) clinical test factors. The first phase of the study is followed by 268 subjects and the second phase is followed by 167 subjects, with inclusion criteria subjects aged 45 to 59 years old and have been entering perimenopause and postmenopause and suffering periodontitis. Menopausal status subject obtained through interviews and confirmed through examination of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and estrogen hormone, examination of periodontal status is done by measuring the loss of attachment, oral hygiene index, plaque index, papillary bleeding index, teeth mobility, the number of missing teeth and inflammation condition is confirmed by examination of IL-1β and IL-10. Measurement of quality of life using a questionnaire that has been validated.The results showed that there were no differences periodontal status and quality of life among perimenopausal and postmenopausal subjects (p<0.005), although there are significant differences in FSH and estrogen levels between the two groups of subjects. Factor levels of education, oral hygiene index, plaque index, and teeth mobility are the factors that most contribute to the periodontal status of periodontitis patients in perimenopause and postmenopause. Only dental plaque index and teeth mobility were the most contribute to the quality of life of periodontitis in perimenopause and postmenopausal.Based on these results obtained predictive models and score index models of periodontal status and quality of life of periodontitis patients in perimenopausal and postmenopausal which can be used by clinicians to help make the diagnosis. The results of this study indicate that prediction of periodontal status in perimenopause can help prevent further periodontitis severity in postmenopausal because severe periodontal status can disrupt the subject's quality of life.

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"Latar Belakang: Osteoporosis merupakan penyakit yang ditandai oleh penurunan massa tulang, sehingga menyebabkan perubahan mikroarsitektur tulang. Osteokalsin adalah protein penanda adanya pembentukan dan resorpsi tulang. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar osteokalsin dengan status periodontal pada perempuan berisiko osteoporosis. Metode: Studi potong lintang pada 70 perempuan pascamenopause. Dilakukan pemeriksaan status periodontal dan kadar osteokalsin dalam serum menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar osteokalsin antara subjek osteoporosis, osteopenia, dan normal. Terdapat hubungan antara kadar osteokalsin terhadap kehilangan perlekatan klinis pada subjek osteoporosis. Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara kadar osteokalsin dengan status periodontal pada subjek osteoporosis.

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Background: Osteoporosis is defined as a bone disease characterised by a decrease in bone mass results in bone microarchitecture alteration. Osteocalcin is a valid biomarker for bone turnover and resorption. Aim: To analyze relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and periodontal status in osteoporotic risk women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 postmenopausal women. Periodontal examination and serum osteocalcin levels was measured using ELISA method. Result: There is no difference of serum osteocalcin levels on osteoporotic, osteopenia, and normal subjects. Relationship between serum osteocalcin and clinical attachment loss was found on osteoporotic subjects. Conclusion: Relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and periodontal status was found on osteoporotic subjects."

"Latar Belakang: Kehilangan gigi dan trauma oklusi merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung penyebab penyakit periodontal. Belum ada penelitian mengenai analisis kehilangan gigi molar pertama mandibula terhadap trauma oklusi dan status periodontal di Indonesia. Tujuan: Memperoleh analisis kehilangan gigi molar pertama mandibula terhadap trauma oklusi dan status periodontal. Metode: Studi retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder dengan pendekatan potong lintang dari rekam medik Departemen Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI periode 2012-2017. Hasil: Didapatkan 184 subjek yang mengalami kehilangan gigi molar pertama (M1) mandibula dengan jumlah kasus trauma oklusi terjadi pada 42 gigi premolar kedua (P2) mandibula dan 63 gigi molar kedua (M2) mandibula. Trauma oklusi yang terjadi pada P2 dan M2 mandibula memiliki nilai resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan keadaan tidak trauma oklusi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) nilai resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis antara gigi P2 mandibula trauma oklusi dengan tidak trauma oklusi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) nilai resesi gingiva dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis antara gigi M2 mandibula trauma oklusi dengan tidak trauma oklusi. Kesimpulan: Kehilangan gigi M1 mandibula dengan trauma oklusi berpengaruh terhadap resesi gingiva, kedalaman poket, dan kehilangan perlekatan klinis pada gigi P2 dan M2 mandibula.

