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Abstrak :
The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of smoke clearing with adsorbents measured in situ using the photoelectric type smoke detection system. The influence of the type, size and the mass of the adsorbents was evaluated against the smoke clearing process. Adsorbent types studied were commercial activated carbon, ZnCl2-activated carbon, and activated natural zeolite, with the size of 0.6-1.0 ?m, 1.0 to 2.0 ?m, 53-106 ?m, and 106-212 ?m, and the mass of 1, 3, and 5g. The smoke was generated by burning tissue paper using an electrical soldering apparatus. The adsorbent was dispersed using a pressurized nitrogen system. The results showed that in comparison with no adsorbent, the activated carbon and natural zeolite were more effective for clearing the smoke. The order of clearing effectiveness was best achieved by commercial activated carbon, ZnCl2-activated carbon and activated natural zeolite, respectively. Particle size of 53 micron provided the most effective performance. The more mass of adsorbent dispersed, the faster the clearing process. Clearing process at the top of the column was faster than that at the bottom. The best t10 value obtained for the top, middle and bottom column were 4, 4.6, and 7.7 minutes, respectively. In addition, the average adsorption of carbon monoxide was less than 15%.

Abstrak :
Kebakaran dapat terjadi kapan saja dan di tempat yang tak terduga. Seringnya, kebakaran terjadi pada sebuah bangunan. Kebakaran gedung ini dapat berupa kebakaran pada perumahan, kebakaran pada perkantoran, dan kebakaran pada mall. Oleh karena itu, dalam perencanaan pembangunan suatu gedung diperlukan adanya perencanaan sarana keselamatan saat terjadi kebakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu yang dibutuhkan bagi asap untuk memenuhi ruangan dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membersihkan asap dari ruangan dengan menggunakan ventilasi alamiah. Penelitian ini menggunakan sabut kelapa sebagai bahan bakar dan dengan variasi massa 40 gr, 60 gr, dan 80 gr. Pembuangan asap hanya akan menggunakan ventilasi natural dan tanpa exhaust fan atau alat bantu lainnya. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa massa bahan bakar yang digunakan akan mempengaruhi temperatur, laju produksi asap, dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membuang asap dari bangunan. ......Fires can occur at any time and in the most unexpected places. Often, fires occur in a building. This building fire can be a housing fire, an office fire, and a mall fire. Therefore, in planning the construction of a building, it is necessary to plan safety facilities in the event of a fire. This study aims to determine the time needed for smoke to fill the room and the time needed to clear the smoke from the room using natural ventilation. This study used coconut coir as fuel and with mass variations of 40 gr, 60 gr and 80 gr. Smoke disposal will only use natural ventilation and without exhaust fans or other assistive devices. The takeaways from this experiment is the amount of fuel mass will affect temperature changes, smoke production rate, and the amount of time it takes to clear all the smokes from the building.