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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Salah satu sifat ideal suatu siler saluran akar adalah memiliki kemampuan penutupan yang baik terutama pada sepertiga apeks. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi perbandingan kebocoran antara pengisian saluran akar dengan siler polidimetilsiloksan SP dan siler bioceramic SB . Metode: Tiga puluh enam gigi premolar rahang bawah, dibagi dua kelompok dan diisi dengan teknik kon tunggal menggunakan siler polidimetilsiloksan pada kelompok pertama, dan siler bioceramic pada kelompok ke-dua. Selanjutnya gigi diinkubasi 37?C, selama 24 jam , kemudian dilapisi dengan dua lapis cat kuku kecuali pada 2 mm dari apeks, dan direndam dalam tinta india 7 X 24 jam . Sampel didekalsifikasi, didehidrasi dan dibuat transparan sesuai dengan metode Robertson. Kedalaman penetrasi zat tinta dievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo. Skor 0 untuk tidak bocor, skor 1 untuk penetrasi zat tinta le; 0,5 mm, skor 2 untuk penetrasi 0,51 ndash; 1 mm, dan skor 3 untuk penetrasi > 1 mm. Hasil: Distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar pada kelompok SP terdapat pada skor 2 44.4 , sedangkan pada kelompok SB terdapat pada skor 1 55.6 . Kesimpulan: Tingkat kebocoran pengisian saluran akar dengan siler bioceramic tidak berbeda dengan siler polidimetilsiloksan.

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ABSTRACTBackground One of the ideal properties of a root canal sealer is to have a good sealing ability, especially at the apical third of the root. Objective To evaluate the comparison of the apical leakage between obturation using bioceramic sealer SB and polydimethylsiloxane sealer SP . Methods Thirty six mandibular premolars were equally divided into two groups and was obturated with single cone technique. The sealer used for Group I and Group II were SP and SB respectively. After obturation, the samples were incubated 37 C, 24 h , sealed with two coats of nail polish except for 2 mm from the apex, immersed in the Indian ink for 7 days, decalcified, dehydrated and made transparent according to Robertson technique. Dye penetration were evaluated under stereomicroscope. Samples with no dye penetration were given score 0, le 0,5 mm dye penetration were given score 1, 0,051 ndash 1 mm were given score 2, and 1 mm were given score 3. Result The largest proportion distribution in SP group was at the score 2 44.4 , and in group SB was at the score 1 55.6 . Conclusion Bioceramic sealer showed similar apical leakage to polydimethylsiloxane sealer."

"lingkungan kondusif untuk proses penyembuhan. Biological sealing dapat diperoleh melalui sifat bioaktivitas suatu material, salah satunya kemampuan biomineralisasi material, yaitu kemampuan material dalam membentuk apatite like layer pada permukaan ketika berkontak dengan cairan fisiologis. Karakteristik tersebut dapat diperoleh dari material bioaktif, seperti kalsium silikat. Siler berbasis kalsium silikat pre- mixed saat ini telah banyak berkembang, di antaranya adalah Ceraseal® (Metabiomed, Korea) dan AH Plus® Bioceramic (Dentsply, USA). Komposisi masing-masing siler yang bervariasi menghasilkan perbedaan karakteristik, salah satunya kemampuan biomineralisasi. Tujuan: Menganalisis potensi biomineralisasi antara siler berbasis kalsium silikat pada dentin saluran akar dengan perendaman phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Metode: Siler berbasis kalsium silikat Ceraseal® dan AH Plus® Bioceramic diaplikasikan ke dalam dentin saluran akar gigi premolar yang telah dilakukan prosedur preparasi saluran akar, dan dilanjutkan dengan perendaman dalam PBS selama 14 hari. Analisis biomineralisasi dilakukan dengan menganalisis pembentukan lapisan apatit setelah 14 hari perendaman melalui penghitungan ketebalan deposit lapisan apatit menggunaan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), serta peningkatan pH larutan yang dihitung pada waktu observasi hari-ke 0, 7 dan 14 menggunakan pH-meter. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan deposisi apatit pada interfacial layer antara Ceraseal® dan AH Plus® Bioceramic dalam waktu observasi 14 hari. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara nilai pH Ceraseal® dan AH Plus® Bioceramic pada waktu observasi 7 dan 14 hari.