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Background: Tooth loss and trauma from occlusion are kind of factors that contributing in periodontal disease. There has been no research on the analysis of mandibular first molar loss to trauma from occlusion and periodontal status in Indonesia.

Objective: Get the analysis of mandibular first molar loss to trauma from occlusion and periodontal status.

Method: A cross-sectional study using medical records in Department of Periodontics RSKGM FKG UI 2012-2017.

Result: There were 184 subjects that had mandibular first molar (M1) loss with total 42 mandibular second premolar (P2) and 63 mandibular second molar (M2) cases related to trauma from occlusion (TFO). Gingival recession, pocket depth, and loss of attachment of P2 and M2 mandibular teeth with TFO were worse than non-TFO. There were statically significant differences (p<0,05) of gingival recession, pocket depth, and loss of attachment between P2 mandibular teeth with TFO and non-TFO groups. There were statically significant differences (p<0,05) of gingival recession and loss of attachment between M2 mandibular teeth with TFO and non-TFO groups.

Conclusion:  Mandibular first molar loss with trauma from occlusion is related to gingival recession, pocket depth, and lost of attachment on mandibular second premolar and mandibular second molar."

"Latar Belakang: Mayoritas penelitian menemukan hubungan periodontitis dengan penyakit jantung koroner (PJK), namun hubungan status periodontal penderita PJK dengan kadar LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) sebagai faktor risiko aterosklerosis penyebab PJK belum diteliti. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar LDL dengan status periodontal PJK. Metode: 60 penderita PJK dan 40 kontrol diperiksa status periodontal (PBI, PPD, CAL) dan darah perifer untuk dinilai kadar LDL. Hasil: Ditemukan perbedaan kadar LDL (p=0,005) antara PJK dengan non PJK, korelasi kadar LDL dengan PPD (p=0,003) dan CAL (p=0,013) pada penderita PJK, dan PPD (p=0,001), CAL (p=0,008) pada non PJK, namun tidak ada korelasi kadar LDL dengan PBI (p=0,689) pada penderita PJK, PBI (p=0,302) pada non PJK. Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi antara kadar LDL dengan status periodontal.

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Background: Studies found an association between periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD), but relationship between periodontal status CHD patients with LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) levels, as risk factors for atherosclerosis, has not been studied.

Objective: To analyze relationship between LDL and periodontal status CHD.

Methods: Periodontal status of 60 CHD, 40 controls wasd examined (PBI, PPD, CAL) and their blood was taken to assess levels LDL.

Result: Found significant differences LDL (p=0.005), correlation LDL with PPD (p=0.003) and CAL (p=0.013) CHD, and PPD (p=0.001), CAL (p=0.008) non-CHD, but no significant correlation LDL with PBI (p=0.689) CAD and PBI (p=0.320) non-CAD.

Conclusion: There is a correlation between the LDL level with periodontal status."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) adalah suatu kelainan penyempitan pembuluh darah arteri jantung yang berhubungan dengan akumulasi lokal dari lipid, dalam bentuk kolesterol dan trigliserid. Penyakit periodontal merupakan inflamasi kronis yang berperan dalam perkembangan PJK. Pada periodontitis dilaporkan terjadi perubahan profil lipid berupa peningkatan kadar kolesterol dan LDL dalam darah. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan kadar kolesterol dalam darah dengan status periodontal pada penderita PJK dan non PJK. Metode: 60 penderita PJK dan 40 kontrol diperiksa status periodontal dan diambil sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol. Hasil: Kadar kolesterol darah penderita PJK berbeda dengan non PJK. Terdapat hubungan antara kadar kolesterol darah dengan status periodontal pada penderita PJK dan non PJK. Kesimpulan: Kadar kolesterol darah pada non PJK lebih tinggi daripada penderita PJK. Kadar kolesterol darah penderita PJK berhubungan dengan kedalaman poket dan kehilangan perlekatan. Kadar kolesterol darah non PJK berhubungan dengan kedalaman poket.

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Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an abnormal narrowing of heart arteries associated with local accumulation of lipids, in the form of cholesterol. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory that sugested link to the development of CHD. In periodontitis have been reported changes in lipid profile, include increased of cholesterol and LDL levels of blood.

Objective: to analyse correlation between blood cholesterol level with periodontal status of CHD patients and control group.

