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"Pemanfaatan potensi panas bumi di Gunung Galunggung yang merupakan salah satu gunungapi aktif di Indonesia belum dilakukan hingga saat ini. Studi mengenai sistem panas bumi daerah terkait belum banyak dilakukan. Studi pada penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperjelas pendefinisian sistem pada model konseptual sebelumnya. Studi dilakukan untuk mengetahui keadaan sistem panas bumi daerah penelitian menggunakan data utama geologi dan geokimia. Metode yang digunakan antara lain metode penginderaan jauh, pemetaan geologi lapangan, petrografi, serta analisis geokimia dan isotop air yang diintegrasi dengan data gaya berat dan magnetotelluric literatur. Hasil studi menunjukkan keberadaan sumber panas yang berkaitan dengan vulkanisme aktif Gunung Galunggung. Batuan penudung terduga berada di utara hingga selatan daerah penelitian dengan reservoir yang terbentang di bawahnya. Pendugaan suhu reservoir memiliki kisaran antara 143-152°C menggunakan geotermometer Na-K-Ca. Fluida berasal dari air meteorik dan reservoir yang sama. Fluida panas bumi akan masuk melaui daerah imbuhan di utara, lalu terpanaskan oleh sumber panas, mengalir ke atas sehingga air kondensat termanifestasi, dan mengalir ke selatan hingga air klorida terencerkan termanifestasi. Permeabilitas dikontrol oleh struktur depresi di utara dan sesar normal dari komplek deformasi kuat di selatan. Sistem panas bumi daerah penelitian dikategorikan menjadi dinamis konvektif high-enthalphy liquid-dominated high-relief yang berasosiasi dengan vulkanisme Kuarter Gunung Galunggung.

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The utilization of geothermal potential on Mount Galunggung, one of the active volcanoes in Indonesia, has not been carried out yet. There have not been many studies on the geothermal system in the related areas. The study in this research was conducted to further clarify the how the system works in the previous conceptual model. The study was conducted to determine the state of the geothermal system in the research area mainly using the geological and geochemical data. The methods used include remote sensing methods, field geological mapping, petrography, and geochemical and water isotope analysis integrated with gravity and magnetotelluric literature data. The results of the study indicate the presence of a heat source related to the active volcanism of Mount Galunggung. The expected cap rocks are in the north to south of the study area with the reservoir extending beneath it. The reservoir temperature estimation has a range between 143-152°C using Na-K-Ca geothermometer. The fluids originated from meteoric water and the same reservoir. Geothermal fluid will enter through the recharge area in the north, heated by a heat source, flow upwards so the steam-condensate water is manifested, and flows south until dilute chloride water is manifested. Permeability is controlled by the depression structure in the north and the normal fault of the strong deformation complex in the south. The geothermal system in the study area is categorized as a high-enthalphy liquid-dominated high-relief convective dynamic associated with the Galunggung Quaternary volcanism."

"Daerah penelitian terletak di Muara Laboh, kabupaten Solok Selatan Sumatera Barat dan secara tektonik terdapat pada ujung segmen Suliti yang berasosiasi dengan sesar geser menganan (dextral strike slip fault) Sesar Sumatera. Daerah penelitian merupakan sistem panasbumi dengan dua phase yaitu sistem dominasi uap yang memiliki lapisan reservoir dominasi uap setebal ±400 m di atas zona dominasi air.Zona Altereasi di daerah penelitian dibagi menjadi dua yaitu zona alterasi argillic yang di tandai dengan kehadiran mineral clay (smectite) betemperatur rendah dan lapisan ini digunakan sebagai lapisan penudung (cap rock) dan kedua adalah zona alterasi prophylitic yang di tandai dengan kehadiran mineral sekunder bertemperatur tinggi seperti epidote, kuarsa, calcite, chlorite dan lapisan ini digunakan sebagai zona resrvoir (zona produksi). Permeabilitas zona produktif di sumur-sumur produksi tidak hanya dikontrol oleh jenis litologi dan unit batuan tapi juga dikontrol oleh bidang-bidang patahan dan zona rekahan di sekitarnya. Puncak reservoir rata-rata berada pada elevasi 1000-1100 mdpl. Sedangkan brine level teramati pada elevasi 400-600 mdpl. Temperatur dan tekanan yang lebih rendah, serta kandungan gas yang lebih tinggi bukan disebabkan oleh kompartementasi reservoir, tapi lebih disebabkan oleh lokasi sumur yang berada di dekat margin reservoir. Sumur re-injeksi di margin reservoir dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi penurunan tekanan reservoir yang cepat. Salah satu alternatif lokasi sumur injeksi adalah di bagian timur dan utara dari sumur produksi, dimana sumur injeksi harus dibor hingga menembus reservoir dominasi air. Dari hasil tahapan eksplorasi daerah penelitian yang baik untuk di kembangkan adalah dibagian selatan.

