Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
Saat ini untuk mengetahui kinerja panel surya didasarkan pada daya keluaran maksimum dan fill factor pada kondisi Standard Test Condition (STC). STC merupakan kondisi standar panel surya bekerja secara ideal. Metode tersebut tidak dapat digunakan pada setiap kondisi karena faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja panel surya seperti radiasi dan suhu modul tidak tetap. Pada skripsi ini membahas perbandingan kinerja dua buah panel surya monocrystalline dengan pendekatan Gaussian (distribusi normal). Perbandingan kinerja panel surya ini dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan probabilitas dari distribusi kumulatif Gaussian pada fill factor dengan rentang radiasi dan suhu tertentu terhadap kondisi STC. Eksperimen dilakukan pada dua buah panel surya monocrystalline 180 Wp yang berbeda manufaktur dan diukur dengan menggunakan solar characteristic analyzer. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa panel surya PV A-180 memiliki kinerja lebih baik dibandingkan PV B-180 dengan perbandingan probabilitas 27,12% dan 16,09% pada eksperimen pertama serta 52,16% dan 35,74% pada eksperimen kedua. ...... Currently to determine the performance of the solar panel is based on maximum power output and fill factor on the Standard Test Condition (STC). STC is an ideal standard condition when solar panel works. The method couldn’t be used in any conditions because the factors that affect the performance of the solar panel are not fixed, such as radiation and temperature. This paper discusses the performance comparison of two monocrystalline solar panel with Gaussian Approach (normal distribution). Comparison of the performance of the solar panel is based on comparison of the cumulative probabilities of the Gaussian distribution on fill factor with a variety of radiation and temperature with STC. These experiments are used two different solar panels 180 Wp monocrystalline using solar characteristic analyzer. The results of these experiments indicated that the solar panel PV A-180 has a better performance than PV B-180 with probability ratio 27,12% and 16,09% in the first experiment and 52,16% with 35,74% in the second experiment.

Abstrak :
Temuan dalam penelitian ini menyanggah persamaan matematika dari penelitian yang ada yang telah menentukan sudut kemiringan optimal panel surya dengan perspektif lokasi subtropis. Pengaruh derajat lintang (Y) dan bujur (X) terhadap sudut optimum pemasangan panel surya di wilayah Indonesia direpresentasikan dengan persamaan -0,0093 X + 1,3042 Y. Nilai RMSE yang didapatkan adalah 1,88 dan nilai R2 adalah 0,928. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat persamaan matematis berdasarkan koordinat lokasi untuk menentukan sudut kemiringan optimum pemasangan panel surya di Indonesia serta menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap aspek teknis dan ekonomis. Potensi keuntungan ekonomis yang didapatkan dari pemasangan panel surya pada sudut optimum di wilayah Indonesia, dengan kapasitas PLTS 1 MW dan diasumsikan memiliki umur produksi 20 tahun mencapai Rp9.260.495.729,26 ......The findings in this study refute mathematical equation from existing research that has been determining the optimum tilt angle of the solar panel with a subtropical location perspective. Influence degrees latitude (Y) and longitude (X) to the optimum angle of solar panel installation in the territory of Indonesia represented by the equation -0,0093 X + 1,3042 Y. RMSE value is 1.88 and R2 value is 0.928. In this study, a mathematical equation based on the coordinates of the location to determine the optimum tilt angle of the installation of solar panels in Indonesia and analyze its impact on the technical and economical aspects. Potential economic benefits gained from the installation of solar panels at the optimum angle in Indonesia, with a capacity of 1 MW solar and assumed to have a production life of 20 years are reach US$ 740.839,66.

