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Abstrak :
This study was conducted to determine the influence of various types and doses of fertilizer in the mud media for the silkwon population abudance (tubifex sp). Fertilizer contain high nutrient elements are useful as food for silk worms so that they can grow on silkworms population in the mud medium. This study used 27 aquarium ,size 50 cm x 30 cm x 25 cm. This experiment using a completely randomized factorial design with nine treatments and three replicates. The treatment consist of two factors that the type and dose, includes: chiken manure with a dose of 20%,40% and 60%,with a dose of duck manure 20%,40% and 60% and cow dung with a dose of 20%,40% and 60%.Earthworm population data for 10 days after the study were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference test to determine differences among the treatments. Results from the study indicate that differences in type and dose fertilizer sludge influence on the media (P<0.05) in the population abudance of silk worm (tubifex sp) .Chiken manure fertilizer types and doses of 60% gave the best results with an average population abudance of 215 individuals.

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This Whitehall Paper is an examination of China's relations over its western borders, looking at the interplay between China's relations with South and Central Asia, and its relations with other great adjacent powers. Based on a two-year research project that included travel and workshops in South and Central Asia, this Paper examines Beijing's changing impact and relationship with its near neighbourhood. Conceived prior to the announcement of Xi Jinping's 'Belt and Road Initiative' research for this report was undertaken in the shadow of the September 2013 announcement and the 'Belt and Road' ultimately proved to be the driving framework under which this report was drafted. The report sketches out the roots of the initiative, and how it is being felt on the ground, exploring in detail how it is being received in China's immediate neighbourhood where its impact is most significant for China.

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ABSTRAK
Flap mukoperiosteal dan penutupannya sering dilakukan dalam praktek bedah mulut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh 2(dua) jenis bahan jahitan yaitu "synthetic absorbable polyester suture" dan "non absorbable suture" terhadap penyembuhan luka flap mukoperiosteal sesudah tindakan odontektomi molar ketiga rahang bawah impaksi kelas I posisi B mesioangular. Penilaian tingkat penyembuhan dari kedua kelompok, yang masing-masing terdiri dari 15(lima belas) dan 16(enam belas) sampel, didasarkan atas pengamatan klinis. Dengan menggunakan test Chi-square sebagai uji statistik, terungkap bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna mengenai lama penyembuhan luka flap mukoperiosteal yang dijahit dengan benang "synthetic absorbable polyester" dan "non absorbable".

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Teknik rekayasa jaringan digunakan untuk memperbaiki jaringan rusak dengan menggunakan pengganti biologis. Saat ini,para peneliti mengembangkan implan untuk rekayasa jaringan. Material berbasis polimer sebagai bahan implan banyak menarik perhatian karena biaya realtif murah, sumber berlimbah dan dapat diterima tubuh. Pendekatan material rekayasa jaringan tulang didasari dengan substansi dari material penyusun tulang. Pada penelitian ini digunakan hidroksiapatit yang berfungsi sebagai filler karena mampu memberikan kekerasan yang baik dan meningkatkan kemampuan adhesi (perekatan) sel. Silk Fibroin berfungsi sebagai matriks yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan elastisitas dan sifat mekanik komposit. Hidroksiapatit berhasil ditumbuhkan pada silk fibroin dengan metode in-situ berbantukan iradiasi gelombang mikro (720 W; 15 menit). Larutan  SF yang telah diekstraksi dengan Adjisawa reagent dicampurkan dengan larutan kalsium fosfat yang telah dipreparasi menggunakan Ca(OH)2 dan (NH4)2HPO4 sebagai prekursor. Pengaruh rasio SF terhadap kekerasan komposit HA/SF diamati pada variasi rasio (v/v) yaitu HA90/SF10, HA80/SF20, dan HA70/SF30. Hasil XRD didapatkan bahwa ukuran kristal (L) dan indeks kristalinitas (CI) menurun seiring bertambahnya rasio SF pada komposit. Indeks kristalinitas terbesar terhitung pada sampel HA90/SF10 yaitu 32,6 dan 0.885. FTIR dipilih pada sampel HA70/SF30 didapatkan gugus fungsional utama yaitu pada bilangan gelombang 569, 608, 900, dan 1036, amida I pada bilangan gelombang 1636, amida II pada bilangan gelombang 1527 dan amida III pada bilangan gelombang 1264 yang menandakan bahwa HA dan SF saling mengikat menggambarkan bahwa kandungan SF mempengaruhi ukuran partikel, dimana semakin banyak kandungan SF maka semakin menurun ukuran partikel yang terbentuk. Hasil uji mekanik microvickers menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak rasio SF dalam komposit HA/SF mengakibatkan semakin tinggi nilai kekerasan komposit ditandai dengan nilai kekerasan sampel HA70/SF30 yaitu 0,0335 GPa, sampel HA80/SF20 sebesar 0,0278 GPa dan sampel HA90/SF10 sebesar 0,0266. ......Tissue engineering techniques are used to repair damaged tissue using biological substitutes. Currently, researchers are developing implants for tissue engineering. Polymer-based materials as implant materials have attracted a lot of attention because of their relatively low cost, wasteful sources and acceptable to the body. The bone tissue engineering material approach is based on the substance of the bone building material. In this study, hydroxyapatite was used as a filler because it was able to provide good hardness and increase cell adhesion. Silk Fibroin serves as a matrix that serves to increase the elasticity and mechanical properties of the composite. Hydroxyapatite was successfully grown on silk fibroin by in-situ method assisted by microwave irradiation (720 W; 15 minutes). The SF solution that had been extracted with Adjisawa reagent was mixed with a calcium phosphate solution that had been prepared using Ca(OH) 2 and (NH4)2HPO4 as a precursor. The effect of the SF ratio on the hardness of the HA/SF composite was observed in the variation of the ratio (v/v) namely HA90/SF10, HA80/SF20, and HA70/SF30. XRD results showed that the crystal size (L) and crystallinity index (CI) decreased with increasing SF ratio in the composite. The largest crystallinity index was calculated for the HA90/SF10 sample, namely 32.6 and 0.885. FTIR was chosen on the HA70/SF30 and the main functional groups were found at wave numbers 569, 608, 900, and 1036 ,amide I at wave number 1636 ,amide iI at wave number 1527 and amide III at wave number 1264 which indicates that HA and SF bind to each other. The SEM results show that SF content affects particle size, where the more SF content, the particle size was decrease. The results of the microvickers mechanical test showed that the higher the ratio of SF in the HA/SF composite, the higher the hardness value of the composite was indicated by the hardness value of the HA70/SF30 sample, which was 0.0335 GPa, the HA80/SF20 sample of 0.0278 GPa and the HA90/SF10 sample of 0.0278 GPa. 0.0266. 