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Background: Endodontic treatment currently refers to the concept of biological sealing to form an environment conducive to the healing process. Biological sealing can be obtained through the bioactivity properties of a material, one of which is its biomineralization ability to form an apatite-like layer on the surface when in contact with physiological fluids. This characteristic is present in bioactive materials like calcium silicate. There are currently many developed pre-mixed calcium silicate based sealers, including Ceraseal® (Metabiomed, Korea) and AH Plus® Bioceramic (Dentsply, USA). The variation in their composition results in different characteristics, including biomineralization ability. Objective: To analyze the biomineralization potential of calcium silicate-based sealers on root canal dentine by phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) immersion. Methods Calcium silicate based sealer Ceraseal® and AH Plus® Bioceramic were applied to the root canal dentin of premolar teeth that had undergone root canal preparation procedures. The samples were then immersed in PBS for 14 days. Biomineralization analysis was performed by measuring the apatite layer thickness formed after 14 days of immersion using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Additionally, the pH of the solution was measured at observation times of 0,7 and 14 days using a digital pH-meter. Results: There was a significant differences in in apatite deposition at the interfacial layer between Ceraseal® and AH Plus® Bioceramic during 14 days of observation. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in pH values between Ceraseal® and AH Plus® Bioceramic at 7 and 14 days of observation."

"Latar Belakang: Siler yang baik adalah yang memiliki tingkat kebocoran mikro yang rendah Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis siler golongan resin SRE dan polidimetilsiloksan generasi baru SPGB Metode: Tiga puluh dua gigi premolar bawah dibagi dua kelompok sama besar yaitu kelompok SRE dan SPGB Setelah pengisian saluran akar dengan teknik kondensasi lateral sampel diinkubasi 370C 24 jam mahkota dipotong menyisakan bagian akar 15 mm dilapis cat kuku kecuali 1 mm dari apeks lalu direndam dalam tinta India selama 7 X 24 jam Lalu sampel didekalsifikasi dengan asam nitrat 5 didehidrasi berturut turut dengan alkohol 80 90 dan 100 dan dibuat transparan dengan metil salisilat 100 Kedalaman penetrasi tinta dievaluasi dengan mikroskop stereo Skor 1 untuk penetrasi tinta 0 0 5 mm skor 2 untuk penetrasi tinta 0 51 1 mm dan skor 3 untuk penetrasi tinta 1 mm Hasil: Distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar kelompok SRE terdapat pada skor 2 yaitu sebesar 56 3 Sedangkan distribusi proporsi kebocoran terbesar kelompok SPGB terdapat pada skor 1 yaitu sebesar 68 8 Dengan tes Kolmogorov Smirnov terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok SRE dan SPGB Kesimpulan: Kebocoran mikro pengisiansaluran akar pada sepertiga apeks dengan siler polidimetilsiloksan generasi baru lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan siler resin epoksi

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Background: An ideal root canal sealer should have good sealing ability The purpose of this study was to analyze the microleakage of obturation using epoxy resin based SRE and new generation polydimethylsiloxane based SPGB as root canal sealer

Methods: Thirty two mandibular first premolars were equally divided into two groups and obturated with lateral condensation technique The sealer used for Group I and Group II were SRE and SPGB respectively After obturation the specimens were incubated 370C 24 h decoronated sealed with nail polish except 1mm from apex immersed in Indian ink for 7 days decalcified with 5 nitric acid solution dehydrated with 80 90 and 100 alcohol consecutively and made transparent by immersing them in 100 methyl salicylate Dye penetration were evaluated under stereomicroscope and givenscore 1 3 Specimen with 0 0 5 mm dye penetration was given score 1 while 0 51 1 mm penetration was given score 2 and 1 mm was given score 3 The results were statistically analyzed with Kolmogorov Smirnov test

