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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelapisan nikel dengan metode impregnasi basah pada substrat katalitik stainless steel 316 terhadap yield dan kualitas carbon nanotube CNT berbasis limbah polipropilena PP menggunakan reaktor flame synthesis. Dilakukan variasi loading nikel sebesar 0 , 5 dan 10 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelapisan nikel dapat meningkatkan yield CNT namun tidak signifikan, yaitu hanya sebesar 8,4. Akan tetapi, hasil CNT yang dihasilkan dari pelapisan nikel dengan loading 10 pada substrat SS 316 memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik. Dari hasil XRD, CNT terdeteksi pada peak intensitas 2 = 26° dan 43°, serta masih terdeteksi beberapa pengotor berupa grafit, Fe3O4, Fe3C, dan NiO pada ketiga sampel. Hasil SEM menunjukkan CNT lebih banyak terbentuk pada substrat dengan loading nikel 10 , dan ketiga sampel masih terdapat karbon amorf dan pengotor lain. Hasil EDX menunjukkan persen berat karbon dari sampel CNT yang tumbuh pada substrat loading nikel 10 lebih tinggi dari sampel lain, yaitu 74,07. Pada hasil TGA, pelapisan nikel dapat meningkatkan stabilitas termal CNT karena CNT mengalami penurunan persen massa pada suhu oksidasi sebesar 620oC. Karena peningkatan yield yang tidak signifikan pada limbah PP, dilakukan uji pelapisan nikel pada substrat stainless steel dengan sumber karbon kamper. Yield yang dihasilkan juga tidak signifikan, hanya sebesar 6,8. Namun, kualitas CNT yang dihasilkan justru mengalami peningkatan, baik dari segi diameter kristal yang menjadi semakin kecil sebesar 8,08 nm, komposisi karbon yang meningkat sebesar 83,06, maupun stabilitas termal yang meningkat dengan suhu oksidasi sebesar 723°C. Oleh karena itu, pelapisan nikel dapat meningkatkan yield meskipun tidak signifikan serta dapat meningkatkan kualitas CNT.

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This research aims to determine the effect of nickel coating on 316 stainless steel catalytic substrate by wet impregnation method on the yield and quality of polypropylene waste based carbon nanotube CNT using a flame synthesis reactor. The effect of nickel loading was studied at 0 , 5 and 10 . The results showed nickel coating increase CNT yield by 8.4 . However, CNT with 10 nickel loading offered the best yield and quality.. From the XRD results, CNT was detected at peak intensities of 2 26° and 43°, and still detected some impurities such as amorphous carbon, Fe3O4, Fe3C and NiO. From the SEM results showed that more CNT were produced on substrate with 10 nickel loading. EDX result shows that the carbon weight percentage from CNT with 10 nickel loading substrate is higher than other samples, which is 74.10 . In the TGA results, nickel coating can increase the thermal stability of CNT because CNT mass has decreased at an oxidation temperature of 620oC. Because the CNT yield from PP waste is not significant, nickel coating on substrates is tested with camphor as carbon sources. The yield produced is also insignificant by 6.8 . However, the quality of CNT is increased, in terms of crystal diameter which became smaller by 8.08 nm, the composition of carbon which increased by 83.06 , and the thermal stability which increased with an oxidation temperature of 723°C. Therefore, nickel coating can increase yield even it is not significant and can improve the quality of CNT.

Abstrak :
Reaktor berbahan stainless steel tipe 316 (SS 316) dirancang untuk sintesis Carbon Nanotube (CNT) berbasis kamper. Sebagai sumber karbon, padatan kamper diubah menjadi gas melalui proses sublimasi. Sintesis CNT pada permukaan substrat melalui metode sintesis chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Sintesis dilakukan dengan substrat wiremesh SS 316 dan menggunakan argon sebagai carrier gas serta hidrogen sebagai co-reactant. Preparasi substrat dilakukan melalui pretreatment dengan acid etchingmenggunakan larutan HCl 37% selama 10 menit. Tujuan preparasi ini untuk menghilangkan lapisan krom dan membuat permukaannya menjadi lebih kasar sehingga CNT dapat tumbuh. Suhu sintesis yang digunakan adalah 800oC dengan waktu 60 menit. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memvariasikan laju alir gas argon dan gas hidrogen dengan variasi 1:0, 0.9:0.1, 0.5:0.5, 0.1:0.9 dan 0:1. Hasil sintesis di karakterisasi menggunakan SEM-EDS, TEM, dan XRD. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan CNT tumbuh pada permukaan substrat wiremesh SS 316 untuk setiap variasi. CNT telah tumbuh mengikuti model tips growth dengan rentang diameter 13-33 nm serta yield dengan rentang 33-38%. Penggunaan gas hidrogen meningkatkan jumlah karbon yang terdeposit pada substrat wiremesh SS 316. Variasi terbaik berdasarkan diameter CNT dan yield terbesar didapatkan pada variasi 0.5:0.5. ......Reactor, which made from stainless steel 316 (SS 316), was designed for synthesis of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) based camphor. As a carbon source, solid camphor was converted into gas through a sublimation process. Synthesis of CNTs on substrate surfaces was through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Synthesis was performed with stainless steel-316 type as catalyst, argon as carrier gas, and hydrogen as co-reactant. Preparation of the catalyst is through a pretreatment by acid etching with HCl 37% over 10 minutes to remove the layer of chrome and make a rough surface so that CNTs can be grown. The operating temperature of the synthesis used was 800oC with a reaction time of 60 minutes. This research was conducted by varying the ratio argon and hydrogen volumetric flowrate by 1:0, 0.9:0.1, 0.5:0.5, 0.1:0.9 and 0:1. Produced CNTs were characterized using SEM-EDS, TEM, and XRD. The characterization results showed that the CNT grows on the surface of the SS 316 wiremesh for each variation while the CNTs follow the tips growth model which have 13-33 nm diameter and 33-38% yield for both substrate and surface of the reactor. The influence of hydrogen produce much more CNT on the surface of wiremesh SS 316 substrate. Best variation based on thinnest diameter and biggest yield observed at 0.5:0.5.

Abstrak :
Nickel is the most important element in cast stainless steel making. Among the other raw material nickel price is highest, and it 's still imported The purpose of this research are to compare eject of using ferronickelchram (Fe-Ni-Cr) local to corrosion resistance and microstructure CFSM (SS 316), compared with using of imported' pure nickel. Hopefully local raw material be able to substitute imported pure nickel as raw material of the cast stainless steel. Variable of this research are increasing Fe-Ni local percentage in cast raw material amount 0 %, 23%, 45 %and 79%. Each percentage processed in foundry process and sample made for chemical composition lest, corrosion resistance rest (polarization test) and microstructure analysis using optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), in order to compared with cast stainless steel CFBM (SS 316). The result show that, al! percentage chemical composition appropriate with references standard CFSM (Stainless Steel 7]/pe 316). Ai 45 % ana! 23% of Fe-Ni-Cr , corrosion resistance and microstructure are similar to 0 % (100 % pure nickel imported), 0,01-0,1mpy (1/1000 inch). While for percentage of 79 % have decreasing to 0,84mpy. This is caused by impurities, inclusion of Mn.S and the different of composition increasing corrosion resistance element molybdenum.