Methods: Periodontal status of 6 CHD patient and 40 control group was measured. Measurement of blood cholesterol level on both group.

Result: Blood cholesterol level in CHD patients differ from control group. Blood cholesterol level associated with periodontal status.

Conclusion: Blood cholesterol level in control group higher than CHD patients. Blood cholesterol level positively associated with pocket depth and clinical attachment loss in CHD patients. Blood cholesterol level positively associated with pocket depth in control group."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) disebabkan penyempitan arteri koronaria jantung, terdapat hipotesis mengenai infeksi periodontal yang dapat meningkatkan faktor risiko terjadinya PJK. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) sebagai penanda inflamasi akan meningkat pada aterosklerosis dan penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar ALP dalam saliva pada penderita PJK dan non PJK dengan status periodontal. Metode: Saliva dari 104 subjek diambil sebanyak 1 ml, kadar ALP dianalisis menggunakan Abbott architect ci4100. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar ALP dalam saliva antara penderita PJK dan non PJK. Kesimpulan: ALP dalam saliva pada penderita PJK lebih tinggi daripada non PJK dan tidak ada hubungan ALP dengan status periodontal.

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Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease that causes narrowing of the coronary arteries. Currently, there is a hypothesis regarding periodontal infection that increase risk for heart disease. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a marker of inflammation will increase in atherosclerosis and periodontal disease.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the levels of alkaline phosphatase in saliva with periodontal status in patients with CHD and non CHD.

Methods: saliva of 104 subjects were taken, each 1 ml, and levels of Alkaline Phosphatase was analyzed using Abbott ci4100 architect.

Results: No significant difference of Alkaline Phosphatase levels in saliva between CHD patients and non CHD.

Conclusion: The level of ALP in saliva was higher in patients with CHD and no association between ALP level and periodontal status."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalansi penyakit periodontitis di Indonesia tergolong lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan berbagai penyakit gigi dan mulut lainnya. Berdasarkan data dari Kementerian Kesehatan, prevalansi periodontitis prevalansinya mencapai 74,1% pada tahun 2018. Beban ekonomi dari biaya perawatan periodontitis mencapai hingga 812 milyar rupiah secara global. Negara lain seperti negara Eropa dan Malaysia telah memiliki analisis biaya perawatan periodontitis yang dibutuhkan untuk menanggulangi prevalansi periodontitis. Peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan analisis biaya perawatan periodontitis stage I-IV pada penelitian ini dikarenakan Indonesia sendiri belum memiliki data tersebut. Tujuan: Untuk mendapatkan perkiraan biaya perawatan periodontitis yang dihitung berdasarkan perubahan status periodontal (Indeks Plak (IP), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), Indeks Kalkulus (IK)) setelah perawatan. Metode: Dari 210 rekam medik yang diambil dari Klinik Periodonsia RSKGM FKG UI periode April 2020 - Juli 2022, terdapat 64 rekam medik yang dianalisis. Pendekatan deskriptif dan observasional analitik dibuat dan diolah dengan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan SPSS 26.0. Dilakukan pengambilan data diantaranya adalah biaya perawatan periodontitis dan perubahan skor status periodontal pada variabel IP, PBI, dan IK. Hasil: Biaya perawatan periodontitis stage I-IV berhasil diperoleh, namun biaya perawatan tersebut tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan perubahan variabel IP, PBI, dan IK. Perubahan variabel IP, PBI, dan IK juga tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan jumlah kunjungan. Kesimpulan: Didapatkan analisis biaya perawatan berdasarkan stage I-IV dan sekuens perawatan, serta hasil analisis hubungan antara biaya perawatan dengan perubahan variabel IP, PBI, dan IK dan jumlah kunjungan.