Abstrak :
Solar panel adalah komponen photovoltaic yang mengubah energi matahari menjadi energi listrik. Energi matahari merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang umum dijadikan sebagai alternatif sumber energi pengganti sumber konvensional. Dalam skripsi ini, dilakukan analisis matematis untuk desain dan biaya perencanaan sistem solar panel dengan kapasitas 196,37 kW dengan studi kasus di PT. Amarox Pharma Global. Berdasarkan hasil perencanaan desain yang dilakukan, meskipun dengan nilai penghematan energi yang sama. Penggantian sumber konvensional dengan solar panel keseluruhan akan menghasilkan BEP selama 8 tahun. Penggantian sumber listrik khusus pencahayaan (lighting) akan menghasilkan BEP selama 7 tahun 7 bulan. Instalasi sistem solar panel baik untuk penggantian sumber energi keseluruhan maupun penggantian sumber energi khusus pencahayaan juga diilustrasikan secara detail dalam skripsi ini. ......Solar panel is a photovoltaic component which transforms sun radiation energy into electricity. Solar energy is one of the renewable energy source that are commonly used as an alternative for conventional energy. In this thesis, mathematical analysis was done for designing and planning the cost of solar panel system with 196.37 kW capacity from a study case done on PT. Amarox Pharma Global. According to the results of planning design, even with the same energy saving percentage value. The replacement of overall conventional energy source with solar panel circuit will cause BEP value reaches 8 years. Replacement for conventional energy source only in lighting circuit will result in BEP value reaches 7 years and 7 months. Solar panel installation system for both overall energy source replacement and lighting only energy source replacement is illustrated on this thesis.

Abstrak :
To product electric emergy for simply house the system can supply seven unit lamps that are 3W or 7 unit lamps 7W. In this research we use three unit solar panel each 50Wp, 12V, 1.5 A, solar panel in parallel connection, the output voltage solar panel 12V and the putput of current is 4,5A. The moment sun is bright, the current income to charge controller and the to the battery, charge controller must be to flow to the battery, so we chose the 15A charge controller. If the sun is bright in a day we take the data start at 09.00 until 15.00 WIB, about sic hours, so in the battery has 27Ah, so we need 12V 45Ah battery for three unit solar panel 12V. the meaning only for lighting only, the power is 300W. If loads in the output inverter 1,36A and the input current in inverter is 25A, energy in the battery for six hours is 27Ah, so energy in the battery can for 1,3 hours, for operating in 2,6 hours we must have six solar panels, with charge controller 15A, 500W. For loads seven lamps each 3W so all 21W, current per lamp 0,014A so the output inverter 0,09A, the output voltage inverter 220V, the input voltage inverter 12V, the input current 1,75A, electrical energy ini battery 27Ah, the capability system to supply 15 hours, if we use 7W lamps so the total power 49W we need input current 4A, so can supply for 6,5 hours.

Abstrak :
The findings in this study refute mathematical equation in determining the optimum angle of the solar panel installation provided by Duffie and Beckmann, Heywood, Lunde, Chinnery, Lof & Tybout, and Garg. Existing research has been determining the optimum tilt angle of the solar panel with a subtropical location perspective. Influence degrees latitude (Y) and longitude (X) to the optimum angle of solar panel installation in the territory of Indonesia represented by the equation -0,0093 X + 1,3042 Y. RMSE value is 1,88 and R2 value is 0,928. In this study, a mathematical equation based on the coordinates of the location to determine the optimum tilt angle of the installation of solar panels in Indonesia and analyze its impact on the technical and economical aspects. The maximum potential economic benefits gained from the installation of solar panels at the optimum angle in Indonesia, assumed Feed in Tariff in Indonesia is US$ 0,25, with a capacity of 1 MW solar and assumed to have a production life of 20 years, are US$ 740.839,66.