Abstrak :
Biomaterial pada rekayasa jaringan tulang harus memenuhi karakteristik yaitu biokompatibilitas, efektivitas, dan non-toksisitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik komposit hidroksiapatit dan fibroin sutra dengan dan tanpa gelatin yang disiapkan dengan ex-situ berbantukan iradiasi gelombang mikro. Pengujian karakterisasi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infared, dan Scanning Electron Microscopy. Pengujian mekanik yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah micro-Vickers. Hasil XRD menyatakan ukuran kristalin pada sampel HA80/SF20/Gel5% bernilai 166 Å sedangkan pada sampel HA70/SF30/Gel5% bernilai 134 Å. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pelebaran puncak dipengaruhi oleh ukuran kristalin. Karakteristik FTIR untuk gugus fungsi pada sampel HA70/SF30/Gel5% lebih lemah dibandingkan dengan HA70/SF30, artinya kandungan H2O HA70/SF30/Gel5% lebih rendah daripada HA70/SF30. Selanjutnya hasil analisis morfologi permukaan didapatkan partikel aglomerat dengan pori-pori yang saling berhubungan serta penambahan gelatin dapat menyebabkan aglomerasi partikel berbentuk serpihan. Pada hasil uji micro-Vickers menunjukkan dugaan sementara bahwa gelatin dalam komposit HA/SF/Gel mengakibatkan nilai kekerasan semakin tinggi, yaitu pada HA70/SF30/Gel5% dengan nilai 0,049 Hv. ......Biomaterials in bone tissue engineering must meet the characteristics, namely biocompatibility, effectiveness, and non-toxicity. This research aims to study the characteristics of hydroxyapatite and silk fibroin composites with and without gelatin prepared by ex-situ assisted by microwave irradiation. The characterization tests carried out in this research were X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared, dan Scanning Electron Microscopy. The mechanical tests carried out in this research were micro-Vickers. The XRD results show that the crystalline size in the HA80/SF20/Gel5% sample is 166 Å, while in the HA70/SF30/Gel5% sample it is 134 Å. This shows that peak broadening is influenced by crystalline size. The FTIR characteristics for functional groups in the HA70/SF30/Gel5% sample are weaker than those of HA70/SF30, meaning that the H2O HA70/SF30/Gel5% lower than HA70/SF30. Furthermore, the results of surface morphology analysis showed agglomerate particles with interconnected pores and the addition of gelatin could cause agglomeration of flake-shaped particles. On test results micro-Vickers shows a temporary assumption that gelatin in the HA/SF/Gel composite results in a higher hardness value, namely at HA70/SF30/Gel5% with a value of 0,049 Hv.

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ABSTRAK
Dalam naskah penelitian ini, penulis akan mengelaborasi Silk Road sebagai media penjualan narkoba secara illegal di jejaring internet gelap secara illegal. Lebih dari itu, Silk Road merevolusi system penjualan narkoba tradisional menjadi modern. Penelitian ini juga akan menjelaskan mengapa Silk Road adalah sebuah konsep yang terhitung sukses dengan cara mereka menginporasikan teknik penjualan komersial yang terstruktur dan terorganisir menyentuh prinsip ndash; prinsip marketing dan bisnis retail modern.

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ABSTRACT
In this research paper, author will elaborate on the illegal online drug transaction platform within the dark web called Silk Road. Silk Road has ever since revolutionized the drug transaction industry from what was a traditional process onto a more modern one. Furthermore, this research paper will also try to explain why Silk Road was such a successful story from how they incorporated an online commercial marketing technique adding structure and organization to how they display their content and satisfying the users.

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This research was intended to produce functionally graded material (FGM) of Hydroxyapatite (Hap)- silk fibroin by pulse electric current sintering in facing the need in biomaterial application. Silk sheet was utilized as a bound between each layer. The target sample thickness was 1.6 mm with diameter I5 mm. Sample was created by using cylindrical type of carbon die and consisted of 4 layers with the same thickness in which silk film with the thickness of 100 ,tan was placed between the layers. The composition of lower layer was l 00% silk fibroin, second layer was 90% silk fibroin + l 0% Hap, third layer was 80% silk fibroin + 20%Hap, and 70% silk fibroin + 30% Hap for the upper layer. The properties of FGM was characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Three point bend with single-edge beam was used for _fracture toughness test (lim). The grade of the FGM material was proven by using electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA). The value of fracture toughness was 0. 65 l MPo.m". The silk film in the borders of the sample can arrest the crack perfectly, so that sudden fracture could be avoided The sample still remained capable supported the load after maximum load was reached Optical micrograph and SEM indicated that the Hap-silk fibroin FGM could be produced by using the method that was introduced in this research.