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The study area is located in Muara Laboh, South Solok regency of West Sumatra and is tectonically located on the tip of Suliti segment associated with the fault shear are heading (dextral strike-slip fault) Fault Sumatra. The study area is a geothermal system with a two-phase vapor-dominated system that has a layer of thick steam reservoir dominance ± 400 m above zone air.Zona Altereasi dominance in the study area was divided into two argillic alteration zones are marked by the presence of clay minerals (smectite) betemperatur low and this layer is used as the covering layer (cap rock) and the second is prophylitic alteration zones are marked by the presence of secondary high-temperature minerals such as epidote, quartz, calcite, chlorite and this layer is used as resrvoir zone (zone of production). Permeability zone in the prolific production wells is not only controlled by the type of lithology and rock units but also controlled by fields of faults and fracture zones in the vicinity. Peak average reservoir located at an elevation of 1000-1100 meters above sea level. While the brine level observed at the elevation of 400-600 meters above sea level. Temperature and lower pressure, as well as higher gas content is not caused by kompartementasi reservoir, but more due to the location of the wells near the reservoir margins. Reinjection wells in the reservoir margin needed to overcome the reservoir pressure drops rapidly. One alternative is the location of injection wells in the east and north of the production wells, where injection wells should be drilled to penetrate the dominance of the water reservoir. From the results of the exploration stage is a good research area to be developed is in the south."

"Telah diketahui dengan baik bahwa impedansi magnetotellurik (MT) dapat terdistorsi oleh ketidakhomogenan dekat permukaan (NSI) serta kurang sensitif terhadap struktur geolistrik dalam, hal ini dapat mengganggu interpretasi bawah permukaan dan menghasilkan model yang kurang akurat. Dikarenakan interpretasi 1-D dan 2-D tidak cukup untuk mendeskripsikan model geolistrik yang kompleks, maka dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemodelan inversi 3-D pada full impedance (MT) dan gabungan full impedance (MT) dengan tipper (MV) pada lapangan panas bumi “R” serta analisis dimensionalitas untuk mengetahui karakteristik dimensi bawah permukaan. Penambahan data tipper pada proses inversi didasarkan pada fakta bahwa ia tidak terpengaruh oleh efek distorsi galvanik. Permasalahan inversi 3-D MT diselesaikan menggunakan algoritma metode Non-Linear Conjugate Gradient (NLCG) dengan program ModEM. Hasil analisis dimensionalitas menunjukkan terdapat dominasi struktur 3-D pada kedalaman dalam dan struktur 2-D pada kedalaman dangkal dengan arah geoelectrical strike dominan N 20° E atau berarah timur laut-barat daya. Pemodelan inversi 3-D menunjukkan kehadiran pola persebaran lapisan penudung (clay cap) dengan ketebalan 1000 – 2000 m pada elevasi 500 m hingga -1500 m serta zona reservoir yang muncul pada elevasi -1500 m dengan orientasi timur laut-barat daya berlokasi di sekitar puncak Gunung S. Hasil komparasi inversi menggunakan mode MT dengan gabungan MT MV menunjukkan penambahan data tipper pada inversi full impedance memberikan informasi yang lebih akurat mengenai gambaran tepi atau batas dan bentuk anomali konduktif dibawah profil yang terletak di lingkungan 3-D daripada melakukan inversi full impedance saja.