Abstrak :
Listrik dengan sumber energi terbarukan terus mengalami peningkatan, namun tidak banyak di indonesia yang memanfaatkan energi tersebut untuk suatu pembangkit listrik yang mandiri dan optimal, salah satunya ialah di Desa Kolorai, morotai selatan. Dengan memanfaatkan Solar panel PV sebagai alat untuk mengubah energi matahari menjadi energi listrik, dan berdasarkan data yang diberikan oleh NASA, tingkat radiasi matahari di daerah kolorai sangat besar yaitu sekitar 5,99 kWh/ /day. Sehingga sistem PLTS mandiri merupakan salah satu solusi untuk pengadaan listrik di tempat yang terisolir aliran listrik seperti di daerah kolorai. Oleh karena itu, dalam menentukan profil beban dan langkah untuk mendesain sistem sangat berpengaruh untuk membangun sistem stand alone PV yang memenuhi syarat ekonimis dan teknis. Maka diperlukan suatu metode yang optimal untuk merancang sistem tersebut, dimana energi yang di hasilkan besar namun energi yang terbuang kecil dan memiliki nilai NPC yang rendah. Sehingga dengan membandingan metode perhitungan dengan menggunakan Standar Australia/New Zealand dan perhitungan manual Morteza Khatami untuk mendapatkan desain yang ekonimis dan teknis. Hasil simulasi pada homer menunjukan dengan menggunakan Standar Australia/New Zealand memiliki hasil yang sesuai dengan syarat yang diinginkan dengan nilai excess electricitynya sebesar 8,56 dan biaya NPC sebesar Rp 1.439.160.000,00.

---

Electricity with renewable energy sources continues to increase, but not many in Indonesia utilize that energy for an independent and optimal power plant, one of them is in Kolorai Village, south morotai. By utilizing Solar panel PV as a tool to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and based on data provided by NASA, the level of solar radiation in the colourai area is very large at around 5.99 kWh day. So the PV off grid system is one of the solutions for the procurement of electricity in an isolated place such as the flow of electricity in the area kolorai. Therefore, in determining the load profile and the steps to design the system is very influential to build a stand alone PV system that meets the economic and econimical requirements. Therefore it is necessary an optimal method for designing the system, where the energy produced is large but the energy is wasted small and has a low NPC value. Therefore, by comparing the method of calculation using the Australian New Zealand Standard and manual calculations to obtain an eco technical and technical design. The result of simulation on homer showed by using Australian New Zealand Standard has result according to requirement with excess electricity value equal to 8,56 and cost of NPC equal to Rp1.439.160.000,00.

Abstrak :
Teknologi panel surya terapung yang diterapkan di Danau Mahoni Universitas Indonesia merupakan panel surya bifacial. Namun penutupan badan air oleh solar panel terapung dapat menyebabkan perubahan kualitas air secara temporal. Sejauh ini, belum terdapat penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh solar panel terapung di perairan Indonesia. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari pengaruh penutupan permukaan danau terutama pada produktivitas primer, COD, dan BOD serta hubungan produktivitas primer dengan BOD dan COD. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan pada permukaan air, sedangkan perhitungan produktivitas primer menggunakan metode botol terang-gelap dan dilakukan inkubasi selama 3 jam. Secara temporal, nilai BOD, COD, dan produktivitas primer di bawah solar panel terapung, yang selanjutnya akan disebut titik 1, memiliki nilai kosentrasi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan yang berada di lokasi yang terbuka, yang selanjutnya akan disebut titik 2. Rata-rata kosentrasi BOD di titik 1 yaitu 4.25 mg/l dan titik 2 yaitu 1.56 mg/l. Adapun rata-rata kosentrasi COD di titik 1 adalah 31.875 mg/l dan titik 2 adalah 33.125 mg/l. Sementara itu, rata-rata produktivitas primer titik 1 yaitu 36.46 mg C/m3/jam dan titik 2 yaitu 114.58 mg C/m3/jam. Hasil analisis uji independen t menunjukkan adanya penurunan yang signifikan pada nilai BOD dan produktivitas primer di area yang tertutup solar panel. Sedangkan, nilai COD tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua titik. Adapun hasil uji korealasi Pearson’s menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas primer tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap parameter BOD dan COD. Maka dari itu penutupan area badan air dengan solar panel terapung menurunkan kualitas air Danau Mahoni terutama pada parameter BOD, COD, dan produktivitas primer. ......The technology of floating photovoltaic applied at Lake of Mahoni, University of Indonesia were bifacial photovoltaic. However, its body of water which was covered by the floating photovoltaic could cause temporal changes in water quality. To date, there had been no further research on the effects of floating photovoltaic in the waters of Indonesia. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the effects of the covered lake surface especially on primary productivity, COD and BOD, also examined how primary productivity was related to BOD and COD. Water sampling was carried out on the surface of the water, meanwhile the primary productivity was calculated utilizing the method of light-dark bottle and incubated for 3 hours. Temporarily, the values of BOD, COD, and primary productivity under the floating photovoltaic, hereinafter referred to as station 1, had lower concentration values compared to those in open areas, hereinafter referred to as station 2. The average BOD concentration at station 1 was 4.25 mg/l and at station 2 was 1.56 mg/l. As for the average COD concentration at station 1 was 31.875 mg/l and at station 2 was 33.125 mg/l. Meanwhile, the average primary productivity at station 1 was 36.46 mg C/m3/hour and at station 2 was 114.58 mg C/m3/hour. The results of independent t test showed a significant decrease in the values of BOD and primary productivity in areas covered by floating photovoltaic. Meanwhile, the values of COD did not show a significant difference between the two stations. As for the results of the Pearson's correlation test suggest that primary productivity did not have a significant relationship with the parameters of BOD and COD. Therefore, covered body of water by floating photovoltaic reduced the water quality at Lake of Mahoni, especially in the parameters of BOD, COD, and primary productivity.