Results: The largest proportion distribution in SR group was score 2 56 3 whilst the largest proportion distribution in SPGB group was score 1 68 8 There was a significant difference between the microleakage of epoxy resin based and new generation polydimethylsiloxane based sealer observed from the one third apical leakage

Conclusion: The microleakage of new generation polydimethylsiloxanebasedsealer is lower than epoxy resin based sealer"

"Latar Belakang: Enterococcus faecalis merupakan faktor etiologi utama pada lesi periapeks yang persisten dan mampu bertahan dari preparasi kemomekanis pada saluran akar. Oleh karena itu, untuk menghilangkan mikroba yang terisa dalam saluran akar, harus dilakukan pengisian saluran akar secara tiga dimensi dengan siler yang bersifat antimikroba. Siler kalsium hidroksida dan mineral trioxide aggregate bersifat biokompatibel dan keduanya melepaskan ion hidroksil yang dapat menciptakan suasana basa sehingga memberikan daya antimikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan daya antimikroba siler mineral trioxide aggregate dan kalsium hidroksida terhadap E.faecalis pada waktu segera, 1 hari dan 7 hari setelah pengadukan siler. Metode: Daya antimikroba siler MTA dan Ca(OH)2 terhadap E.faecalis (ATCC 29212) diperiksa dengan direct contact test (DCT). Masing-masing siler saluran akar disiapkan dan dikontakkan langsung dengan E.faecalis pada waktu segera, 1 hari dan 7 hari setelah pengadukan siler, kemudian diberi medium BHI broth. Suspensi mikroba dituang pada plat agar dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam, setelah itu dihitung jumlah koloni mikroba yang tumbuh (CFU/ml). Analisis data dengan uji one way Anova dan Post Hoc. Hasil: Siler MTA pada waktu 1 hari dan 7 hari setelah pengadukan siler dapat mengurangi jumlah koloni mikroba paling baik, tidak berbeda bermakna dengan siler Ca(OH)2 pada waktu 1 hari setelah pengadukan siler. Kesimpulan: Siler MTA memiliki daya antimikroba terhadap E.faecalis yang lebih konstan dibandingkan siler Ca(OH)2. Sedangkan, siler Ca(OH)2 memiliki daya antimikroba yang menurun setelah 1 hari pengadukan siler. Daya antimikroba paling tinggi terhadap E.faecalis dihasilkan oleh siler MTA pada waktu 1 hari dan 7 hari setelah pengadukan siler serta siler Ca(OH)2 pada waktu 1 hari setelah pengadukan siler.

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Background: Enterococcus faecalis plays a significant role in the etiology of persistent periapical lesion and can survive from chemomechanical preparation of the root canal. Therefore, three-dimensional obturation of the root canal with sealers that have antimicrobial activity must be performed to completely eliminate microorganisms from the root canal. Calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate sealers are biocompatible and able to release hydroxyl ion thus creating alkaline environment that is responsible for their antimicrobial properties. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide sealer on E.faecalis after different periods of contact time (fresh, 1 day, 7 day after sealer preparation).

Methods: Antimicrobial activity of MTA and Ca(OH)2 sealer on E.faecalis (ATCC 29212) was assessed by direct contact test (DCT). Each sealer was prepared and directly exposed to E.faecalis immediately, 1 day and 7 day after sealer preparation, and BHI broth medium was added. The microbial suspension was poured in the blood agar plates and incubated for 24 hours. The colonies grown on the plates were counted (CFU/ml). The data were analyzed with one way Anova and Post Hoc test.

Results: MTA sealer on 1 and 7 day after sealer preparation was greatest at diminishing microbial colonies with no significant difference with Ca(OH)2 sealer on 1 day after sealer preparation.