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It is well known that the magnetotelluric impedance (MT) can be distorted by near-surface inhomogeneities (NSI) and is less sensitive to deep geoelectrical structures; this can interfere with subsurface interpretation and result in less accurate models. Since 1-D and 2-D interpretations are not sufficient to describe complex geoelectrical models, this study carried out 3-D inversion modeling on full impedance (MT) and a combination of full impedance (MT) and tipper (MV) in geothermal fields "R" and dimensionality analysis to determine the characteristics of the subsurface dimensions. The addition of a data tipper to the inversion process is based on the fact that it is not affected by galvanic distortion. The 3-D MT inversion problem is solved using the Non- Linear Conjugate Gradient (NLCG) algorithm with the ModEM program. The results of the dimensionality analysis show that 3-D structures are dominant at deep depths and 2- D structures at shallow depths with a dominant geoelectrical strike direction of N 20° E or northeast-southwest. 3-D inversion modeling shows a clay cap distribution with a thickness of 1000 – 2000 m at an elevation of 500 m to -1500 m and a reservoir zone that appears at an elevation of -1500 m with a northeast-southwest orientation located around the peak. Gunung S. The comparison of inversion using MT mode with join MT MV shows that the addition of tipper data on full impedance inversion provides more accurate information about the edge or boundary and shape of the conductive anomaly under a profile located in a 3-D environment rather than performing a full impedance inversion alone."

"Tulehu terletak di bagian Timur pulau Ambon, Maluku. Tulehu merupakan daerah dengan prospek panasbumi yang tinggi. Suhu reservoir dari sistem tersebut diperkirakan mencapai lebih atau sama dengan 230oC. Sudah cukup banyak penelitian yang dilakukan disini untuk mengetahui kondisi geologi, geokimia, dan geofisika, sehingga datanya dapat dijadikan data pendukung pada penelitian ini. Interpretasi geologi tidak lepas dari interpretasi dan analisis struktur geologi dan litologi atau kelompok batuan yang menyusunnya. Penelitian ini akan menggambarkan kondisi geologi daerah Tulehu berdasarkan interpretasi remote sensing dan data hasil observasi lapangan yang sudah dilakukan berupa data struktur dan satuan litologi, selanjutnya akan dipadukan dengan data geokimia dan geofisika untuk membuat model konseptual geotermal WKP Tulehu, penentuan sistem geotermal, delineasi area prospek, hingga rekomendasi titik pemboran. Daerah penelitian berada pada daerah Suli, Tial, Tulehu, dan Waai, Kecamatan Salahutu, Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini diawali dengan interpretasi data remote sensing berupa citra Landsat 8, dan DEM yang diproses menggunakan software ArcGIS 10.2.1, untuk mendapatkan peta geologi tentatif. Peta tersebut kemudia digabungkan dengan data geologi untuk mendapatkan peta geologi yang lebih komprehensif sehingga dihasilkan bahwa sesar Banda dan sesar Huwe merupakan sesar normal yang membuat graben dengan area gunung Eriwakang yang mengalami depresi, satuan litologi penyusunnya terdiri atas tujuh satuan yang dibagi berdasarkan genesa dan satuan vulkanostratigrafi. Peta geologi yang lebih komprehensif dengan semua analisisnya kemudian digabungkan dengan data geokimia dan geofisika untuk mendapatkan gambaran model konseptual geotermal sehingga diketahui sistem geotermal WKP Tulehu merupakan system high enthalpy, liquid-dominated system. Berdasarkan hasil analisis WKP Tulehu memiliki luas area prospek sekitar 3,4 Km2 dan potensi geotermal sebesar 17-34 MW.

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Tulehu is located in the eastern part of the island of Ambon, Maluku. Tulehu is an area with high geothermal prospects. The reservoir temperature of the system is estimated to be more or equal to 230oC. There has been quite a lot of research conducted here to determine geological, geochemical, and geophysical conditions, so that the data can be used as supporting data in this study. Geological interpretation cannot be separated from the interpretation and analysis of the geological and lithological structures or rock groups that compose them. This study will describe the geological conditions of the Tulehu area based on remote sensing interpretation and field observation data that have been carried out in the form of structural data and lithological units, which will then be combined with geochemical and geophysical data to create a geothermal conceptual model for the WKP Tulehu, determination of the geothermal system, delineation of the prospect area, up to the drilling point recommendation. The research area is in the Suli, Tial, Tulehu, and Waai areas, Salahutu District, Maluku Province. This research begins with the interpretation of remote sensing data in the form of Landsat 8 imagery, and DEM processed using ArcGIS 10.2.1 software, to obtain a tentative geological map. The map is then combined with geological data to obtain a more comprehensive geological map so that the Banda fault and the Huwe fault are normal faults that make the graben with the depressed mount Eriwakang area, the constituent lithology unit consists of seven units divided by genesis and volcanostratigraphic units. A more comprehensive geological map with all the analysis is then combined with geochemical and geophysical data to get a conceptual description of the geothermal model so that it is known that the WKP Tulehu geothermal system is a high enthalpy, liquid-dominated system. Based on the analysis, the WKP Tulehu has a prospect area of about 3.4 km2 and a geothermal potential of 17-34 MW."

"Potensi panas bumi Indonesia memiliki sumber cadangan yang sangat besar salah satu area prospek untuk mengembangkan potensi ini adalah potensi panas bumi di Pegunungan Kromong. Studi mengenai sistem panas bumi daerah ini belum banyak dilakukan dengan mendetail seperti mengkorelasikan prinsip geologi, geokimia, membentuk model konseptual dan perhitungan energi spekulatif dan reserve. Studi dilakukan untuk mengetahui keadaan sistem panas bumi yang bekerja pada daerah penelitian menggunakan dasar pemetaan geologi dan analisis geokimia lebih lanjut. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa keberadaan sumber panas bumi yang berada pada daerah Pegunungan Kromong berkaitan langsung dengan sistem vulkanik dari Gunung Ciremai. Hal ini ditunjukan oleh adanya pengaruh dari batuan plistosen berupa hasil erupsi gunung api kuarter yang membentuk sebagian besar batuan diarea peneltitian. Fluida panas bumi pada manifestasi juga memiliki suhu berkisar 60Co dan pada suhu reservoir berkisar 150-180oC menggunakan geotermometer Na-K. Fluida manifestasi berasal dari air meteorik yang mengalir dari lereng Gunung Ciremai dibagian selatan dan mengalir ke arah utara yang kemudian fluida merobos ke permukaan membentuk dua fluida manifestasi berupa fluida air panas dan gas yang kaya sulfat dan CO2. Tipe sistem panas bumi yang terbentuk bertipe convection dominated berupa volcanic type (CV1). Berdasarkan perhitungan heatloss maka potensi dari sistem panas bumi pada Pegunungan Kromong ini berada di kisaran 0.0435MWe.

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Indonesia's geothermal potential has extensive reserve sources. One of the prospect areas for developing this potential is the geothermal potential in the Kromong Mountains. Studies on the geothermal system in this area have not been carried out in detail by correlating geological and geochemical principles to form conceptual models and speculative energy and reserve calculations. The study was conducted to determine the state of the geothermal system operating in the research area using basic geological mapping and further geochemical analysis. The study results show that the existence of geothermal sources in the Kromong Mountains area is directly related to the volcanic system of Mount Ciremai. This is shown by the influence of Pleistocene rocks in the form of Quaternary volcanic eruptions which form most of the rocks in the research area. The geothermal fluid in the manifestation also has a temperature of around 60oC and in the reservoir temperature, it ranges from 150-180oC using a Na-K geothermometer. The manifestation fluid comes from meteoric water which flows from the slopes of Mount Ciremai in the south and flows towards the north where the fluid then breaks through to the surface to form two manifestation fluids in the form of hot water and gas rich in sulfate and CO2. The type of geothermal system formed is convection-dominated, volcanic type (CV1). Based on heat loss calculations, the potential of the geothermal system in the Kromong Mountains is in the range of 0.0435MWe."

"Isu lingkungan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan energi menjadi fokus pada penelitian ini. Pada penelitian ini, potensi energi panas bumi dikombinasikan dengan mekanisme penangkapan dan penyimpanan CO2 untuk dapat mengurangi secara signifikan emisi CO2. Pengoperasian CO2 memungkinkan pemanfaatan formasi geologi/potensi panas bumi dengan permeabilitas dan temperatur rendah, yang selama ini tidak dianggap layak secara ekonomi. Secara umum penelitian ini terbagi menjadi tiga tahap, didahului dengan menginventarisasipotensi panas bumi temperatur rendah – sedang di Indonesia, selanjutnya dilakukan penilaian kesesuaian kondisi subsurface untuk kesesuaian sebagai CCUS dan perangkingan berdasarkan skor yang didapatkan. Keluaran dari tahap satu berupa peta indikatif yang menginformasikan lokasi potensi panas bumi temperatur rendah – sedang yang sesuai digunakan untuk aplikasi CCUS. Dari studi ini diketahui, lapangan Batubini, Sanggala, dan Mengkausar merupakan tiga lapangan panas bumi teratas yang sesuai untuk penyimpanan CO2. Selain itu, dilakukanidentifikasi potensi EBT lainnya yang ada di sekitar lokasi potensi panas bumi terpilih. Pada tahap kedua dilakukan simulasi numerik dari salah satu lokasi terpilih guna mengetahui besarnya potensi listrik yang dapat dihasilkan. Tahap ketiga, dilakukan penyusunan sistem poligenerasi untuk memanfaatkan energi panas bumi dan energi surya sebagai sumber energi yang digunakan untuk beberapa pemanfaatan, antara lain: produksi air bersih, produksihidrogen, penangkapan CO2, pendinginan, pembangkit listrik siklus biner dan superkritikal CO2. Analisis thermodinamika, ekonomi dan lingkungan dilakukan pada sistem poligenerasi yang diusulkan. Validasi model dari masing – masing unit desalinasi, unit produksi hidrogen,unit penangkapan CO2, unit pendingin, dan unit pembangkit dilakukan terhadap hasil percobaan yang pernah dilakukan, Selanjutnya, analisis sensitivitas dari masing – masing parameter kunci dari masing – masing unit dilakukan guna mengetahui sejauh mana perubahan parameter – prameter tersebut berpengaruh terhadap variabel tetap berupa biaya rata – rata pembangkitanlistrik atau leverage cost of electricity (LCOE), biaya rata – rata produksi hidrogen atau leverage cost of hydrogen (LCOH), biaya rata – rata produksi air bersih atau leverage cost of fresh water (LCOFW), dan biaya rata – rata penangkapan CO2 atau leverage cost of CO2 (LCOCO2). Beberapa parameter pada sistem poligenerasi yang diusulkan berpengaruh terhadap biaya rata – rata, perubahan variabel akan berpengaruh terhadap variabel tetap tersebut yang selanjutnya dilakukan optimasi multi-objektif untuk mengetahui sejauh mana perubahan variabelberpengaruh terhadap biaya rata – rata tersebut. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi untuk memberi informasi dan gambaran mengenai potensi dan prospek sistem panas bumi temperatur rendah – sedang di Indonesia, memberi peluang pengurangan emisi CO2 dan dapat mendorong pemanfaatannya guna memenuhi kebutuhan energi di suatu daerah.

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Environmental Issues in Meeting Energy Needs as the Focus of This Research This research focuses on addressing environmental issues related to energy needs. It explores the potential of geothermal energy combined with carbon capture and storage (CCS) mechanisms to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions. The operation of CO₂ injection allows for the utilization of geothermal formations with low permeability and low temperature, which were previously considered economically unviable. In general, the study is divided into three stage: Stage one: Assessment of subsurface conditions for suitability with CCS applications, followed by a ranking based on scores obtained, The output of this phase is an indicative map identifying locations with low-to-moderate geothermal potential suitable for CCS applications. From the study, the Batubini, Sanggala, and Mengkausar geothermal fields were identified as the top three sites suitable for CO₂ storage. Additionally, other renewable energy potentials around the selected geothermal locations were identified. Stage Two: Numerical simulation at one of the selected locations to determine the potential electricity generation. Stage Three: Development of a polygeneration system that utilizes geothermal and solar energy for multiple applications, including Production of clean water, Hydrogen production, CO₂ capture, Cooling systems, Binary cycle and supercritical CO₂ power generation, Thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analyses were conducted on the proposed polygeneration system. The models for each unit (desalination, hydrogen production, CO₂ capture, cooling, and power generation) were validated against experimental results. A sensitivity analysis was performed on key parameters of each unit to assess the extent to which parameter changes impact fixed variables, such as: Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH), Levelized Cost of Fresh Water (LCOFW), Levelized Cost of CO₂ (LCOCO₂), Changes in certain parameters within the proposed polygeneration system affected the levelized costs. A multi-objective optimization was carried out to determine how variable changes impact these costs. This study aims to contribute to insights into the potential and prospects of low-to-moderate geothermal systems in Indonesia, offering opportunities for CO₂ emission reduction and promoting their utilization to meet regional energy needs."

"Tahap eksplorasi panas bumi merupakan tahap yang memiliki resiko paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan tahapan panas bumi lainnya. Sehingga diperlukan data-data kondisi bawah permukaan yang terintegrasi dengan baik dalam mendukung penentuan lokasi pemboran dengan tingkat kepastian yang lebih tinggi. Target pemboran ditujukan pada daerah yang memiliki temperatur dan permeabilitas tinggi. Distribusi temperatur bawah permukaan dapat didekati dari nilai resistivitas data Magnetotellurik (MT). Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pemodelan sistem panas bumi menggunakan data MT. Inversi 3-dimensi (3-D) data MT dilakukan untuk mengetahui resistivitas bawah permukaan. Lapisan konduktif diindikasikan sebagai clay cap dari sistem panas bumi, lapisan yang berada di bawah clay cap dengan nilai resistivitas sedikit lebih tinggi diindikasikan sebagai zona reservoir, dan body dengan nilai resistivitas tinggi yang merupakan heat source dapat dideteksi dengan metode MT. Hasil pengolahan data MT dan data interpretasi terpadu dengan data pendukung data geologi, geokimia, dan data sumur diperoleh model sistem panas bumi dan target pemboran. Berdasarkan peta elevasi Base of Conductor (BOC) dan hasil inversi MT 3-dimensi: luas daerah prospek Gunung Parakasak sekitar 15 km2 dengan potensi 117 MWe (untuk k=0.1) dan 257 MW (untuk k=2), struktur updome (upflow zone) di bawah puncak Gunung Parakasak dan aliran outflow menuju ke Rawa Danau.

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Geothermal exploration phase is the phase that has the highest risk among the other geothermal activities. Hence, the good integrated data of the subsurface condition needed to support the determination of the drilling location with the higher probability. The target of drilling activities is addressed to any regions that have high temperature and permeability. The distribution of the subsurface temperature can be approached by the resistivity value of Magnetotelluric data (MT).

This research focus is modelling of geothermal system by using MT data. Inversion of 3-dimension MT data conducted to analyze the subsurface resistivity. The conductive layer can be indicated as clay cap of geothermal system, the layer that resided under the clay cap with much more higher resistivity value can be indicated as reservoir zone, and the body with high resistivity value is the heat source that can be detected by MT method.

The tabulation of MT data and integrated interpreted data with the supporting data, such as geology data, geochemical data, and geothermal-well data will result the model of geothermal system and well targeting. Based on Base of Conductor (BOC) elevation map and MT 3-D inversion result, prospect area of Mt. Parakasak are about 15 km2 with the geothermal potency 117 MWe (k=0.1), 257 MW (k=2), the updome structure (upflow zone) under the top of Mt. Parakasak, and outflow zone towards to Rawa Danau."

"Daerah Karaha Bodas dan Talaga Bodas merupakan lapangan panas bumi yang lokasinya berdekatan di Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat. Lapangan Karaha Bodas dan Talaga Bodas memiliki prospek panas bumi dengan ditemukannya beberapa manifestasi permukaan berupa mata air panas, fumarol, danau asam. Orientasi struktur yang berkembang di kedua lapangan menunjukkan orientasi yang berbeda. Meskipun begitu, belum ada penelitian yang menjelaskan mengenai hubungan sistem panas bumi lapangan Karaha Bodas dan lapangan Talaga Bodas, dan potensi Cipacing dan Pamoyanan. Lokasi penelitian berada di Kabupaten Garut dan Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat. Metode Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode kualitatif (Analisis Morfostruktur) dan kuantitatif (Analisis Hidrogeokimia). Dilakukan pengolahan data yang memakai data citra DEM untuk analisis morfostruktur, dan 3 data kimia air dari lapangan Karaha Bodas, Talaga Bodas, dan potensi Cipacing untuk analisis Hidrogeokimia. Hubungan Sistem panas bumi Karaha Bodas dan Talaga Bodas berada dalam satu sistem panas bumi, dengan memiliki dua sumber panas yang berbeda, dengan lapangan Talaga Bodas sebagai zona upflow, dan lapangan Karaha Bodas juga Potensi Cipacing dan Pamoyanan sebagai zona outflow.

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The Karaha Bodas and Talaga Bodas are geothermal fields which are located in Tasikmalaya, West Java. The Karaha Bodas and Talaga Bodas fields have geothermal prospects with the discovery of several surface manifestations in the form of hot springs, fumarols, and acid lakes. The orientation of the structure that developed in the two fields showed a different orientation. However, there is no research that explains the relationship between the geothermal system in the Karaha Bodas field and the Talaga Bodas field, and the potential of Cipacing and Pamoyanan. The research location is in Garut and Tasikmalaya, West Java. The research method used is qualitative (morphostructural analysis) and quantitative (hydrogeochemical analysis) methods. Data processing using DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data for morphostructural analysis, and water chemistry data from the Karaha Bodas field, Talaga Bodas field, and Cipacing fields for hydrogeochemical analysis. The analysis shows that relationship between the Karaha Bodas and Talaga Bodas geothermal systems is a geothermal system, with two different heat sources, the Talaga Bodas field as an upflow zone, and the Karaha Bodas field with Cipacing and Pamoyanan potentials as an outflow zone."

"[Daerah prospek panas bumi Gunung Arjuno dan Gunung Welirang berada pada jalur vulkanik yang dikenal dengan jalur ring of fire, yaitu rentetan gunung api, baik yang aktif, maupun gunung api yang tidak aktif. Gunung tersebut berasosiasidengan pembentukan sistem panas bumi yang ditandai dengan kemunculan manifestasi yang terdiri dari mata air panas Padusan, Coban dan Cangar serta adanya fumarol yang terdapat di komplek Gunung Welirang. Dari hasil perhitungan geothermometer daerah prospek panas bumi Gunung Arjuno danGunung Welirang memiliki temperatur 250o C dan masuk dalam kategori high temperature (>225 oC). Untuk mengetahui batas, kedalaman, dan geometri dari reservoir yang ada, dilakukan pengukuran dengan metode Magnetotellurik (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) dan gaya berat. Dari hasil pengukurantersebut, dilakukan pemodelan pada 138 data MT, 103 data TDEM dan 253 data gaya berat. Selanjutnya hasil pemodelan dianalisa dengan menggunakan penampang 1 dimensi, 2 dimensi dan visualisasi 3 dimensi. Karakteristik reservoir berada pada kisaran 10-30 Ohm-m dengan nilai densitas rata-rata 2.2gr/cc dan menghasilkan prospek panas Gunung Arjuno dan Gunung Welirang sekitar 40 km2 dengan potensi yang dapat dikembangkan untuk pembangkit tenaga listrik sebesar 140 MWe, rekomendasi penentuan titik bor eksplorasi berada di 2 km baratlaut dari komplek Gunung Welirang.

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The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of 250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30 Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g/CC3 to generate hot prospects Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount Welirang.;The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track

which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active

and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of

geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations

consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the

geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of

250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the

method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and

gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results

were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3

dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30

Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g / CC3 to generate hot prospects

Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed

for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount

Welirang.;The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track

which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active

and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of

geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations

consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the

geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of

250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the

method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and

gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results

were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3

dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30

Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g / CC3 to generate hot prospects

Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed

for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount

Welirang.;The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track

which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active

and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of

geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations

consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the

geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of

250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the

method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and

gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results

were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3

dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30

Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g / CC3 to generate hot prospects

Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed

for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount

Welirang.;The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track

which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active

and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of

geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations

consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the

geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of

250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the

method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and

gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results

were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3

dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30

Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g / CC3 to generate hot prospects

Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed

for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount

Welirang., The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track

which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active

and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of

geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations

consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the

geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of

250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the

method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and

gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results

were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3

dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30

Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g / CC3 to generate hot prospects

Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed

for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount

Welirang.]"