Abstrak :
Solar panel terapung merupakan sumber energi terbarukan yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi bersih dengan keunggulan yang tidak memakan lahan. Menutup permukaan air dengan solar panel membatasi masuknya sinar matahari ke perairan yang dibutuhkan organisme autotrof untuk berfotosintesis sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas air permukaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi luas tutupan permukaan terhadap perubahan kualitas air danau. Pengujian dilakukan dengan meletakkan 4 buah mesocosm di Danau Mahoni dan memvariasikan persentase tutupan sebesar 0%, 30%, 50%, dan 100%. Selama 5 minggu pengukuran dilakukan pengukuran klorofil-a, DO, nitrat, dan fosfat. Pengolahan data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Melalui uji ANOVA satu arah didapatkan variasi tutupan permukaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan klorofil-a dan tidak berkolerasi signifikan terhadap parameter DO, nitrat, dan fosfat. Sedangkan uji korelasi dengan regresi menunjukkan trendline negatif pada seluruh parameter seiring penambahan persentase tutupan mesocosm. Kemudian dilakukan uji korelasi menggunakan Pearson untuk mengetahui hubungan konsentrasi klorofil-a dengan DO akibat variasi tutupan permukaan mesocosm. Hasilnya menunjukkan korelasi bervariasi pada masing-masing mesocosm. ......Floating solar panels is a renewable energy source for clean energy demands that do not require much space. Covering the water's surface with solar panels affects water quality since it can restrain the access of sunlight into the waters, which autotrophs organism need to do photosynthesis. This research aims to determine the effect of surface cover variations on lake water quality. The study was carried out on a small scale by setting four mesocosms in Mahoni Lake, Universitas Indonesia and altering the cover percentage from 0%, 30%, 50%, to 100%. During five weeks of the experiment, the chlorophyll-a, DO, nitrate, and phosphate parameters were processed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The one-way ANOVA test revealed that the variations of surface cover percentage significantly affected changes in chlorophyll-a and did not correlate significantly with DO, nitrate, and phosphate. The correlation test with regression showed a negative trendline for all parameters along with the increasing percentage of mesocosm cover. The correlation test was conducted using pearson to specify the relationship between chlorophyll-a and DO due to variations in mesocosm surface cover. The results show that the correlation value varies in each mesocosm.