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Background: The prevalence of periodontitis in Indonesia is relatively higher compared to various other oral and dental diseases. According to data from the Ministry of Health, the prevalence of periodontitis reached 74.1% in 2018. The economic burden of periodontitis treatment globally amounted to 812 billion rupiah. Other countries, such as those in Europe and Malaysia, have conducted cost analyses of periodontitis treatment to solve its prevalence. Authors of this study are interested in conducting a cost analysis of periodontitis treatment stages I-IV in this study since Indonesia itself lacks such data. Objective: To estimate the cost of periodontitis treatment calculated based on changes in periodontal status (Plaque Index (PI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI) and Calculus Index (CI)) after treatment and number of visits. Method: Out of 210 medical records collected from the Periodontology Clinic at Dental and Oral Health Hospital (RSKGM) of Dentistry University of Indonesia during the period of April 2020 to July 2022, 64 medical records were analyzed. A descriptive and analytical observational approach was employed and processed using univariate and bivariate analysis with SPSS 26.0. Data collection included the cost of periodontitis treatment and changes in periodontal status scores for the PI, PBI and CI variables. Results: The cost of periodontitis treatment stages I-IV was successfully obtained; however, these treatment costs did not show a significant relationship with changes in variables PI, PBI and CI. Neither that the changes of PI, \PBI and CI showed a significant relationship with number of visits. Conclusion: An analysis of treatment costs based on stages I-IV and treatment sequences was obtained, along with the results of the analysis of the relationship between treatment costs and changes in variables PI, PBI and CI and number of visits."

"Latar belakang: Diabetes mellitus dan penyakit periodontal adalah salah satu penyakit yang paling sering ditemukan pada manusia. Periodontitis disebabkan oleh plak gigi dan diperberat oleh faktor risiko seperti DM. Diabetes memperburuk kondisi periodontal, namun periodontitis juga memperburuk kontrol glikemik pada pasien diabetes. Perawatan periodontal rutin pada pasien diabetes dapat membantu memelihara kontrol glikemik. Diabetes merupakan salah satu komorbid yang sering ditemukan pada pasien COVID-19, oleh karena itu diperlukan edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut dan kesadaran penyakit periodontal bagi pasien diabetes selama pandemik. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan tingkat kesadaran dan tingkat pengetahuan terhadap status periodontal pada pasien diabetes disertai periodontitis selama masa pandemik COVID-19. Metode: Survei kuesioner dalam Bahasa Indonesia dibagikan kepada pasien baru yang dirujuk ke Klinik Periodonsia di RS Khusus Gigi dan Mulut UI, selama masa pandemik COVID-19, dari bulan Januari hingga Juni 2021. Hasil: Total 84 subjek penelitian, dengan 34,5% pasien diabetes disertai periodontitis. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) pada tingkat kesadaran dan tingkat pengetahuan pada pasien periodontitis dengan pasien DM periodontitis. Terdapat korelasi antara tingkat kesadaran dan pengetahuan dengan status periodontal pasien yang menunjukkan tingkat keparahan dan laju perkembangan periodontitis yang dideritanya. Kesimpulan: Kesadaran dan pengetahuan mengenai periodontitis dan DM masih sangat minim dan kurang. Edukasi mengenai periodontitis, dan DM sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pengertian dan kesadaran akan pentingnya menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut serta bagaimana dampaknya terhadap kesehatan sistemik.

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 Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are among the most common diseases found in humans. Periodontitis is caused by dental biofilm but can be aggravated by risk factors, such as, diabetes mellitus. Diabetes worsens the periodontal condition, but periodontitis also worsen glycemic control in diabetic patients. Periodical periodontal maintenance in diabetics could help maintain good glycemic control. Diabetes is also among one of the most found comorbid diseases in Covid-19 patients, therefore dental health education and periodontal disease awareness is crucially needed for diabetic patients during pandemic. 

Objectives: This study aims to assess the relationship between level of awareness and knowledge on periodontal status in diabetic patients with periodontitis during Covid-19 pandemic. 

Methods: A close-ended questionnaire in local language (Indonesia) was distributed among new patients that were referred to Periodontology Clinic in Dental Hospital of Universitas Indonesia. Patients were collected during cov-19 pandemic from January to June 2021.

Results: A total of 84 patients were collected, with 34.5% of diabetic patients with periodontitis. Statistically, significant differences (p<0,05) were found between the level of awareness and knowledge of periodontal disease in diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients with periodontitis. The level of awareness and knowledge of periodontal disease was found correlated to their present clinical periodontal status which showed the severity and progression of periodontitis.

Conclusion: Awareness and knowledge of periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are still minimal and lacking. Further dental health education is needed to improve better understanding and awareness of the mutual relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus."