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Abstrak :
Karies merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi mulut yang paling tinggi pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di Indonesia. Mengobati karies sejak dini dapat menghilangkan rasa sakit dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak. SDF merupakan salah satu perawatan karies pada gigi sulung. 59 anak usia 3-5 tahun di Serpong diaplikasikan SDF pada permukaan gigi sulung yang karies dan di evaluasi setelah 3 bulan. Ibu subjek diberikan kuisioner pengukuran kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi SDF. Setelah dioleskan SDF, 89,36% karies terhenti. Kualitas hidup 59 subjek meningkat setelah aplikasi SDF (p < 0,05). SDF efektif dalam menghentikan karies gigi sulung dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak. ......Caries is the highest oral health problem in children aged 3-5 yeard old in Indonesia. Early caries treatment can heal tootache and increase quality of life. SDF is one of caries treatment for primary teeth. 59 children aged 3-5 years old were applied SDF and evaluated 3 months later. Mothers are given quality of life questionairre before and after SDF application. After SDF application, 89,36% caries are arrested. Quality of life of the subjects are increased after SDF application (p<0,05). SDF is effective in treating primary teeth caries and increase children quality of life.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Silver Diammine Fluoride SDF memiliki kandungan fluor yang diketahui dapat menghambat proses demineralisasi email gigi dan dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi ion fluor dalam saliva dan urin. Tujuan : Menganalisis konsentrasi ion fluor dalam urin setelah aplikasi SDF pada email gigi. Metode: Urin dari empat subjek penelitian dikumpulkan sesaat sebelum, 30 menit setelah, 2 jam dan 3 jam setelah aplikasi SDF dan dianalisis konsentrasi ion fluornya dengan menggunakan alat Ion Selective Electrode. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara waktu 1 dan waktu 2, waktu 1 dan waktu 3, waktu 1 dan waktu 4, waktu 2 dan waktu 3 p>0.05 serta terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara waktu 2 dan waktu 4 serta waktu 3 dan waktu 4 p

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ABSTRAK
Background Silver Diammine Fluoride SDF , which content fluoride is known to inhibit tooth enamel demineralization process and increase fluoride concentration in saliva and urine. Objective Analyzing the fluoride concentration in urine after application of SDF on tooth enamel. Methods Urine from four subjects were collected prior to application, 30 minutes after, 2 hours and 3 hours after application of SDF and use Ion Selective Electrode to measured the fluoride concentration. Result There is no significant difference between time 1 and time 2, time 1 and time 3, time 1 and time 4, time 2 and 3 p 0.05 and there is a significant difference between time 2 and time 4 also time 3 and time 4 p

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) dan Propolis Fluoride (PPF) merupakan varnish yang memiliki sifat antibakteri dan dapat mencegah demineralisasi dan memicu remineralisasi Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekerasan dentin setelah aplikasi varnish SDF dan PPF selama 30 hari dan 60 hari. Metode: Enam spesimen dentin gigi premolar dengan ukuran 4x4x2 mm diaplikasikan varnish SDF (38%) dan PPF (10%) kemudian setiap spesimen direndam dalam tube berisi aquadem lalu dikocok dengan kecepatan 45 rpm selama 30 menit setiap hari. Dan dilakukan uji kekerasan menggunakan Vickers microhardness tester setelah 30 dan 60 hari. Hasil: Nilai kekerasan dentin setelah 30 hari aplikasi SDF ialah 67 ± 2,83 VHN dan PPF ialah 61,00 ± 2,44 VHN. Sedangkan nilai kekerasan dentin setelah 60 hari aplikasi SDF ialah 69,00 ± 2,82 VHN dan PPF ialah 73,25 ± 1,71 VHN. Kesimpulan: Varnish SDF dan PPF efektif meningkatkan kekerasan dentin. ...... Background: Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Propolis Fluoride (PPF) had antibacterial properties on silver and propolis contents. The fluoride content present in both varnishes could inhibit demineralization and promote remineralization Objective: This study analyzed the dentin microhardness after 30 and 60 days application of Sodium diamine fluoride (SDF) and propolis fluoride (PPF). Methods: Six dentin blocks were allocated and divided into control groups and treatment groups with SDF (38%) and PPF (10%). Each dentin block in the treatment group received a topical application of various fluoridebased varnishes and was submerged in aquadem and shaken for 30 minutes at 45 rpm every day. The dentin hardness was analyzed by a Vickers microhardness tester. Results: Dentin microhardness after 30 days application of SDF varnish was 67 ± 2,83 VHN and PPF varnish was 61,00 ± 2,44 VHN. While, Dentin microhardness after 60 days application of SDF varnish was 69,00 ± 2,82 VHN and PPF varnish was 73,25 ± 1,71 VHN Conclusion: SDF and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization and increase dentin microhardness.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Diketahuinya perbandingan efektiftas aplikasi silver diamine fluoride dengan propolis fluoride dalam menghambat karies gigi sulung. Metode: 224 anak usia 4-5 tahun dengan karies dentin aktif dialokasikan secara random pada satu diantara 3 kelompok perlakuan untuk pengobatan lesi karies dentin gigi sulung: Kelompok 1- Aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride, Kelompok 2- Aplikasi Propolis Fluoride, dan Kelompok 3- Kontrol. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 7 hari, 1 bulan dan 3 bulan untuk menilai banyaknya lesi karies yang menjadi terhenti. Hasil: Setelah 3 bulan, 163 (72,8%) anak menyelesaikan penelitian. Persentase karies yang menjadi terhenti adalah 88,68%, 55,78% dan 2,13% untuk Kelompok 1, Kelompok 2 dan Kelompok 3. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride atau Propolis Fluoride efektif menghambat lesi karies gigi sulung. Silver Diamine Fluoride lebih efektif dalam menghambat lesi karies dibanding Propolis Fluoride, tetapi Propolis Fluoride memiliki keunggulan tidak membuat perubahan warna gigi menjadi hitam. ...... Objective: To compare the effectiveness of topical application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution and topical application of propolis fluoride in arresting active dentine caries in primary teeth. Methods: A total of 224 children, aged 3-4 years, were randomly allocated to one of three groups for treatment of carious dentine cavities in their primary teeth: group 1- application of SDF, group 2 ? application of Propolis Fluoride, group 3 ? control. Follow-up examinations were carried out 7 days, 1 month and 3 months to assess whether the treated caries lesions had become arrested. Results: After 3 months follow up, 163 (72,8%) children remained in the study. The caries arrest rates were 88,68%, 55,78% dan 2,13% for group 1, group 2 and group 3. Conclusion: Application of SDF solution or Propolis Fluoride solution can arrest active dentine caries. Topical application of SDF is more effective than Propolis Fluoride in inhibiting caries lesions progression, but Propolis Fluoride has the advantage that the arrested caries lesion will not turn black in colour like SDF.

Abstrak :
Karies merupakan penyakit infeksius yang paling sering terjadi pada anak di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan solusi yang dapat mengatasi karies, salah satunya dengan aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF). Tujuan: membahas evaluasi aplikasi SDF dalam mengatasi karies anak dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan persentase karies terhenti setelah aplikasi SDF. Metode: Studi kohort untuk evaluasi dan cross sectional dengan subjek penelitian 115 anak usia 3-5 tahun yang memiliki karies dentin aktif. Kuesioner diisi oleh orangtua untuk mengetahui faktor risiko karies. Hasil: Evaluasi pada 3 dan 10 bulan memperlihatkan permukaan karies aktif berpeluang terhenti 9.9 dan 6.8 kali setelah diaplikasi SDF, dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diaplikasi. Kesimpulan: SDF efektif menghentikan karies aktif anak serta meringankan rasa sakit yang diderita anak akibat karies sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan quality of life anak. ...... Dental caries is one of the most prevalent infectious disease in children in Indonesia. Therefore, solution to overcome caries is needed. Objective: evaluate Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) applications to overcome caries in children and factors related to the percentage of arrested caries after SDF application. Method: Cohort study to evaluation and cross sectional with 115 children aged 3-5 years old who had active dentin caries were the subjects. Caries risk factors questionnaires filled by parents subject. Results: Active caries which were applied SDF had odd ratios 9.9 and 6.8 times being arrested after 3 and 10 months, respectively, compared with those not applied. Conclusion: SDF is effective to arrest caries and decrease toothache suffered by children, thus potentially increase the quality of life of children.

Abstrak :
Silver Diamine Fluoride SDF sudah terbukti sebagai cairan yang dijadikan sebagai agen antikaries. Namun Silver Diamine Fluoride dapat meninggalkan noda hitam pada permukaan gigi dimana Silver Diamine Fluoride tersebut diaplikasikan serta menghasilkan rasa metal. Propolis Fluoride adalah salah satu temuan untuk menggantikan Silver Diamine Fluoride sebagai agen antikaries tanpa memiliki efek samping yang sama. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antimikrobial dari Propolis Fluoride dalam menghamabat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dan dibandingkan dengan Silver Diamine Fluoride. Terdapat 3 variasi konsentrasi dari Propolis Fluoride yang diuji yaitu 3,3 Ekstrak Propolis 2,139 Fluoride , 6,3 Ekstrak Propolis 2,139 Fluoride , dan 10 Ekstrak Propolis 2,139 Fluoride. Metode: Suspensi S.mutans dikultur di dalam Brain Heart Infusion cair dan dan agar. Lalu suspensi diteteskan ke dalam 96-well plate dan dipaparkan dengan Propolis Fluoride lalu diinkubasi di dalam suasana anaerob selama 20 jam. Dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan kristal violet 0,5 pada 96-well plate dan pembacaan untuk mengukur besarnya Optical Density menggunakan microplate reader dengan gelombang 570 nm. Hasil: Potensi Propolis Fluoride 10 EP 2,139 Fluoride setara dengan potensi Silver Diamine Fluoride 38 . dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans. Hasil uji ANOVA dari Propolis Fluoride 10 EP 2,139 Fluoride p = 0,08. Kesimpulan: Potensi Propolis Fluoride dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dapat disetarakan dengan potensi inhibisi Silver Diamine Fluoride 38. ......Background: Silver Diamine Fluoride is a liquid that has been proven to be an anti caries agent. But it leaves a black stain on the surface of the teeth where it was aplicated and it also have a metalic taste. Propolis Fluoride is one of the finding to replace Silver Diamine Fluoride as an anti caries agent without having the same side effect. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Propolis Fluoride in inhibiting S.mutans biofilm formation in comparison to Silver Diamine Fluoride. There are three different variant of Propolis Fluoride concentration which is 3,3 Propolis Extract 2,139 Fluoride , 6,3 Propolis Extract 2,139 Fluoride , and 10 Propolis Extract 2,139 Fluoride. Methods: The suspension of S.mutans were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion broth and agar. Then the suspension was shed into 96 well plate and combined with Propolis Fluoride. Later, 96 well plate were incubated in anaerobic enviroment for 20 hour. Crystal violet 0,5 then shed into the 96 well plate. The amount of biofilm inhibition were evaluated using microplate reader in 570nm wavelength to find the amount of the Optical Density OD. Then the concentration were measure in OD then converted into percentage. Result: Propolis Fluoride 10 EP 2,139 Fluoride have the same potention in inhibiting biofilm formation of S.mutans as Silver Diamine Fluoride 38. The ANOVA result for the Propolis Fluoride 10 EP 2,139 Fluoride is p 0.08. Conclusion: The potention of Propolis Fluoride in inhibiting biofilm formation of S.mutans can be compared with Silver Diamine Fluoride.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Silver Diamine Fluoride memiliki kandungan ion fluor yang dapat menaikkan konsenstrasi ion fluor, meningkatkan potensi remineralisasi lesi enamel dan menghasilkan kenaikan bioavailibitas konsentrasi ion fluor pada saliva. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kandungan ion fluor dalam saliva sebelum dan setelah aplikasi Silver Diamine Flouride. Metode yang dilakukan adalah stimulated saliva dikumpulkan untuk kemudian diukur kandungan ion fluor nya dengan menggunakan alat ion selective electrode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kandungan ion fluor pada saliva yang bermakna p < 0,05 antara kelompok waktu sebelum, sesaat setelah, dan 1 jam setelah aplikasi SDF. Terdapat hubungan antara konsentrasi kelompok waktu sebelum, sesaat setelah, dan 1 jam setelah aplikasi SDF dengan berat badan subjek. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi ion fluor saliva mengalami peningkatan sesaat setelah aplikasi SDF, dan kemudian akan turun kembali ke konsentrasi awal 1 jam setelah aplikasi.

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ABSTRAK
Silver Diamine Fluoride is consist fluoride that can increase fluoride concetration in saliva, remineralization process, and bioavailability of fluoride in saliva. The purpose of this study was t o analyze the difference of fluoride concentration in saliva between before and after Silver Diamine Fluoride application on enamel. The methods is to collect Stimulated saliva of 4 subjects and then measure the concentration of fluoride using ion selective electrode. The results showed that there were significant differences in the phosphate concentration.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Silver Diamine Fluoride SDF dan Propolis Fluoride PPF dapat mencegah karies karena mengandung agen remineralisasi yaitu fluoride dan agen antibakteri yaitu silver pada SDF dan flavonoid pada PPF. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas aplikasi varnish SDF dan PPF pada dentin dalam waktu 60 hari. Metode: Enam puluh spesimen dentin gigi permanen manusia berbentuk balok 4x4x2 mm dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok waktu; 0 hari, 1 hari, 7 hari, 14 hari, 30 hari, dan 60 hari. Setiap kelompok diaplikasikan varnish SDF dan PPF sebanyak 20 ?L di sisi oklusal. Pada uji fluoride seluruh spesimen direndam pada air deionisasi, sedangkan pada uji flavonoid seluruh spesimen direndam pada cairan etanol 20. Kelompok perlakuan dikocok dengan kecepatan 45 rpm selama 30 menit bergantung pada kelompok waktunya. Pengukuran ion fluoride menggunakan alat ion selective electrode dan pengukuran absorbansi flavonoid menggunakan spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 425 nm. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan konsentrasi ion fluoride setelah aplikasi kedua varnish dan SDF melepaskan ion fluoride lebih banyak dibandingkan PPF. Terdapat peningkatan absorbansi flavonoid setelah aplikasi PPF. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi SDF dan PPF pada dentin efektif dalam waktu 60 hari. ......Background: Caries are preventable by Silver Diamine Fluoride SDF and Propolis Fluoride PPF due to their fluoride and antibacterial agent content with aim of teeth remineralization. Objective: This study aims to analyse effectivity of varnish SDF and PPF application in dentine within 60 days. Methods: Sixty blocks 4x4x2 mm human permanent teeth dentine speciments were divided into six time groups 0 day, 1 day, 7 days, 14 days, 30 days, and 60 days. SDF and PPF varnish 20 L were applied to speciments rsquo occlusal surface. For fluoride test, all speciments were submerged in deionized water, in contrast speciments were submerged in ethanol 20 for flavonoid test. In treatment group, speciment were shaked for 30 minutes at 45 rpm everyday in accordance to their time group. Ion selective electrode and spectrophotometer with 425 nm wavelenght absorbance were utilised for fluoride ion and flavonoid absorbance measurement respectively. Results: There is an increase in fluoride ion concentration after SDF and PPF application in dentine and SDF releases more fluoride ion compared to PPF. There is an increase in flavonoid absorbance after PPF application. Conclusion: SDF and PPF application in dentine is effective within 60 days.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Silver Diamine Fluoride SDF merupakan agen antikaries yang sudah terbukti efektif. Namun Silver Diamine Fluoride dapat menyebabkan noda hitam pada permukaan gigi dan menghasilkan rasa metal. Propolis Fluoride merupakan agen antibakteri yang dapat mencegah karies tanpa menyebabkan noda hitam dan rasa metal. Tujuan: tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan dari Propolis Fluoride dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dan S.sanguinis dan dibandingkan dengan Silver Diamine Fluoride. Metode: suspensi bakteri dikultur pada Brain Heart Infusion Broth dan agar diteteskan kedalam 96-well plates dan dipaparkan dengan Propolis fluoride lalu diinkubasi pada waktu 4 jam, 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 48 jam. Selanjutnya dipaparkan Kristal violet 0,5 pada masing-masing well plate dan dilakukan evaluasi dengan menggunakan microplate reader untuk mengetahui nilai Optical Density dengan panjang gelombang 570nm. Hasil: Propolis Fluoride efektif dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dan S.sanguinis. hasil uji ANOVA dari Potensi hambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dan S.sanguinis pada Propolis Fluoride setara dengan Silver Diamine Fluoride 38. Kesimpulan: Propolis Fluoride memiliki daya hambat dan keefektifan yang sama dengan Silver Diamine Fluoride.Kata Kunci: Propolis Fluoride, S. mutans, S.sanguinis, Kristal violet, Silver Diamine Fluoride. ......Silver Diamine Fluoride SDF is an anti caries agent that has been proven effective. But Silver Diamine Fluoride can caused black stain on the surface of the teeth and has a metallic taste. Propolis Fluoride is an antibacterial agent that can prevent caries without causing black stain on the surface of the teeth and metallic taste. Objective: the aim of this study is to know the effectiveness of Propolis Fluoride to inhibit the biofilm formation of S.mutans and S.sanguinis in comparation to Silver Diamine Fluoride. Methods: The suspension of the bacteria were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion Broth and agar were shed on 96 well plates and combined with Propolis fluoride then incubated for 4 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. After that, Cristal Violet 0,5 were shed on each well plate and evaluated using microplate reader to know the amount of Optical Density in 570nm wavelength. Result: Propolis Fluoride is effective for inhibiting biofilm formation of S.mutans and S.sanguinis. The ANOVA result of potential to inhibit biofilm formation of S.mutans and S.sanguinis for Propolis Fluoride is equal to Silver Diamine Fluoride 38. Conclusion The effectiveness and inhibition potential of biofilm formation using Propolis Fluoride is equal to Silver Diamine Fluoride.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Uncertainty exists as to how to best prevent root caries development. The aim of the present study was to compare sodium fluoride (NaF), chlorhexidine (CHX) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) varnishes (V) and rinses (R) regarding their caries preventive effect in an artificial caries biofilm model. 140 bovine root dentin samples were cut, polished and embedded. Samples were allocated to seven treatment groups (n = 20/group): Four varnishes (applied once prior biofilm challenge): 38% SDF (SDFV), 35% CHX-varnish (CHXV), 22,600 ppm NaF-varnish (NaFV), placebo-varnish (PV); two rinses (applied once daily during biofilm challenge): 500 ppm NaF solution (NaFR), 0.1% CHX solution (CHXR); one untreated group. Caries was induced in a multi-station, continuous-culture Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) biofilm model. Bacteria were inoculated 1 × daily, while 2% sucrose was supplied 8 ×/day followed by artificial saliva for 10 min. After 12 days, mineral loss (ΔZ) was measured in the effect area and adjacent to the varnished areas. Bacterial counts were assessed on de-Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar. ΔZ was significantly lower in the NaFR group compared with all other groups. Varnishes did not significantly prevent mineral loss in adjacent areas. None of the agents had a significant antimicrobial effect on LGG. Regular fluoride rinses showed highest root caries-preventive effect.