Conclusion: MTA sealer had constant antimicrobial activity on E.faecalis compared to Ca(OH)2 sealer. On the other hand, Ca(OH)2 sealer possessed decreasing antimicrobial activity overtime. Greatest antimicrobial activity on E.faecalis was provided by MTA sealer on 1 and 7 day after sealer preparation and Ca(OH)2 sealer on 1 day after sealer preparation. "

"Latar Belakang: Kerapatan pengisian saluran akar merupakan hal yang penting bagi kesuksesan perawatan saluran akar. Pengambilan gutaperca dan preparasi pasak pada restorasi gigi pasca PSA dapat mengganggu kerapatan bahan pengisi yang tersisa. Siler saluran akar sebaiknya dapat mempertahankan kerapatan bahan pengisi setelah dilakukan pembuangan gutaperca dan preparasi pasak. Siler epoksi telah digunakan secara luas karena memiliki sifat adhesif dan kerapatan yang baik dengan dinding saluran akar. Baru-baru ini siler MTA juga telah dikembangkan dan dikatakan memiliki sifat adhesif dan kerapatan yang baik. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kerapatan sepertiga apeks pengisian saluran akar dengan siler epoksi dan siler MTA setelah dilakukan preparasi pasak. Metode: Preparasi saluran akar dilakukan pada empat puluh gigi manusia dengan saluran akar tunggal dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak, yaitu kelompok siler epoksi (SE) dan siler MTA (SM). Preparasi saluran akar dilakukan dengan ProTaper rotary, dan irigasi NaOCl 2,5% dan EDTA cair 17%. Preparasi pasak dengan peeso reamer dilakukan 7 hari pasca pengisian dengan menyisakan bahan pengisi sepanjang 5 mm di bagian apeks. Kerapatan sisa bahan pengisi diukur dengan menghitung penetrasi tinta pada sampel yang telah ditransparansi. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mikroskop stereo perbesaran 20 kali. Skor 1 untuk penetrasi tinta 0-0,5 mm, skor 2 untuk penetrasi tinta 0,51-1mm, dan skor 3 untuk penetrasi tinta >1 mm. Hasil: Data penetrasi tinta pada kelompok SE: skor 1 sebanyak 35%, skor 2 sebanyak 30%, dan skor 3 sebanyak 35%. Sedangkan pada kelompok SM skor 1 sebanyak 25%, skor 2 sebanyak 30%, dan skor 3 sebanyak 45%. Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kerapatan yang tidak bermakna antara kelompok SE dan SM. Kesimpulan: Pengisian sepertiga apeks pasca preparasi pasak pada kelompok siler epoksi lebih rapat dibandingkan kelompok siler MTA, namun keduanya tidak berbeda bermakna.

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Background: Root canal obturation sealing ability is an important part of endodontic success. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth may sometimes need post and core. Post preparation procedure requires partial removal of the root canal filling to prepare adequate space for the post and retention of the intra canal post. Root canal sealer should be able to maintain obturation seal. Epoxy sealer has been widely used because its adhesive properties and sealing ability. Recently MTA sealer has also been developed and according to the manufacturer, MTA sealer also has adhesive properties and good sealing ability.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the sealing ability of apical third of the root canal a with epoxy sealer and MTA sealer after post preparation.

Methods: Root canal preparation was performed on forty human teeth with a crown down technique; irrigation with 2,5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, and lubrication with RC-Prep were used. The canals were then filled with gutta-percha and root canal sealer utilizing a cold lateral condensation technique. MTA Fillapex or AH-Plus were used in the experimental groups. The teeth were cleared with Robertson technique and examined under a stereomicroscope. Post preparation was performed with peeso reamer 7 days after obturation. Residual seal was measured by counting dye leakage. Observations were made with a stereo microscope magnification of 20 times. Score 1 for ink penetration 0-0.5 mm, a score of 2 to 0.51 - 1mm dye leakage, and a score of 3 for dye leakage > 1 mm.

Results: Dye leakage on the SE group: score1 : 35 %, score 2: 30 %, and score 3: 35 %. While the SM group: score 1: 25 %, score 2: 30 %, and score 3: 45 %. Chi-Square test showed no significant differences in density between the SE and SM group.

Conclusion: Dye leakage demonstrated that SE group show less leakage than SM group. Chi-Square test show there is no significant difference between both group."