Abstrak :
Penutupan solar panel terapung yang membatasi sinar matahari terhadap air permukaan danau disertai dengan limpasan air limbah domestik menuju danau mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup fitoplankton dan eutrofikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola distribusi spasial perubahan klorofil-a, nitrat, amonia, dan fosfat serta hubungan klorofil-a terhadap ketiga parameter nutrien tersebut pada air permukaan danau akibat keberadaan Solar Panel Terapung (SPT). Sebanyak 28 sampel air dikumpulkan dari 7 titik pengambilan selama 4 minggu musim hujan pada kedalaman kurang lebih 30 cm dari permukaan air di Danau Mahoni Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Titik-titik ini memetakan 4 parameter, yaitu klorofil-a, nitrat, amonia, dan fosfat. Tinjauan terhadap dinamika perubahan parameter, analisis spasial, dan statistik inferensial dilakukan. Uji Kruskall-Wallis menunjukkan penutupan SPT tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada perubahan konsentrasi klorofil-a, nitrat, amonia, dan fosfat. Analisis spasial menghasilkan pola klorofil-a dan fosfat yang sama, yaitu tinggi pada hulu, dan semakin menurun pada zona tengah danau dan SPT, kemudian meninggi di bagian hilir. Pola sebaran nitrat yang sedang pada hulu, dan semakin rendah pada zona tengah danau dan SPT, meningkat di bagian tengah ketiga, kemudian rendah di bagian hilir. Pola sebaran amonia berbanding terbalik dengan pola sebaran nitrat. Analisis regresi menunjukkan klorofil-a terhadap masing-masing nutrien pada keadaan terbuka lebih lemah terhadap hubungan korelasi pada keadaan tertutup. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa parameter korelasi klorofil-a terhadap ketiga nutrien pada SPT lebih lemah dibandingkan titik lainnya yang berada dalam keadaan terbuka. ......Covering of floating solar panels that limit sunlight to the lake surface water accompanied by domestic wastewater flow to the lake affects the life of phytoplankton and eutrophication. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of changes in chlorophyll-a, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate as well as the relationship of chlorophyll-a to the three nutrient parameters in lake surface water due to the presence of a floating solar panel. A total of 28 water samples were collected from 7 sampling points during 4 weeks of rainy season at a depth of approximately 30 cm from the surface water in Mahoni Lake, Universitas Indonesia, Depok. These points plot 4 parameters, namely chlorophyll-a, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate. A review of changes in parameter dynamics, spatial analysis, and inferential statistics were carried out. Kruskall-Wallis test shows that floating solar panel covering has no significant effect on changes in the concentration of chlorophyll-a, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate. Spatial analysis results in the same pattern of chlorophyll-a and phosphate, which was high in the upstream, and decreased in the middle zone of the lake and floating solar panels, then increased in the downstream. The pattern of nitrate distribution is moderate in the upstream, and lower in the middle zone of the lake and floating solar panels, increasing in the third middle, then lower in the downstream. The distribution pattern of ammonia is inversely proportional to the distribution pattern of nitrate. Regression analysis shows that chlorophyll-a correlation for each nutrient in the open water zone is weaker than the in the floating solar panel-covered zone. The correlation analysis shows that the correlation of parameter chlorophyll-a to nitrate, ammonia, and phosphate concentrations in the floating solar panel is weaker than the other points in the open water lake.

Abstrak :
Reflector is used to increase the amount of solar radiation that the solar panels are exposed with, thus increasing the production of electric power. Parameters and I-V characteristic curve of a solar panel is strongly influenced by the amount of solar radiation received by the solar panels. This paper will discuss the effects of flat reflectors on the parameters and I-V characteristic curve of the solar panels. The parameters are solar radiation and temperature at solar panel, maximum power output (PMPP), voltage when PMPP is reached (VMPP), current when PMPP is reached (IMPP), short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), and Fill Factor (FF). In this study, the types of reflector material are stainless steel mirror and aluminum foil. Reflector is placed beside solar panels. Reflector tilt angle was varied at 30, 45, 60, and 75 degrees. The measurement results show that the greatest increases in solar panel producing electric power are achieved at 75 degrees tilt angle. Aluminum foil reflector and stainless steel mirror can increase power output of solar panels until around 31.5 % and 21.5% respectively. In this tilt angle, for these two types of material reflector, VOC and VMPP tend not to change, ISC, IMPP, solar radiation and temperature on solar panel are increasing, whereas FF is decreasing around 4%. Changes in these parameters refer to the condition without a reflector.